Deep Ensemble Model for Classification of Novel Coronavirus in Chest X‐Ray Images
Open accessAbstract
The novel coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, can be deadly to people, causing COVID‐19. The ease of its propagation, coupled with its high capacity for illness and death in infected individuals, makes it a hazard to the community. Chest X‐rays are one of the most common but most difficult to interpret radiographic examination for early diagnosis of coronavirus‐related infections. They carry a considerable amount of anatomical and physiological information, but it is sometimes difficult even for the expert radiologist to derive the related information they contain. Automatic classification using deep learning models can help in better assessing these infections swiftly. Deep CNN models, namely, MobileNet, ResNet50, and InceptionV3, were applied with different variations, including training the model from the start, fine‐tuning along with adjusting learned weights of all layers, and fine‐tuning with learned weights along with augmentation. Fine‐tuning with augmentation produced the best results in pretrained models. Out of these, two best‐performing models (MobileNet and InceptionV3) selected for ensemble learning produced accuracy and FScore of 95.18% and 90.34%, and 95.75% and 91.47%, respectively. The proposed hybrid ensemble model generated with the merger of these deep models produced a classification accuracy and FScore of 96.49% and 92.97%. For test dataset, which was separately kept, the model generated accuracy and FScore of 94.19% and 88.64%. Automatic classification using deep ensemble learning can help radiologists in the correct identification of coronavirus‐related infections in chest X‐rays. Consequently, this swift and computer‐aided diagnosis can help in saving precious human lives and minimizing the social and economic impact on society.
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The ensemble model is a method to improve the accuracy rate of the model.
“The ensemble model is a method to improve the accuracy rate of the model [26, 27].”
From Method for diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on vit-cnn ensemble model (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Ahmad, F., Farooq, A., & Ghani, M. U.
- Affiliations
- University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (PK)
- Corresponding author
- Ahmad, Fareed
- Venue
- Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 2021
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8890226-8890226
- ISSN
- 1687-5265 (ISSN-L)
- 1687-5273
- PMC
- PMC7805527
- OpenAlex
- W3119213388
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 14
- FWCI
- 7.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, chest X-ray classification, ensemble deep learning, MobileNet, ResNet50, InceptionV3, transfer learning, data augmentation, computer-aided diagnosis, pneumonia detection
- MeSH terms
- Machine Learning, Deep Learning, COVID-19, Algorithms, Computer Simulation, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Software, Thorax, Reproducibility of Results, Neural Networks, Computer
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