The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor Type II Inactivation Induces the Malignant Transformation of Intestinal Neoplasms Initiated by Apc Mutation
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a tumor-suppressor pathway that is commonly inactivated in colon cancer. TGF-β is a secreted ligand that mediates its effects through a transmembrane heteromeric receptor complex, which consists of type I (TGFBR1) and type II subunits (TGFBR2). Approximately 30% of colon cancers carry TGFBR2 mutations, demonstrating that it is a common target for mutational inactivation in this cancer. To assess the functional role of TGFBR2 inactivation in the multistep progression sequence of colon cancer, we generated a mouse model that recapitulates two common genetic events observed in human colon cancer by mating Apc1638N/wt mice with mice that are null for Tgfbr2 in the intestinal epithelium, Villin-Cre;Tgfbr2E2flx/E2flx mice. In this model, we observed a dramatic increase in the number of intestinal adenocarcinomas in the Apc1638N/wt;Villin-Cre;Tgfbr2E2flx/E2flx mice (called Apc1638N/wt;Tgfbr2IEKO) compared with those mice with intact Tgfbr2 (Apc1638N/wt;Tgfbr2E2flx/E2flx). Additionally, in vitro analyses of epithelial tumor cells derived from the Apc1638N/wt;Tgfbr2IEKO mice showed enhanced expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as increased TGF-β1 secretion in the conditioned medium. Similarly, primary tumor tissues from the Apc1638N/wt;Tgfbr2IEKO mice also showed elevated amounts of TGF-β1 as well as higher MMP-2 activity in comparison with Apc1638N/wt;Tgfbr2E2flx/E2flx–derived tumors. Thus, loss of TGFBR2 in intestinal epithelial cells promotes the invasion and malignant transformation of tumors initiated by Apc mutation, providing evidence that Wnt signaling deregulation and TGF-β signaling inactivation cooperate to drive the initiation and progression, respectively, of intestinal cancers in vivo. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(20): 9837-44)
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
DPC4 , A Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene at Human Chromosome 18q21.1
Hahn, S. A., Schutte, M., Shamsul Hoque, A. T. M., Moskaluk, C. A., da Costa, L. T., Rozenblum, E., Weinstein, C. L., Fischer, A., Yeo, C. J., Hruban, R. H., et al. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5247.350 · Cited by 2,337
TGF-β Signaling in Tumor Suppression and Cancer Progression
Derynck, R., Akhurst, R. J., & Balmain, A. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1001-117 · Cited by 2,275
TGF-ß Signaling in Fibroblasts Modulates the Oncogenic Potential of Adjacent Epithelia
Bhowmick, N. A., Chytil, A., Plieth, D., Gorska, A. E., Dumont, N., Shappell, S., Washington, M. K., Neilson, E. G., & Moses, H. L. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1090922 · Cited by 1,401
Self-citationYang, L., DeBusk, L. M., Fukuda, K., Fingleton, B., Green-Jarvis, B., Shyr, Y., Matrisian, L. M., Carbone, D. P., & Lin, P. C. (2004) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2004.08.031 · Cited by 1,140
Zebrafish Prickle, a Modulator of Noncanonical Wnt/Fz Signaling, Regulates Gastrulation Movements
Veeman, M. T., Slusarski, D. C., Kaykas, A., Louie, S. H., & Moon, R. T. (2003) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00240-9 · Cited by 945
Self-citationA targeted chain-termination mutation in the mouse Apc gene results in multiple intestinal tumors.
Fodde, R., Edelmann, W., Yang, K., van Leeuwen, C., Carlson, C., Renault, B., Breukel, C., Alt, E., Lipkin, M., & Khan, P. M. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.19.8969 · Cited by 531 · cited 1×
“5¶-TGGAAGGATTGGAGCTACGG-3¶, primer 3: 5¶-GTTGTCATCCAGGTCT-GGTG-3¶ that generate a 300 bp amplicon from the wild-type Apc allele and 400 bp amplicon from the Apc1638N mutant allele ( 25 ).”
Background
Cited by
Massagué, J. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.001 · Cited by 3,907
Dependency of Colorectal Cancer on a TGF-β-Driven Program in Stromal Cells for Metastasis Initiation
Calon, A., Espinet, E., Palomo-Ponce, S., Tauriello, D. V. F., Iglesias, M., Céspedes, M. V., Sevillano, M., Nadal, C., Jung, P., Zhang, X. H.-F., et al. (2012) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.013 · Cited by 1,060
Yang, L., Huang, J., Ren, X., Gorska, A. E., Chytil, A., Aakre, M., Carbone, D. P., Matrisian, L. M., Richmond, A., Lin, P. C., et al. (2008) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2007.12.004 · Cited by 918
Self-citationTGF-β signaling in health and disease
Massagué, J., & Sheppard, D. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.036 · Cited by 890
TGF-β Promotes Heterogeneity and Drug Resistance in Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Oshimori, N., Oristian, D., & Fuchs, E. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.043 · Cited by 471
Metadata
- Authors
- Muñoz, N. M., Upton, M., Rojas, A., Washington, M. K., Lin, L., Chytil, A., Sozmen, E. G., Madison, B. B., Pozzi, A., Moon, R. T., Moses, H. L., & Grady, W. M.
- Venue
- Cancer Research
- Published
- 2006-10-15
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 9837-9844
- ISSN
- 0008-5472 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7445
- OpenAlex
- W2171262765
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 4.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor Type II Inactivation Induces the Malignant Transformation of Intestinal Neoplasms Initiated by Apc Mutation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0890
- The paper
- Muñoz, N. M., Upton, M., Rojas, A., Washington, M. K., Lin, L., Chytil, A., Sozmen, E. G., Madison, B. B., Pozzi, A., Moon, R. T., Moses, H. L., & Grady, W. M. (2006). Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor Type II Inactivation Induces the Malignant Transformation of Intestinal Neoplasms Initiated by Apc Mutation. Cancer Research. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0890
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.