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The Role of Oxidative Stress, Metabolic Compromise, and Inflammation in Neuronal Injury Produced by Amphetamine-Related Drugs of Abuse

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Yamamoto, Bryan K., Raudensky, Jamie·2008·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Abstract

Methamphetamine (METH) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) are amphetamine derivatives with high abuse liability. These amphetamine-related drugs of abuse mediate their effects through the acute activation of both dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. Long-term abuse of these amphetamine derivatives, however, results in damage to both dopaminergic and serotonergic terminals throughout the brain. This toxicity is mediated in part by oxidative stress, metabolic compromise, and inflammation. The overall objective of this review is to highlight experimental evidence that METH and MDMA increase oxidative stress, produce mitochondrial dysfunction, and increase inflammation that converge and culminate in the long-term toxicity to dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons.

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  • Long-term use of MPH induces DA neuron loss and microglia activation causing an increase in pro-inflammatory markers TNFα and IL-1β, resulting in activation of neuroinflammation and triggering a neurodegenerative process.

    “Several studies have exposed that the long-term use of MPH induces the DA neuron loss and microglia activation causing an increase in pro-inflammatory markers TNFα and IL-1β, among others, resulting in the activation of neuroinflammation and triggering a neurodegenerative process [192, 193].”

    From Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [193]

    The “Neurotoxicity profile of METH and MDMA” section reports long-lasting dopaminergic deficits and increases in TNF-α and IL-1β for methamphetamine (METH) and MDMA, not methylphenidate (MPH). The “Mechanisms of toxicity > Inflammation” section says microglial activation may contribute to neurotoxicity, but the role of these cytokines remains uncertain. The source therefore supports parts of the proposed pathway for different drugs, not the claim that long-term MPH use causes it. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Authors
Yamamoto, B. K., & Raudensky, J.
Affiliations
Boston University (US)
Corresponding author
Yamamoto, Bryan K.
Venue
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
Published
2008-08-15
Volume
3
Issue
4
Pages
203-217
ISSN
  • 1557-1890 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-1904
OpenAlex
W2135980918
Cited by
167
References
168
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 16
FWCI
1.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA007606)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords
methamphetamine, MDMA, ecstasy, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, dopaminergic neurons, serotonergic neurons, neuronal injury, neurotoxicity, drug abuse
MeSH terms
Amphetamines, Animals, Brain, Humans, Inflammation, Neurons, Illicit Drugs, Oxidative Stress

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