Nitric Oxide as a Unique Bioactive Signaling Messenger in Physiology and Pathophysiology
Open accessAbstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an intra‐ and extracellular messenger that mediates diverse signaling pathways in target cells and is known to play an important role in many physiological processes including neuronal signaling, immune response, inflammatory response, modulation of ion channels, phagocytic defense mechanism, penile erection, and cardiovascular homeostasis and its decompensation in atherogenesis. Recent studies have also revealed a role for NO as signaling molecule in plant, as it activates various defense genes and acts as developmental regulator. In plants, NO can also be produced by nitrate reductase. NO can operate through posttranslational modification of proteins (nitrosylation). NO is also a causative agent in various pathophysiological abnormalities. One of the very important systems, the cardiovascular system, is affected by NO production, as this bioactive molecule is involved in the regulation of cardiovascular motor tone, modulation of myocardial contractivity, control of cell proliferation, and inhibition of platelet activation, aggregation, and adhesion. The prime source of NO in the cardiovascular system is endothelial NO synthase, which is tightly regulated with respect to activity and localization. The inhibition of chronic NO synthesis leads to neurogenic and arterial hypertensions, which later contribute to development of myocardial fibrosis. Overall, the modulation of NO synthesis is associated with hypertension. This review briefly describes the physiology of NO, its synthesis, catabolism, and targeting, the mechanism of NO action, and the pharmacological role of NO with special reference to its essential role in hypertension.
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- Authors
- Tuteja, N., Chandra, M., Tuteja, R., & Misra, M. K.
- Affiliations
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (IN)
- King George's Medical University (IN)
- University of Lucknow (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Tuteja, Narendra
- Venue
- BioMed Research International
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 2004
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 227-237
- ISSN
- 1110-7243 (ISSN-L)
- 2314-6133
- 2314-6141
- PMC
- PMC555773
- OpenAlex
- W1972508039
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BioMed Research International (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Keywords
- nitric oxide, nitric oxide signaling, nitric oxide synthase, nitrosylation, cardiovascular homeostasis, hypertension, endothelium, atherogenesis, nitrate reductase, platelet aggregation, myocardial fibrosis, ion channel modulation, immune response, inflammation
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