Postdiagnosis C-Reactive Protein and Breast Cancer Survivorship: Findings from the WHEL Study
Open accessAbstract
Background: Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of acute inflammatory response and has been associated with health outcomes in some studies. Inflammation and immune response may have potential prognostic implications for breast cancer survivors. Methods: The Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study includes 2,919 early-stage breast cancer survivors with serum collected 2 years postdiagnosis and follow-up for clinical outcomes over approximately 7 years. CRP concentrations were measured using high-sensitivity electrochemiluminescence assay. Outcomes, including all-cause mortality, breast cancer–specific mortality, and additional breast cancer events were oncologist verified from medical records and death certificates. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted with adjustment for potential confounding factors to generate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: CRP concentrations in women diagnosed with breast cancer were associated with death due to any cause, death due to breast cancer, and additional breast cancer events, after adjustment for sociodemographic and cancer characteristics (lnCRP: P < 0.05 for all three outcomes). The HR for women with (vs. without) acute inflammation suggests a threshold effect on overall survival, rather than a dose–response relationship (≥10.0 mg/L vs. <1 mg/L: HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.22–3.13). Associations were similar for breast cancer–specific mortality (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.13–3.23) and any additional breast cancer–related event (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.17–2.43). Conclusions: Acute inflammation status (CRP ≥ 10 mg/L) may be an important independent biomarker for long-term survival in breast cancer survivors. Impact: Interventions to decrease circulating CRP concentrations in breast cancer survivors with acute inflammation may improve prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(1); 189–99. ©2013 AACR.
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Inflammatory factors such as cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with breast cancer progression and psychological problems.
“Inflammatory factors such as cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with breast cancer progression18 and psychological problems.19”
From The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Group Counseling on Psychological and Inflammatory Responses of the Women With Breast Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Villaseñor, A., Flatt, S. W., Marinac, C., Natarajan, L., Pierce, J. P., & Patterson, R. E.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Patterson, Ruth E.
- Venue
- Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
- Published
- 2014-01-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 189-199
- ISSN
- 1055-9965 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7755
- PMC
- PMC3911892
- OpenAlex
- W2169510064
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5m01rr000079-42, 1t32gm084896-01)
- National Cancer Institute (5R01 CA69375-10, R01CA166293, P30CA023100, R01CA069375)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32-GM084896, 5 T32GM084896)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR000079, M01RR000070, M01 RR-00079, M01RR000827)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
- Keywords
- C-reactive protein, breast cancer survivors, acute inflammation, inflammatory markers, all-cause mortality, breast cancer-specific mortality, breast cancer recurrence, long-term survival, prognostic factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms, C-Reactive Protein, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Prognosis, United States, Cohort Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
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