The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Depression after Stroke and Risk of Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background.Depression after stroke may have great burden on the likelihood of functional recovery and long-term outcomes.Objective. To estimate the association between depression after stroke and subsequent mortality.Methods. A systematic search of articles using PubMed and Web of Science databases was performed. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were used as association measures for pooled analyses, based on random-effects models.Results. Thirteen studies, involving 59,598 subjects suffering from stroke (6,052 with and 53,546 without depression), had data suitable for meta-analysis. The pooled OR for mortality at followup in people suffering from depression after stroke was 1.22 (1.02–1.47). Subgroups analyses highlighted that only studies with medium-term followup (2–5 years) showed a statistically significant association between depression and risk of death. Four studies had data suitable for further analysis of pooled HR. The meta-analysis revealed a HR for mortality of 1.52 (1.02–2.26) among people with depression after stroke.Conclusions. Despite some limitations, this paper confirms the potential role of depression on post stroke mortality. The relationship between depression and mortality after stroke seems to be related to the followup duration. Further research is needed to clarify the nature of the association between depression after stroke and mortality.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although these studies focused on incident CVD, considerable evidence also demonstrates that depression increases the risk of recurrent events and mortality in patients with existing CVD. 46,47”
From Psychological Health, Well-Being, and the Mind-Heart-Body Connection: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology<SUBTITLE>A Proposal for Reporting</SUBTITLE>
Stroup, D. F. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 · Cited by 20,623
Pharmacological interventions for somatoform disorders in adults
Kleinstäuber, M., Witthöft, M., Steffanowski, A., van Marwijk, H., Hiller, W., & Lambert, M. J. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010628.pub2 · Cited by 11,369
Bias and causal associations in observational research
Grimes, D. A., & Schulz, K. F. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07451-2 · Cited by 1,553
Frequency of Depression After Stroke: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Hackett, M. L., Yapa, C., Parag, V., & Anderson, C. S. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000165928.19135.35 · Cited by 1,464
Depression as a risk factor for mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis
Barth, J., Schumacher, M., & Herrmann-Lingen, C. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000146332.53619.b2 · Cited by 1,358
Meta-analysis Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies
Egger, M., Schneider, M., & Smith, G. D. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7125.140 · Cited by 997
Persisting Consequences of Stroke Measured by the Stroke Impact Scale
Lai, S., Studenski, S. A., Duncan, P. W., & Perera, S. (2002) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000019289.15440.f2 · Cited by 644
Association of depression with 10-year poststroke mortality
Morris, P. L. P., Robinson, R. G., Andrzejewski, P. L., SAMUELS, J. F., & Price, T. R. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.1.124 · Cited by 473
Predictors of Depression after Stroke
Hackett, M. L., & Anderson, C. S. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000183622.75135.a4 · Cited by 468
Poststroke depression: prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and disease progression
Robinson, R. G. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00423-2 · Cited by 461
Mood disorder as a specific complication of stroke.
Folstein, M. F., Maiberger, R., & McHugh, P. R. (1977) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.40.10.1018 · Cited by 442
Mortality at 12 and 24 Months After Stroke May Be Associated With Depressive Symptoms at 1 Month
House, A. O., Knapp, P., Bamford, J., & Vail, A. (2001) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.32.3.696 · Cited by 401
Interventions for treating depression after stroke
Hackett, M. L., Anderson, C. S., House, A., & Xia, J. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003437.pub3 · Cited by 387
Andersen, G., Vestergaard, K., & Lauritzen, L. (1994) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.25.6.1099 · Cited by 378
Mortality and Poststroke Depression: A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Antidepressants
Jorge, R. E., Robinson, R. G., Arndt, S. V., & STARKSTEIN, S. E. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.10.1823 · Cited by 339
Immune suppression and immune activation in depression
Blume, J., Douglas, S. D., & Evans, D. L. (2011) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.10.008 · Cited by 338
Depression is an independent predictor of poor long‐term functional outcome post‐stroke
Pohjasvaara, T., Vataja, R., Leppävuori, A., Kaste, M., & Erkinjuntti, T. (2001) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1046/j.1468-1331.2001.00182.x · Cited by 331
Poststroke Depression: A Review
Robinson, R. G., & Spalletta, G. (2010) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371005500602 · Cited by 315
Depression and Other Mental Health Diagnoses Increase Mortality Risk After Ischemic Stroke
Williams, L. S., Ghose, S. S., & Swindle, R. W. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.6.1090 · Cited by 309
Improved Recovery in Activities of Daily Living Associated With Remission of Poststroke Depression
Chemerinski, E., Robinson, R. G., & Kosier, J. T. (2001) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.32.1.113 · Cited by 301
Interventions for preventing depression after stroke
Hackett, M. L., Anderson, C. S., House, A. O., & Halteh, C. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003689.pub3 · Cited by 273
Fluoxetine in Early Poststroke Depression
Wiart, L., Petit, H., Joseph, P.-A., Mazaux, J., & Barat, M. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.8.1829 · Cited by 259
Effect of experimental cerebral infarction in rat brain on catecholamines and behaviour
Robinson, R. G., Shoemaker, W. J., Schlumpf, M., VALK, T., & Bloom, F. E. (1975) · Nature · doi:10.1038/255332a0 · Cited by 253
Epidemiology and treatment of post-stroke depression
Paolucci, S. (2008) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s2017 · Cited by 243
Depression Influences Intellectual Impairment in Stroke Patients
Robinson, R. G., Bolla‐Wilson, K., Kaplan, E., Lipsey, J. R., & Price, T. R. (1986) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.148.5.541 · Cited by 222
Prevalence and Course of Depressive Disorders in Hospitalized Stroke Patients
Morris, P., Robinson, R. G., & Raphael, B. (1990) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/n8vu-6lwu-fljn-xqkv · Cited by 203
Are depressive symptoms nonspecific in patients with acute stroke?
Fedoroff, J. P., STARKSTEIN, S. E., Parikh, R. M., Price, T. R., & Robinson, R. G. (1991) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.148.9.1172 · Cited by 183
Poststroke depression: An examination of the literature
Gordon, W. A., & Hibbard, M. R. (1997) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90433-0 · Cited by 171
The Italian multicenter observational study on post–stroke depression (DESTRO)
Paolucci, S., Gandolfo, C., Provinciali, L., Torta, R., Toso, V., & on the behalf of the DESTRO Study Group (2006) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0058-6 · Cited by 144
Post-stroke depression: Prevalence and relationship with disability in chronic stroke survivors
Srivastava, A., Taly, A., Gupta, A., & Murali, T. (2010) · Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · doi:10.4103/0972-2327.64643 · Cited by 123
Frequency of Cognitive Impairment Without Dementia in Patients With Stroke
Serrano, S., Domingo, J., Rodríguez-García, E., Castro, M.-D., & del Ser, T. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000251804.13102.c0 · Cited by 117
Anxiety and depression in the first six months after stroke. A longitudinal multicentre study
Wit, L. D., Putman, K. D., Baert, I., Lincoln, N. B., Angst, F., Beyens, H., Bogaerts, K., Brinkmann, N., Connell, L., Dejaeger, E. W., et al. (2008) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280701708736 · Cited by 116
Depression and increased risk of death in adults with stroke
Ellis, C., Zhao, Y., & Egede, L. E. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.11.006 · Cited by 114
Depression, Introversion and Mortality following Stroke
Morris, P., Robinson, R. G., & SAMUELS, J. F. (1993) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048679309075801 · Cited by 110
Effect of Antidepressants on the Course of Disability Following Stroke
Mikami, K., Jorge, R. E., Adams, H. P., Davis, P. H., Leira, E. C. C., Jang, M., & Robinson, R. G. (2011) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31821181b0 · Cited by 103
Early Depressed Mood After Stroke Predicts Long-Term Disability
Willey, J. Z., Disla, N., Moon, Y. P., Paik, M. C., Sacco, R. L., Boden-Albala, B. M., Elkind, M. S. V., & Wright, C. B. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.583997 · Cited by 91
The Impact of Poststroke Depression on Healthcare Use by Veterans With Acute Stroke
Jia, H., Damush, T. M., Qin, H., Ried, L. D., Wang, X., Young, L. J., & Williams, L. S. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000244783.53274.a4 · Cited by 90
Assessment of depression in patients with brain pathology: The case of stroke.
Spencer, K. A., Tompkins, C. A., & Schulz, R. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.122.2.132 · Cited by 87
Prediction of the response to citalopram and reboxetine in post-stroke depressed patients
Rampello, L., Chiechio, S., Nicoletti, G. F., Alvano, A., Vecchio, I., Raffaele, R., & Malaguarnera, M. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1698-1 · Cited by 87
Mortality Associated with Incident Mental Health Disorders After Stroke
Almeida, O. P., & Xiao, J. (2007) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670601172772 · Cited by 87
Schubert, D. S. P., Burns, R. A., Paras, W., & Sioson, E. R. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000288575 · Cited by 80
Carrà, G., Sciarini, P., Lusignani, G. S., Clerici, M., Montomoli, C., & Kessler, R. C. (2010) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.008 · Cited by 78
Self-citationCarrà, G., Johnson, S., Bebbington, P., Angermeyer, M. C., Heider, D., Brugha, T. S., Azorin, J., & Toumi, M. (2012) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-012-0305-z · Cited by 74
Self-citationRampello, L., Alvano, A., Chiechio, S., Raffaele, R., Vecchio, I., & Malaguarnera, M. (2004) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2004.09.004 · Cited by 67
Poststroke Depression and Risk of Recurrent Stroke at 1 Year in a Chinese Cohort Study
Yuan, H. W., Wang, C. X., Zhang, N., Bai, Y., Shi, Y., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y. L., Zhang, T., Zhou, J., Yu, X., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046906 · Cited by 65
The Assessment of Poststroke Depression
Salter, K. L., Bhogal, S. K., Foley, N. C., Jutai, J. W., & Teasell, R. W. (2007) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/tsr1403-1 · Cited by 58
Dossa, A., Glickman, M. E., & Berlowitz, D. R. (2011) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-311 · Cited by 55
Næss, H., Lunde, L.-H., Brøgger, J. C., & Waje‐Andreassen, U. (2010) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01373.x · Cited by 48
Ried, L. D., Jia, H., Feng, H., Cameon, R., Wang, X., Tueth, M. J., & Wu, S. S. (2011) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.1p478 · Cited by 46
Poststroke neuropsychiatric illness: An integrated approach to diagnosis and management
Bourgeois, J. A., Hilty, D. M., Chang, C. H., Wineinger, M. A., & Servis, M. E. (2004) · Current Treatment Options in Neurology · doi:10.1007/s11940-996-0031-9 · Cited by 31
Screening for depression in stroke: Relationship to rehabilitation efficiency
Gillen, R. W., Eberhardt, T. L., Tennen, H. A., Affleck, G. G., & Groszmann, Y. S. (1999) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1052-3057(99)80004-4 · Cited by 28
Kemper, C., Koller, D., Glaeske, G., & van den Bussche, H. (2011) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/tsr1802-172 · Cited by 14
And how shall we deal with adaptation and implementation of NICE schizophrenia guidelines in Italy?
Carrà, G., Lusignani, G. S., Sciarini, P., Barale, F., Marinoni, A., & Clerici, M. (2008) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s1121189x00000051 · Cited by 6
Self-citationMood disorder as a specific complication of stroke
Carson, A. J. (2012) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2011-301854 · Cited by 4
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- 2012, PLoS One, 7
- 2008, Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 4, 145
- 2008, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- 2008, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- 2008, Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale, 17, 258
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Blaha, M. J., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., Deo, R., de Ferranti, S. D., Floyd, J., Fornage, M., Gillespie, C., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000485 · Cited by 12,591
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., et al. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000757 · Cited by 9,175
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Muntner, P., Alonso, A., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Das, S. R., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000659 · Cited by 9,036
Heart disease and stroke statistics-2018 update: a report from the american heart association
Benjamin, E. J., Virani, S. S., Callaway, C. W., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Delling, F. N., Deo, R., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000558 · Cited by 7,146
Greenberg, S. M., Ziai, W., Cordonnier, C., Dowlatshahi, D. D., Francis, B. A., Goldstein, J. N., Hemphill, J. C., Johnson, R., Keigher, K. M., Mack, W. J., et al. (2022) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000407 · Cited by 1,876
Metadata
- Authors
- Bartoli, F., Lillia, N., Lax, A., Crocamo, C., Mantero, V., Carrà, G., Agostoni, E., & Clerici, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda (IT)
- Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Bartoli, Francesco
- ORCID
- Venue
- Stroke Research and Treatment
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 2013
- Pages
- 1-11
- ISSN
- 2042-0056 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-8105
- PMC
- PMC3606772
- OpenAlex
- W2028963855
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 2.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Stroke Research and Treatment (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Keywords
- post-stroke depression, stroke, mortality, follow-up duration, functional recovery, long-term outcomes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
