The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 74 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Targeting the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway: Physiological Feedback and Drug Response
Open accessAbstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation is a frequent event in human cancer and is often the result of activating mutations in the BRAF and RAS oncogenes. Targeted inhibitors of BRAF and its downstream effectors are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development. These agents offer the possibility of greater efficacy and less toxicity than current therapies for tumors driven by oncogenic mutations in the MAPK pathway. Early clinical results with the BRAF-selective inhibitor PLX4032 suggest that this strategy will prove successful in a select group of patients whose tumors are driven by V600E BRAF. Relief of physiologic feedback upon pathway inhibition may, however, attenuate drug response and contribute to the development of acquired resistance. An improved understanding of the adaptive response of cancer cells to MAPK pathway inhibition may thus aid in the identification of those patients most likely to respond to targeted pathway inhibitors and provide a rational basis for tailored combination strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 16(13); 3329–34. ©2010 AACR.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For example, ERK can phosphorylate CRAF to inhibit its activity; MAPK pathway can induce the expression of DUSP phosphatases to dephosphorylate ERK and Sprouty and SPRED proteins to inhibit Ras activation (41).”
From KRAS mutation in pancreatic cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“As a result, acute inhibition of KRAS or MAPK in KRAS and BRAF mutant cells often results in a bi-phasic response. Initially, the pathway is effectively shut down by the inhibitor. This, however, also diminishes the activity of the negative feedback loops. Consequently, the activity of the MAPK pathway gradually rebounds to a new steady state level despite the continuous presence of the inhibitor,”
From KRAS mutation in pancreatic cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer
Davies, H., Bignell, G. R., Cox, C., Stephens, P., Edkins, S., Clegg, S., Teague, J., Woffendin, H., Garnett, M. J., Bottomley, W., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00766 · Cited by 10,674
Massagué, J. (1998) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.753 · Cited by 7,571
Wilhelm, S. M., Carter, C., Tang, L., Wilkie, D. P., McNabola, A., Rong, H., Chen, C., Zhang, X., Vincent, P. W., McHugh, M., et al. (2004) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-1443 · Cited by 4,060
Alessi, D. R., Cuenda, A., Cohen, P., Dudley, D. T., & Saltiel, A. R. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.46.27489 · Cited by 3,374
Mechanism of Activation of the RAF-ERK Signaling Pathway by Oncogenic Mutations of B-RAF
Wan, P., Garnett, M. J., Roe, S. M., Lee, S., Niculescu‐Duvaz, D., Good, V. M., Cancer Genome Project, Jones, C. M., Marshall, C. J., Springer, C. J., et al. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00215-6 · Cited by 2,863
RAS oncogenes: the first 30 years
Malumbres, M., & Barbacid, M. (2003) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1097 · Cited by 1,902
RAF inhibitors transactivate RAF dimers and ERK signalling in cells with wild-type BRAF
Poulikakos, P. I., Zhang, C., Bollag, G. E., Shokat, K. M., & Rosen, N. X. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08902 · Cited by 1,841
RAF inhibitors prime wild-type RAF to activate the MAPK pathway and enhance growth
Hatzivassiliou, G., Song, K. W., Yen, I., Brandhuber, B. J., Anderson, D. J., Alvarado, R., Ludlam, M. J. C., Stokoe, D., Gloor, S. L., Vigers, G. P. A., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08833 · Cited by 1,649
Kinase-Dead BRAF and Oncogenic RAS Cooperate to Drive Tumor Progression through CRAF
Heidorn, S. J., Milagre, C. S., Whittaker, S. R., Nourry, A., Niculescu‐Duvaz, I., Dhomen, N. S., Hussain, J., Reis-Filho, J. S., Springer, C. J., Pritchard, C. A., et al. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.040 · Cited by 1,497
Carracedo, A., Ma, L., Teruya-Feldstein, J., Rojo, F., Salmena, L., Alimonti, A., Egia, A., Sasaki, A. T., Thomas, G., Kozma, S. C., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci34739 · Cited by 1,381
Discovery of a selective inhibitor of oncogenic B-Raf kinase with potent antimelanoma activity
Tsai, J., Lee, J. T., Wang, W., Zhang, J., Cho, H., Mamo, S., Bremer, R., Gillette, S., Kong, J., Haass, N. K., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0711741105 · Cited by 1,346
BRAF mutation predicts sensitivity to MEK inhibition
Solit, D. B., Garraway, L. A., Pratilas, C. A., Sawai, A., Getz, G. A., Basso, A., Ye, Q., Lobo, J. M., She, Y., Osman, I., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04304 · Cited by 1,326
Self-citationTargeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade to treat cancer
Sebolt, J. S., & Herrera, R. (2004) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1503 · Cited by 1,103
Phosphorylation and Regulation of Raf by Akt (Protein Kinase B)
Zimmermann, S., & Moelling, K. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5445.1741 · Cited by 1,093
BRAF and RAS mutations in human lung cancer and melanoma.
Brose, M. S., Volpe, P., Feldman, M. D., Kumar, M. S., Rishi, I., Gerrero, R. M., Einhorn, E., Herlyn, M., Minna, J. D., Nicholson, A. G., et al. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 1,048
A Genome-wide RNAi Screen Identifies Multiple Synthetic Lethal Interactions with the Ras Oncogene
Luo, J., Emanuele, M. J., Li, D., Creighton, C. J., Schlabach, M. R., Westbrook, T. F., Wong, K.-K., & Elledge, S. J. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.006 · Cited by 1,017
Blockade of the MAP kinase pathway suppresses growth of colon tumors in vivo
Sebolt, J. S., Dudley, D. T., Herrera, R., Becelaere, K. V., Wiland, A. M., Gowan, R. C., Tecle, H., Barrett, S. D., Bridges, A. J., Przybranowski, S. A., et al. (1999) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/10533 · Cited by 972
Complexes of Ras⋅GTP with Raf-1 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase
Moodie, S. A., Willumsen, B. M., Weber, M. J., & Wolfman, A. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8503013 · Cited by 968
Suppression of Raf-1 kinase activity and MAP kinase signalling by RKIP
Yeung, K. C., Seitz, T., Li, S.-F., Janosch, P., McFerran, B., Kaiser, C., Fee, F., Katsanakis, K. D., Rose, D., Mischak, H., et al. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43686 · Cited by 909
Der, C. J., Krontiris, T. G., & Cooper, G. M. (1982) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.79.11.3637 · Cited by 793
Aberrant regulation of ras proteins in malignant tumour cells from type 1 neurofibromatosis patients
Basu, T. N., Gutmann, D. H., Fletcher, J. A., Glover, T. W., Collins, F. S., & Downward, J. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/356713a0 · Cited by 669
Regulation of Raf-1 by direct feedback phosphorylation.
Dougherty, M., Müller, J., Ritt, D. A., Zhou, M., Zhou, X.-Z., Copeland, T., Conrads, T., Veenstra, T., Lu, K., & Morrison, D. (2005) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.11.055 · Cited by 663
Rinehart, J., Adjei, A. A., LoRusso, P. M., Waterhouse, D., Hecht, J. R., Natale, R. B., Hamid, O., Varterasian, M., Asbury, P., Kaldjian, E. P., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2004.01.185 · Cited by 645
Sorafenib in advanced melanoma: a Phase II randomised discontinuation trial analysis
Eisen, T. G., Ahmad, T., Flaherty, K. T., Gore, M. E., Kaye, S. B., Marais, R., Gibbens, I., Hackett, S., James, M., Schuchter, L. M., et al. (2006) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603291 · Cited by 638
The complexity of Raf-1 regulation
Morrison, D. K., & Cutler, R. E. (1997) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(97)80060-9 · Cited by 636
Ohren, J. F., Chen, H., Pavlovsky, A. G., Whitehead, C. E., Zhang, E., Kuffa, P., Yan, C., McConnell, P., Spessard, C., Banotai, C. A., et al. (2004) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb859 · Cited by 635
Pratilas, C. A., Taylor, B. S., Ye, Q., Viale, A. J., Sander, C., Solit, D. B., & Rosen, N. X. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0900780106 · Cited by 626
Self-citationChang, E. H., Furth, M. E., Scolnick, E. M., & Lowy, D. R. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/297479a0 · Cited by 588
Hauschild, A., Agarwala, S. S., Trefzer, U., Hogg, D., Robert, C., Hersey, P., Eggermont, A. M. M., Grabbe, S., Gonzalez, R. C., Gille, J., et al. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.15.7636 · Cited by 548
Elevated CRAF as a Potential Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to BRAF Inhibition in Melanoma
Montagut, C. O., Sharma, S. V., Shioda, T., McDermott, U., Ulman, M. J., Ulkus, L. E., Dias-Santagata, D. C., Stubbs, H., Lee, D. W., Singh, A., et al. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6787 · Cited by 518
Dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) and cancer
Keyse, S. M. (2008) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-008-9123-1 · Cited by 499
Dougherty, M. K., & Morrison, D. K. (2004) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.01171 · Cited by 468
Distinct requirements for Ras oncogenesis in human versus mouse cellsPreprint
Hamad, N. M., Elconin, J. H., Karnoub, A. E., Bai, W., Rich, J. N., Abraham, R. T., Der, C. J., & Counter, C. M. (2002) · Genes & Development · doi:10.17615/zkd7-3774 · Cited by 439
Wild-Type and Mutant B-RAF Activate C-RAF through Distinct Mechanisms Involving Heterodimerization
Garnett, M. J., Rana, S., Paterson, H., Barford, D., & Marais, R. (2005) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.10.022 · Cited by 416
McCormick, F. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/363015a0 · Cited by 408
Mechanisms of regulating the Raf kinase family
Kopera, H. C., Vikis, H. G., & Guan, K. (2003) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/s0898-6568(02)00139-0 · Cited by 404
LoRusso, P. M., Adjei, A. A., Varterasian, M. L., Gadgeel, S. M., Reid, J. M., Mitchell, D. Y., Hanson, L. J., DeLuca, P., Bruzek, L. M., Piens, J., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.14.415 · Cited by 402
Three human transforming genes are related to the viral ras oncogenes.
Shimizu, K., Goldfarb, M. P., Suard, Y. M. L., Perucho, M., Li, Y., Kamata, T., Feramisco, J. R., Stavnezer, E., Fogh, J. M., & Wigler, M. H. (1983) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.80.8.2112 · Cited by 389
Modulation of signalling by Sprouty: a developing story
Kim, H. J., & Bar‐Sagi, D. (2004) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm1400 · Cited by 382
KSR, a novel protein kinase required for RAS signal transduction
Therrien, M., Chang, H. C., Solomon, N. M., Karim, F. D., Wassarman, D. A., & Rubin, G. M. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90204-x · Cited by 340
KSR modulates signal propagation within the MAPK cascade.
Therrien, M., Michaud, N. R., Rubin, G. M., & Morrison, D. K. (1996) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.10.21.2684 · Cited by 257
LoRusso, P. M., Krishnamurthi, S., Rinehart, J. J., Nabell, L. M., Malburg, L., Chapman, P. B., DePrimo, S. E., Bentivegna, S., Wilner, K. D., Tan, W., et al. (2010) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1883 · Cited by 253
Genetic Predictors of MEK Dependence in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Pratilas, C. A., Hanrahan, A. J., Halilovic, E., Persaud, Y., Soh, J., Chitale, D. A., Shigematsu, H., Yamamoto, H., Sawai, A., Janakiraman, M., et al. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2223 · Cited by 252
Self-citationHaura, E. B., Ricart, A. D., Larson, T. G., Stella, P. J., Bazhenova, L., Miller, V. A., Cohen, R. B., Eisenberg, P. D., Selaru, P., Wilner, K. D., et al. (2010) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1920 · Cited by 237
Flaherty, K. T., Puzanov, I. J., Sosman, J. A., Kim, K., Ribas, A., McArthur, G. A., Lee, R. J., Grippo, J. F., Nolop, K. B., & Chapman, P. B. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9000 · Cited by 229
Ras regulates assembly of mitogenic signalling complexes through the effector protein IMP
Matheny, S. A., Chen, C., Kortum, R. L., Razidlo, G. L., Lewis, R. E., & White, M. A. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02237 · Cited by 217
Potential Tumor Suppressive Pathway Involving DUSP6/MKP-3 in Pancreatic Cancer
Furukawa, T., Sunamura, M., Motoi, F., Matsuno, S., & Horii, A. (2003) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64315-5 · Cited by 216
Analysis of BRAF and N-RAS mutations in metastatic melanoma tissues.
Gorden, A., Osman, I., Gai, W., He, D., Huang, W., Davidson, A., Houghton, A. N., BUSAM, K. J., & Polsky, D. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 212
14-3-3: Modulators of Signaling Proteins?
Morrison, D. K. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7939645 · Cited by 206
Catling, A. D., Schaeffer, H. J., Reuter, C. W., Reddy, G. R., & Weber, M. J. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.10.5214 · Cited by 197
Clinical experience of MEK inhibitors in cancer therapy
Wang, D., Boerner, S. A., Winkler, J. D., & LoRusso, P. M. (2006) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.11.009 · Cited by 171
Lo, T. L., Yusoff, P., Fong, C. W., Guo, K., McCaw, B. J., Phillips, W. A., He, Y., Wong, E. S. M., Leong, H. F., Zeng, Q., et al. (2004) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-1207 · Cited by 171
Fong, C. W., Chua, M., McKie, A. B., Ling, S. H. M., Mason, V., Li, R., Yusoff, P., Lo, T. L., Leung, H. Y., So, S. K., et al. (2006) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1072 · Cited by 150
Friday, B. B., Yu, C., Dy, G. K., Smith, P. D., Wang, L., Thibodeau, S. N., & Adjei, A. A. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1430 · Cited by 146
Dummer, R., Robert, C., Chapman, P. B., Sosman, J. A., Middleton, M. R., Bastholt, L., Kemsley, K., Cantarini, M., Morris, C., & Kirkwood, J. M. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.9033 · Cited by 132
Leboeuf, R., Baumgartner, J. E., Benezra, M., Malaguarnera, R., Solit, D. B., Pratilas, C. A., Rosen, N. X., Knauf, J. A., & Fagin, J. A. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2825 · Cited by 127
Self-citationBrown, A. P., Carlson, T., Loi, C., & Graziano, M. J. (2006) · Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00280-006-0323-5 · Cited by 127
Tsavachidou, D., Coleman, M. L., Athanasiadis, G., Li, S., Licht, J. D., Olson, M. F., & Weber, B. L. (2004) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-1669 · Cited by 118
Sutterlüty, H., Mayer, C., Setinek, U., Attems, J., Ovtcharov, S., Mikula, M., Mikulits, W., Micksche, M., & Berger, W. (2007) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-06-0273 · Cited by 115
R E Board, Ellison, G., Orr, M. C. M., Kemsley, K., McWalter, G., Blockley, L., Dearden, S. P., Morris, C., Ranson, M., Cantarini, M., et al. (2009) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605371 · Cited by 102
Schwartz, G. K., Robertson, S., Shen, A., Wang, E., Pace, L., Dials, H. J., Mendelson, D. S., Shannon, P., & Gordon, M. S. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.3513 · Cited by 95
Design and Synthesis of Orally Bioavailable Benzimidazoles as Raf Kinase Inhibitors
Ramurthy, S., Subramanian, S., Aikawa, M., Amiri, P., Costales, A., Dove, J., Fong, S. K., Jansen, J. M., Levine, B. H., Ma, S., et al. (2008) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm801050k · Cited by 77
Solit, D. B., Santos, E. B., Pratilas, C. A., Lobo, J. M., Moroz, M. A., Cai, S., Blasberg, R., Sebolt, J. S., Larson, S. M., & Rosen, N. X. (2007) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2976 · Cited by 65
Self-citationSprouty2 Association with B-Raf Is Regulated by Phosphorylation and Kinase Conformation
Brady, S. C., Coleman, M. L., Munro, J., Feller, S. M., Morrice, N. A., & Olson, M. F. (2009) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4447 · Cited by 31
Tzekova, V., Cebotaru, C. L., Ciuleanu, T., Damjanov, D., Ganchev, H., Kanarev, V., Stella, P. J., Sanders, N., Pover, G. M., & Hainsworth, J. D. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.8029 · Cited by 27
Chapman, P. B., Puzanov, I. J., Sosman, J. A., Kim, K., Ribas, A., McArthur, G. A., Lee, R., Grippo, J. F., Nolop, K. B., & Flaherty, K. T. (2009) · European Journal of Cancer Supplements · doi:10.1016/s1359-6349(09)72036-1 · Cited by 26
Ogawa, K., Sun, C., & Horii, A. (2005) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.14.6.1481 · Cited by 21
Láng, I., Adenis, A., Boér, K., Escudero, P., Kim, T., Valladares, M., Sanders, N., Pover, G. M., & Douillard, J. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.4114 · Cited by 19
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Tsai, 2006, Development of a novel inhibitor of cogenic b-raf, Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, 47, 2412
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Targeting the MAPK–RAS–RAF signaling pathway in cancer therapy
Santarpia, L., Lippman, S. M., & El‐Naggar, A. K. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.2011.645805 · Cited by 1,082
Signal Transduction in CancerPreprint
Sever, R., & Brugge, J. S. (2015) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006098 · Cited by 1,028
Vemurafenib: the first drug approved for BRAF-mutant cancer
Bollag, G. E., Tsai, J. Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, C., Ibrahim, P. N., Nolop, K. B., & Hirth, P. (2012) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd3847 · Cited by 854
Luca, A. D., Maiello, M. R., D’Alessio, A., Pergameno, M., & Normanno, N. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.2011.639361 · Cited by 748
Steelman, L. S., Chappell, W. H., Abrams, S. L., Kempf, C. R., Long, J., Laidler, P., Mijatovic, S., Maksimovic-Ivanic, D., Stivala, F., Mazzarino, M. C., et al. (2011) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100296 · Cited by 553
Metadata
- Authors
- Pratilas, C. A., & Solit, D. B.
- Affiliations
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Solit, David B.
- Venue
- Clinical Cancer Research
- Published
- 2010-06-30
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 3329-3334
- ISSN
- 1078-0432 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-3265
- PMC
- PMC2912210
- OpenAlex
- W2079576402
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA127240, K08CA127350, P30CA008748, P50CA092629)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Keywords
- MAPK signaling, BRAF V600E mutation, RAS mutations, BRAF inhibitors, vemurafenib, physiological feedback, acquired drug resistance, targeted therapy, combination therapy, predictive biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Humans, Neoplasms, Genes, ras, Signal Transduction, Drug Delivery Systems, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Feedback, Physiological, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review