Cited by 324Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesTryptophan and brain disorders

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First-in-Human Phase I Study of the Oral Inhibitor of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-1 Epacadostat (INCB024360) in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies

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Beatty, Gregory L., O'Dwyer, Peter J., Clark, Jason, Shi, Jack G., Bowman, Kevin J., Scherle, Peggy A., Newton, Robert C., Schaub, Richard, Maleski, Janet, Leopold, Lance, Gajewski, Thomas F.·2017·Clinical Cancer Research

DOI 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2272PMC PMC5496788

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Abstract

Abstract Purpose: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) catalyzes the degradation of tryptophan to N-formyl-kynurenine. Overexpressed in many solid malignancies, IDO1 can promote tumor escape from host immunosurveillance. This first-in-human phase I study investigated the maximum tolerated dose, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of epacadostat (INCB024360), a potent and selective inhibitor of IDO1. Experimental Design: Fifty-two patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with epacadostat [50 mg once daily or 50, 100, 300, 400, 500, 600, or 700 mg twice daily (BID)] in a dose-escalation 3 + 3 design and evaluated in 28-day cycles. Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results: One dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) occurred at the dose of 300 mg BID (grade 3, radiation pneumonitis); another DLT occurred at 400 mg BID (grade 3, fatigue). The most common adverse events in >20% of patients overall were fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspnea, back pain, and cough. Treatment produced significant dose-dependent reductions in plasma kynurenine levels and in the plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio at all doses and in all patients. Near maximal changes were observed at doses of ≥100 mg BID with >80% to 90% inhibition of IDO1 achieved throughout the dosing period. Although no objective responses were detected, stable disease lasting ≥16 weeks was observed in 7 of 52 patients. Conclusions: Epacadostat was generally well tolerated, effectively normalized kynurenine levels, and produced maximal inhibition of IDO1 activity at doses of ≥100 mg BID. Studies investigating epacadostat in combination with other immunomodulatory drugs are ongoing. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3269–76. ©2017 AACR.

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Authors: Beatty, G. L., O'Dwyer, P. J., Clark, J., Shi, J. G., Bowman, K. J., Scherle, P. A., Newton, R. C., Schaub, R., Maleski, J., Leopold, L., & Gajewski, T. F.
Affiliations: Abramson Cancer Center (US)
Incyte (United States) (US)
University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author: Beatty, Gregory L.
ORCID: Beatty, Gregory L.
O'Dwyer, Peter J.
Shi, Jack G.
Scherle, Peggy A.
Newton, Robert C.
Gajewski, Thomas F.
Venue: Clinical Cancer Research
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Published: 2017-07-01
Volume: 23
Issue: 13
Pages: 3269-3276
ISSN: 1078-0432 (ISSN-L)
1557-3265
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2272
PMC: PMC5496788
OpenAlex: W2570766240
Cited by: 314
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 24
FWCI: 18.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Clinical Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: University of Chicago
Abramson Cancer Center
National Cancer Institute (K08CA138907)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: epacadostat, IDO1, IDO1 inhibitors, advanced solid tumors, kynurenine, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, tryptophan degradation, tumor immunosuppression, radiation pneumonitis, dose-limiting toxicity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, anticancer activity, maximum tolerated dose
MeSH terms: Administration, Oral, Adult, Aged, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Neoplasms, Oximes, Sulfonamides, Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

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First-in-Human Phase I Study of the Oral Inhibitor of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-1 Epacadostat (INCB024360) in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies

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