(±)3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (‘Ecstasy’)-Induced Serotonin Neurotoxicity: Clinical Studies
Abstract
(±)3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘Ecstasy’) is a brain serotonergic neurotoxin in experimental animals, including nonhuman primates. It is also an increasingly popular recreational drug of abuse, and doses of MDMA that are used recreationally overlap with those that produce serotonin (5-HT) neurotoxicity in animals. Studies in human MDMA users probing for evidence of brain serotonergic neurotoxicity indicate that some MDMA users may incur MDMA-related 5-HT neural injury and, possibly, functional sequelae. In particular, MDMA users have selective decrements in cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and brain 5-HT transporters, similar to nonhuman primates with documented MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. Functional abnormalities seen in MDMA users that may be related to 5- HT injury include cognitive deficits, altered sleep architecture, altered neuroendocrine function, altered behavioral responses to 5-HT selective drugs, and increased impulsivity. Additional studies in animals, as well as longitudinal and epidemiological studies in MDMA users, are required to confirm and extend the present data, and to determine whether MDMA users are at increased risk for developing neuropsychiatric illness as they age.
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This variability may have affected results, as heavy ecstasy use may cause long-term alterations to serotonergic neurotransmission.
“This may have affected results, as it is possible that heavy ecstasy use causes long-term alterations to serotonergic neurotransmission (McCann et al. 2000; see also Bedi et al., 2008 for discussion of methodological issues).”
From Effects of MDMA on sociability and neural response to social threat and social reward (2009) · cites this paper as McCann et al. 2000
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- Authors
- McCann, U. D., Eligulashvili, V., & Ricaurte, G. A.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- Neuropsychobiology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2000
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-16
- ISSN
- 0302-282X (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0224
- OpenAlex
- W2056429846
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 20.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA05938, DA05707, DA 00206, R01DA005938)
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Keywords
- MDMA, ecstasy, serotonin neurotoxicity, recreational drug use, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, serotonin transporter, cognitive impairment, sleep architecture, impulsivity, neuropsychiatric disorders
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Hallucinogens, Humans, Serotonin, Serotonin Agents, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Neurotoxicity Syndromes
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