Molecular determinants of medulloblastoma metastasis and leptomeningeal dissemination
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain cancer in pediatrics consisting of four molecular subgroups, namely wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4. One of the biggest challenges in the clinical management of this disease is the leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) of tumor cells with high morbidity and mortality. Many molecular regulators to date have been identified to participate in medulloblastoma metastasis. In the SHH subgroup, the co-upregulation of CXCR4 and PDGFR, as well as the activation of c-MET, show significant promigratory effects on medulloblastoma cells. Amplification or overexpression of genes on the long arm of chromosome 17, such as LASP1 and WIP1, facilitates tumor invasion in both Group 3 and Group 4 medulloblastomas. PRUNE1, NOTCH1, and MYC interactor JPO2 are more specific genetic drivers of metastatic Group 3 tumors. The RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways are two crucial signal transduction pathways that may work as the convergent downstream mechanism of various metastatic drivers. Extracellular signals and cellular components in the tumor microenvironment also play a vital role in promoting the spread and colonization of medulloblastoma cells. For instance, the stromal granule cells and astrocytes support tumor growth and dissemination by secreting PlGF and CCL2, respectively. Importantly, the genetic divergence has been determined between the matched primary and metastatic medulloblastoma samples. However, the difficulty of obtaining metastatic medulloblastoma tissue hinders more profound studies of LMD. Therefore, identifying and analyzing the subclone with the metastatic propensity in the primary tumor is essential for future investigation.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
MYC amplifications represent only a small percentage (17%) of the G3 molecular group.
“Although MYC amplifications are a distinguishing feature of G3 medulloblastoma, they represent only a small percentage (17%) of that molecular group (22).”
From The Medulloblastoma Meta-Analysis Portal Enables Integrative Exploration of Clinical and Genomic Data from Patients (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
Cites
2 retracted
Dinh (2010) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo.2010.883 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
RetractedNalla, A. K., Asuthkar, S., Bhoopathi, P., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013006 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
RetractedMolecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: the current consensus
Taylor, M. D., Northcott, P. A., Korshunov, A., Remke, M., Cho, Y.-J., Clifford, S. C., Eberhart, C. G., Parsons, D. W., Rutkowski, S., Gajjar, A., et al. (2012) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0922-z · Cited by 1,936 · see citing works
Medulloblastoma Comprises Four Distinct Molecular Variants
Northcott, P. A., Korshunov, A., Witt, H., Hielscher, T., Eberhart, C. G., Mack, S. C., Bouffet, É., Clifford, S. C., Hawkins, C. E., French, P. J., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.27.4324 · Cited by 1,329 · see citing works
Intertumoral Heterogeneity within Medulloblastoma Subgroups
Cavalli, F. M. G., Remke, M., Rampasek, L., Peacock, J., Shih, D. J. H., Luu, B., Garzia, L., Torchia, J., Nor, C., Morrissy, A. S., et al. (2017) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2017.05.005 · Cited by 1,219 · see citing works
Northcott, P. A., Robinson, G. W., Kratz, C. P., Mabbott, D., Pomeroy, S. L., Clifford, S. C., Rutkowski, S., Ellison, D. W., Malkin, D. M., Taylor, M. D., et al. (2019) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0063-6 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Risk stratification of childhood medulloblastoma in the molecular era: the current consensus
Ramaswamy, V., Remke, M., Bouffet, E., Bailey, S., Clifford, S. C., Doz, F., Kool, M., Dufour, C., Vassal, G., Milde, T., et al. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1569-6 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
MacDonald, T. J., Brown, K. M., LAFLEUR, B. J., et al. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng731 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Gholamin, S., Mitra, S. S., Feroze, A. H., Liu, J., Kahn, S. A., Zhang, M., Esparza, R., Richard, C., Ramaswamy, V., Remke, M., et al. (2017) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2968 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Clonal selection drives genetic divergence of metastatic medulloblastoma
Wu, X., Northcott, P. A., Dubuc, A. M., Dupuy, A. J., Shih, D. J. H., Witt, H., Croul, S. E., Bouffet, É., Fults, D. W., Eberhart, C. G., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10825 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Recurrence patterns across medulloblastoma subgroups: an integrated clinical and molecular analysis
Ramaswamy, V., Remke, M., Bouffet, É., Faria, C. C., Perreault, S., Cho, Y., Shih, D. J. H., Luu, B., Dubuc, A. M., Northcott, P. A., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70449-2 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Resolving medulloblastoma cellular architecture by single-cell genomics
Hovestadt, V., Smith, K. S., Bihannic, L., Filbin, M. G., Shaw, M. L., Baumgartner, A., DeWitt, J. C., Groves, A. P., Mayr, L., Weisman, H. R., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1434-6 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Divergent clonal selection dominates medulloblastoma at recurrence
Morrissy, A. S., Garzia, L., Shih, D. J. H., Zuyderduyn, S., Huang, X., Skowron, P., Remke, M., Cavalli, F. M. G., Ramaswamy, V., Lindsay, P. E., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16478 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Medulloblastoma in the age of molecular subgroups: a review
Juraschka, K., & Taylor, M. D. (2019) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2019.5.peds18381 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Medulloblastomics revisited: biological and clinical insights from thousands of patients
Hovestadt, V., Ayrault, O., Swartling, F. J., Robinson, G. W., Pfister, S. M., & Northcott, P. A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-019-0223-8 · Cited by 271 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The classification of medulloblastoma has evolved from only relying on histopathological features to its combination with molecular characteristics (2).”
BackgroundTargeting Placental Growth Factor/Neuropilin 1 Pathway Inhibits Growth and Spread of Medulloblastoma
Snuderl, M., Batista, A., Kirkpatrick, N. D., de Almodóvar, C. R., Riedemann, L., Walsh, E. C., Anolik, R., Huang, Y., Martin, J. D., Kamoun, W. S., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.036 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
ERBB2 up-regulates S100A4 and several other prometastatic genes in medulloblastoma.
Hernán, R., Fasheh, R., Calabrese, C. R., Frank, A. J., Maclean, K. H., Allard, D., Barraclough, R., & Gilbertson, R. J. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Zhao, X., Ponomaryov, T., Ornell, K. J., et al. (2015) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2999-t · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Weeraratne, S. D., Amani, V. M., Teider, N., Francois, J. P., Winter, D., Kye, M. J., Sengupta, S., Archer, T. C., Remke, M., Bai, A. H. C., et al. (2012) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-012-0969-5 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
A Hematogenous Route for Medulloblastoma Leptomeningeal Metastases
Garzia, L., Kijima, N., Morrissy, A. S., Antonellis, P. D., Stücklin, A. G., Holgado, B., Wu, X., Wang, X., Parsons, M., Zayne, K., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.038 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Chen, H.-H., Yu, H.-I., Cho, W.-C., & Tarn, W.-Y. (2014) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2014.190 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Escudero, L., Llort, A., Arias, A., Díaz‐Navarro, A., Ricarte, F. M., Rubio-Pérez, C., Mayor, R., Caratù, G., Martínez-Sáez, E. A., Méndez, E. V., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19175-0 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Medulloblastoma: From Molecular Subgroups to Molecular Targeted Therapies
Wang, J., Garancher, A., Ramaswamy, V., & Wechsler-Reya, R. J. (2018) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-070815-013838 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
PDGFRB is overexpressed in metastatic medulloblastoma
Gilbertson, R. J., & Clifford, S. C. (2003) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1103-197 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Medulloblastoma subgroups remain stable across primary and metastatic compartments
Wang, X., Dubuc, A. M., Ramaswamy, V., Mack, S. C., Gendoo, D. M. A., Remke, M., Wu, X., Garzia, L., Luu, B., Cavalli, F. M. G., et al. (2015) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-015-1389-0 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
EAG2 potassium channel with evolutionarily conserved function as a brain tumor target
Huang, X., He, Y., Dubuc, A. M., Hashizume, R., Zhang, W., Reimand, J., Yang, H., Wang, T. A., Stehbens, S. J., Younger, S. H., et al. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4088 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, A., Ho, C. S. W., Ponzielli, R., Baršytė-Lovejoy, D., Bouffet, É., Picard, D. J., Hawkins, C. E., & Penn, L. Z. (2005) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0500 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Akino, T., Han, X., Nakayama, H., McNeish, B. L., Zurakowski, D., Mammoto, A., Klagsbrun, M., & Smith, E. R. (2014) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3116 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
FBW7 suppression leads to SOX9 stabilization and increased malignancy in medulloblastoma
Rahmanto, A. S., Savov, V., Brunner, A., Bolin, S., Weishaupt, H., Malyukova, A., Rosén, G., Čančer, M., Hutter, S., Sundström, A., et al. (2016) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201693889 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Gao, R., Zhang, R., Zhang, C., et al. (2018) · Analytical Cellular Pathology · doi:10.1155/2018/9275685 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Yang, W. Q., Senger, D. L., Muzik, H., Shi, Z. Q., Johnson, D., Brasher, P. M. A., Rewcastle, N. B., Hamilton, M. G., Rutka, J., Wolff, J. E. A., et al. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Role of LIM and SH3 Protein 1 (LASP1) in the Metastatic Dissemination of Medulloblastoma
Traenka, C., Remke, M., Korshunov, A., et al. (2010) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0592 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
MicroRNA-21 suppression impedes medulloblastoma cell migration
Grunder, E., D’Ambrosio, R., Fiaschetti, G., Abela, L., Arcaro, A., Zuzak, T. J., Ohgaki, H., Lv, S., Shalaby, T., & Grotzer, M. A. (2011) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2011.06.041 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
MicroRNA-182 promotes leptomeningeal spread of non-sonic hedgehog-medulloblastoma
Bai, A. H. C., Milde, T., Remke, M., Rolli, C. G., Hielscher, T., Cho, Y., Kool, M., Northcott, P. A., Jugold, M., Bazhin, A. V., et al. (2011) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0924-x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Differential patterns of metastatic dissemination across medulloblastoma subgroups
Zápotocký, M., Mata‐Mbemba, D., Sumerauer, D., Libý, P., Lassaletta, Á., Zámečnı́k, J., Krsková, L., Kynčl, M., Starý, J., Laughlin, S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2017.8.peds17264 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Čančer, M., Hutter, S., Holmberg, K. O., Rosén, G., Sundström, A., Tailor, J. K., Bergström, T., Garancher, A., Essand, M., Wechsler‐Reya, R. J., et al. (2019) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2019.10.005 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Silencing of Thrombospondin-1 Is Critical for Myc-Induced Metastatic Phenotypes in Medulloblastoma
Zhou, L., Picard, D. J., Ra, Y., et al. (2010) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4562 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Gadd45a sensitizes medulloblastoma cells to irradiation and suppresses MMP-9–mediated EMT
Asuthkar, S., Nalla, A. K., Gondi, C. S., et al. (2011) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/nor109 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Fiorilli, P. N., Partridge, D. D., Staniszewska, I., Wang, J. Y., Grabacka, M., So, K., Marcinkiewicz, C., Krzysztof Reiss, F., Khalili, K., & Croul, S. E. (2008) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/labinvest.2008.89 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Leptomeningeal dissemination: a sinister pattern of medulloblastoma growth
Fults, D. W., Taylor, M. D., & Garzia, L. (2019) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2018.11.peds18506 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
EphB2 activity plays a pivotal role in pediatric medulloblastoma cell adhesion and invasion
Sikkema, A. H., den Dunnen, W. F. A., Hulleman, E., et al. (2012) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos130 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Notch1 regulates the initiation of metastasis and self-renewal of Group 3 medulloblastoma
Kahn, S. A., Wang, X., Nitta, R. T., Gholamin, S., Theruvath, J. L., Hütter, G., Azad, T. D., Wadi, L., Bolin, S., Ramaswamy, V., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06564-9 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Andolfo, I., Liguori, L., Antonellis, P. D., Cusanelli, E., Marinaro, F., Pistollato, F., Garzia, L., Vita, G. D., Petrosino, G., Accordi, B., et al. (2012) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos002 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Foretinib is effective therapy for metastatic sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma.
Faria, C., Golbourn, B., Dubuc, A., Remke, M., Diaz, R., Agnihotri, S., Luck, A. J., Sabha, N., Olsen, S., Wu, X.-C., et al. (2015) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3629 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The molecular biology of medulloblastoma metastasis
Ommeren, R. V., Garzia, L., Holgado, B., Ramaswamy, V., & Taylor, M. D. (2019) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12811 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
ERK activation of p21 activated kinase-1 (Pak1) is critical for medulloblastoma cell migration
Yuan, L., Santi, M., Rushing, E. J., et al. (2010) · Clinical & Experimental Metastasis · doi:10.1007/s10585-010-9337-9 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Functional Genomics Identifies Drivers of Medulloblastoma Dissemination
Mumert, M. L., Dubuc, A. M., Wu, X., et al. (2012) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1629 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The WIP1 oncogene promotes progression and invasion of aggressive medulloblastoma variants
Buss, M. C., Remke, M., Lee, J. J., et al. (2014) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2014.37 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Yang, S. Y., Choi, S. A., Lee, J. Y., Park, A.-K., Wang, K., Phi, J. H., Koh, E. J., Park, W., Park, S., Hwang, D. W., et al. (2015) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.6227 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Grausam, K. B., Dooyema, S. D. R., Bihannic, L., et al. (2017) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1836 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
TGF-β Determines the Pro-migratory Potential of bFGF Signaling in Medulloblastoma
Kumar, K. S., Neve, A., Stücklin, A. G., Kuzan-Fischer, C. M., Rushing, E. J., Taylor, M. D., Tripolitsioti, D., Behrmann, L., Kirschenbaum, D. S., Grotzer, M. A., et al. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.083 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 activity blocks REST-dependent medulloblastoma cell migration
Callegari, K., Maegawa, S., Bravo-Alegria, J. B., & Gopalakrishnan, V. (2018) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-018-0275-5 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Yuan, L., Zhang, H., Liu, J., Rubin, J. B., Cho, Y., Shu, H. G., Schniederjan, M., & MacDonald, T. J. (2013) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/1476-4598-12-18 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Gao, R., Zhang, R., Zhang, C., et al. (2017) · Tumori Journal · doi:10.5301/tj.5000662 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Merve, A., Dubuc, A. M., Zhang, X., Remke, M., Baxter, P. A., Li, X., Taylor, M. D., & Marino, S. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/2051-5960-2-10 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Liu, H., Sun, Y., O'Brien, J. A., et al. (2019) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/noz214 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Kumar, K. S., Tripolitsioti, D., Ma, M., et al. (2015) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-015-0784-2 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Wei, W., Huang, W., Lin, Y., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp274659 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
BMI1 is a therapeutic target in recurrent medulloblastoma
Bakhshinyan, D., Venugopal, C., Adile, A., Garg, N., Manoranjan, B., Hallett, R. M., Wang, X., Mahendram, S., Vora, P., Vijayakumar, T., et al. (2018) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/s41388-018-0549-9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The role of the membrane cytoskeleton cross-linker ezrin in medulloblastoma cells
Osawa, H., Smith, C. A., Shin, Y. S., Kongkham, P. N., & Rutka, J. T. (2008) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1215/15228517-2008-110 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Dudu, V., Able, R. A., Rotari, V., et al. (2012) · Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering · doi:10.1007/s12195-012-0253-8 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Yogi, K., Epari, S., Goel, N., et al. (2015) · Oncoscience · doi:10.18632/oncoscience.137 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ferrucci, V., Antonellis, P. D., Pennino, F. P., Asadzadeh, F., Virgilio, A., Montanaro, D., Galeone, A., Boffa, I., Pisano, I., Scognamiglio, I., et al. (2018) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awy039 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Rodríguez‐Blanco, J., Li, B., Long, J., Shen, C., Yang, F., Orton, D., Collins, S., Kasahara, N., Ayad, N. G., McCrea, H. J., et al. (2018) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1319 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
IGF1R as a Key Target in High Risk, Metastatic Medulloblastoma
Svalina, M. N., Kikuchi, K., Abraham, J., Lal, S., Davare, M. A., Settelmeyer, T. P., Young, M. C., Peckham, J. L., Cho, Y., Michalek, J. E., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep27012 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Genetic drivers of metastatic dissemination in sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma
Jenkins, N., Kalra, R. R., Dubuc, A. M., Sivakumar, W., Pedone, C. A., Wu, X., Taylor, M. D., & Fults, D. W. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-014-0085-y · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Usp7 promotes medulloblastoma cell survival and metastasis by activating Shh pathway
Zhan, M., Sun, X., Liu, J., Li, Y., Li, Y., He, X., Zhou, Z., & Lu, L. (2017) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.144 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Li, Y., Yu, Z., Jiang, T., Shao, L., Liu, Y., Li, N., Wu, Y., Zheng, C., Wu, X., Zhang, M., et al. (2018) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.13515 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Tripolitsioti, D., Kumar, K. S., Neve, A., Migliavacca, J., Capdeville, C., Rushing, E. J., Ma, M., Kijima, N., Sharma, A., Pruschy, M. N., et al. (2018) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.25294 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Chopra, A., Brown, K. M., Rood, B. R., Packer, R. J., & MacDonald, T. J. (2003) · Pediatric Neurosurgery · doi:10.1159/000071317 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
High OCT4A levels drive tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of medulloblastoma cells
da Silva, P. B. G., dos Santos, M. C. T., Rodini, C. O., et al. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.15163 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Veo, B. L., Danis, E. P., Pierce, A. M., Sola, I., Wang, D., Foreman, N. K., Jin, J. J., Ma, A., Serkova, N. J., Venkataraman, S., et al. (2019) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.122933 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
ID3 contributes to cerebrospinal fluid seeding and poor prognosis in medulloblastoma
Phi, J. H., Choi, S. A., Lim, S.-H., et al. (2013) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-13-291 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Calmodulin-kinases regulate basal and estrogen stimulated medulloblastoma migration via Rac1
Davare, M. A., Saneyoshi, T., & Soderling, T. R. (2010) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-010-0472-6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Chan, T. S. Y., Hawkins, C. E., Krieger, J. R., McGlade, C. J., & Huang, A. (2016) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2194 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Zhu, L., Wu, X., Liu, X., et al. (2020) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlaa041 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gao, R., Lv, G., Zhang, C., Wang, X., & Chen, L. (2018) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2018.8432 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Schönholzer, M. T., Migliavacca, J., Alvarez, E., Kumar, K. S., Neve, A., Gries, A., Ma, M., Grotzer, M. A., & Baumgartner, M. (2020) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1016/j.neo.2020.07.006 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Role of Rac1-regulated signaling in medulloblastoma invasion
Zavarella, S. M., Nakada, M., Belverud, S. A., Coniglio, S. J., Chan, A. Y., Mittler, M. A., Schneider, S. J., & Symons, M. H. (2009) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2009.4.peds08322 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Liu, H., Sun, Q., Zhang, M., Zhang, Z., Fan, X., Yuan, H., Li, C., Guo, Y., Ning, W., Sun, Y., et al. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.15480 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Astrocytes influence medulloblastoma phenotypes and CD133 surface expression
Gronseth, E. I., Gupta, A., Koceja, C., Kumar, S., Kutty, R. G., Rarick, K. R., Wang, L., & Ramchandran, R. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235852 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Crosstalk between SHH and FGFR Signaling Pathways Controls Tissue Invasion in Medulloblastoma
Neve, A., Migliavacca, J., Capdeville, C., Schönholzer, M. T., Gries, A., Ma, M., Kumar, K. S., Grotzer, M. A., & Baumgartner, M. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11121985 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
EGF as a New Therapeutic Target for Medulloblastoma Metastasis
Rico‐Varela, J., Singh, T., McCutcheon, S., & Vázquez, M. (2015) · Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering · doi:10.1007/s12195-015-0395-6 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bhatia, S., Hirsch, K., Bukkapatnam, S., et al. (2017) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-017-0409-7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Chen, B., Gao, Y.-Z., Jiang, T., et al. (2010) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-010-9615-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in metastatic group 3 and 4 medulloblastoma
Low, S. Y. Y., Sulaiman, N. B. S., Tan, E. E. K., et al. (2020) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-020-07048-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Wnt activation affects proliferation, invasiveness and radiosensitivity in medulloblastoma
Salaroli, R., Ronchi, A., Buttarelli, F. R., et al. (2014) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-014-1621-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pan, X., Wang, Z., Wan, B., et al. (2017) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2017.5016 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Niesen, J., Ohli, J., Sedlacik, J., Dührsen, L., Hellwig, M., Spohn, M., Holsten, T., & Schüller, U. (2020) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.028 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Davare, M. A., Lal, S., Peckham, J. L., et al. (2014) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.018 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gangwani, K., Lu, C., Dhanda, S. K., Sioson, E., Zaldívar Peraza, A., Matt, G. Y., Paul, R., Wang, J., Reilly, C., Acić, A., et al. (2025) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-4976 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“%) of that molecular group (22).”
- Authors
- Li, M., Deng, Y., & Zhang, W.
- Affiliations
- Zhujiang Hospital (CN)
- Department of Pediatrics Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Wangming
- Venue
- Molecular Cancer Research
- Published
- 2021-02-19
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 743-752
- ISSN
- 1541-7786 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-3125
- OpenAlex
- W3131954798
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Molecular Cancer Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- none (none)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Brain Metastases and Treatment
- Keywords
- medulloblastoma, leptomeningeal dissemination, metastasis, molecular subtypes, sonic hedgehog subgroup, Group 3 medulloblastoma, Group 4 medulloblastoma, WNT subgroup, CXCR4, PDGFR, c-Met, chromosome 17q, LASP1, Wip1, Notch1, c-Myc, RAS/MAPK pathway, PI3K/Akt signaling, tumor microenvironment, granule cells, astrocytes, placental growth factor, MCP-1, tumor subclones, pediatric brain tumors
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Medulloblastoma, Neoplasm Metastasis, Meningeal Carcinomatosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
