Tumor-intrinsic signaling pathways: key roles in the regulation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
Open accessAbstract
Immunotherapy is a currently popular treatment strategy for cancer patients. Although recent developments in cancer immunotherapy have had significant clinical impact, only a subset of patients exhibits clinical response. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance is necessary. The mechanisms of immune escape appear to consist of two distinct tumor characteristics: a decrease in effective immunocyte infiltration and function and the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment. Several host-derived factors may also contribute to immune escape. Moreover, inter-patient heterogeneity predominantly results from differences in somatic mutations between cancers, which has led to the hypothesis that differential activation of specific tumor-intrinsic pathways may explain the phenomenon of immune exclusion in a subset of cancers. Increasing evidence has also shown that tumor-intrinsic signaling plays a key role in regulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tumor immune escape. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying immune avoidance mediated by tumor-intrinsic signaling may help identify new therapeutic targets for expanding the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.
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In the tumor microenvironment, immunosuppression and tumor evasion strategies cause an inability of the immune cells to detect and eliminate with subsequent exhaustion.
“In the tumor microenvironment, immunosuppression and tumor evasion strategies cause an inability of the immune cells to detect and eliminate with subsequent exhaustion (47).”
From mRNA vaccine with unmodified uridine induces robust type I interferon-dependent anti-tumor immunity in a melanoma model (2022) · cites this paper as [47]
The Background and ‘Effective immunocyte exclusion and dysfunction’ sections describe tumor immune escape through reduced immune-cell infiltration, impaired function, and immunosuppression. The ‘KRAS signaling’ section reports increased T-cell exhaustion markers in a specific mouse lung-cancer model, but the review does not establish subsequent exhaustion as a general consequence for immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Yang, L., Li, A., Lei, Q., & Zhang, Y.
- Affiliations
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (CN)
- Zhengzhou University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Yi
- Venue
- Journal of Hematology & Oncology
- Published
- 2019-11-27
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 125-125
- ISSN
- 1756-8722 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6880373
- OpenAlex
- W2990431514
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 20 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Hematology & Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1804281, 81771781, 81602024)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Keywords
- immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, tumor immune evasion, cancer immunotherapy resistance, immune exclusion, interpatient heterogeneity, somatic mutations, immune cell infiltration, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Tumor Escape, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Tumor Microenvironment
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