A Reappraisal of Women’s Health Initiative Estrogen-Alone Trial: Long-Term Outcomes in Women 50–59 Years of Age
Open accessAbstract
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Estrogen-Alone Trial randomized postmenopausal women, 50 to 79 years of age, with prior hysterectomy, to conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) or placebo with a 5.9-year median duration of CEE use. In 2013, the WHI published outcomes for additional extended follow-up. Reported here for the first time is an analysis of the number needed to treat with CEE rather than placebo for younger women (50-59 years) to prevent an adverse long-term outcome. For every 76 women randomized to CEE at 50-59 years, one less myocardial infarction occurred during the 13-year cumulative long-term follow-up. For every 37 women randomized to CEE at 50-59 years, one less woman experienced a global index endpoint (including coronary heart disease, invasive breast cancer, stroke, pulmonary embolism, colorectal cancer, hip fracture, and death) during the 13-year follow-up. Younger women (50-59 years), compared to older women, had more favorable cumulative long-term outcomes for MI and global index. Though a subgroup analysis is not an adequate basis for making primary prevention guideline recommendations, the WHI Estrogen-Alone Trial outcomes strongly suggest that a similar course of estrogen initiated at 50-59 years in postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy results in significant long-term health benefit.
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Epidemiological studies have shown that males have higher peak bone mass than females, which may delay osteoporosis development in males until their eighth decade of life.
“Epidemiological studies have shown that males have higher PBM than females, which may delay the osteoporosis development in males until their eighth decade of life [2,5,16].”
From β-Ecdysone Augments Peak Bone Mass in Mice of Both Sexes (2015) · cites this paper as [5]
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- Authors
- Roehm, E.
- Affiliations
- Volunteer Health Clinic, 4215 Medical Pkwy, Austin, TX 78756, USA
- Corresponding author
- Roehm, Eric
- ORCID
- Roehm, Eric
- Venue
- Obstetrics and Gynecology International
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 2015
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 1687-9589 (ISSN-L)
- 1687-9597
- PMC
- PMC4313058
- OpenAlex
- W2064711685
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obstetrics and Gynecology International (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Keywords
- conjugated equine estrogens, estrogen therapy, postmenopausal women, hysterectomy, number needed to treat, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, long-term outcomes, primary prevention
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