Vasoactive intestinal peptide: an important trophic factor and developmental regulator?
Abstract
It has been proposed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or a very closely related peptide has important actions very early in embryonic development. Recent data supporting this hypothesis are that subnanomolar concentrations of VIP significantly increased the growth rate of cultured embryonic day-9.5 (E9.5) mouse embryos, and that embryos at this and later stages exhibit a high degree of VIP binding in the brain stem and spinal cord. It is not known whether VIP is derived from the fetus, placenta, or mother at these early stages, or whether VIP acts in this culture system in place of a related peptide. The earliest reported expression of VIP in rat embryos is at E13.5, when the peptide and mRNA are expressed transiently in a high percentage of cells in the rat stellate ganglia. The time course of events mapped in other sympathetic ganglia at this stage suggest that transient expression of VIP in the ganglia might function to regulate neuroblast and/or glial cell proliferation, maturation or survival. Tissue culture studies indicate that VIP can support many of these trophic functions at concentrations that are the same or lower than that necessary to increase cAMP levels by way of classical VIP receptors. For example, VIP at 10–10 M stimulates the release of neurotrophic factors from glial cells and maximally stimulates the proliferation of astrocytes. Two VIP receptors encoded on different genes have now been cloned. Both are members of the seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor family and, when expressed in mammalian cells, mediate an increase in cAMP. Cloned forms of each receptor have also been shown to mediate increased intracellular calcium or activate a calcium-activated chloride channel. These or other forms of the receptor may mediate the trophic activities of VIP.
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VIPR2 has several important roles in regulating neurodevelopment and behavior.
“VIPR2 has several important roles in regulating neurodevelopment and behavior (Chaudhury et al., 2008; Harmar et al., 2002; Waschek, 1995).”
From CNVs: Harbingers of a Rare Variant Revolution in Psychiatric Genetics (2012) · cites this paper as Waschek, 1995
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CNVs: Harbingers of a Rare Variant Revolution in Psychiatric Genetics
Malhotra, D., & Sebat, J. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.039 · Cited by 854 · see citing works
Duplications of the neuropeptide receptor gene VIPR2 confer significant risk for schizophrenia
Vacic, V., McCarthy, S., Malhotra, D., Murray, F., Chou, H.-H., Peoples, A., Makarov, V., Yoon, S., Bhandari, A., Corominas, R., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09884 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Nyberg, J., Anderson, M. F., Meister, B., Alborn, A.-M., Ström, A.-K., Brederlau, A., Illerskog, A.-C., Nilsson, O., Kieffer, T. J., Hietala, M. A., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4920-04.2005 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Select cognitive deficits in vasoactive intestinal peptide deficient mice
Chaudhury, D., Loh, D. H., Dragich, J. M., Hagopian, A., & Colwell, C. S. (2008) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-9-63 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
- Authors
- Waschek, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Waschek, James A.
- Venue
- Developmental Neuroscience
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2010-05-28
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-7
- ISSN
- 0378-5866 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-9859
- OpenAlex
- W1993673821
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Developmental Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiovascular, Neuropeptides, and Oxidative Stress Research
- Keywords
- vasoactive intestinal peptide, embryonic development, trophic factors, VIP receptors, G protein-coupled receptors, cAMP signaling, neurotrophic factors, astrocyte proliferation, stellate ganglion, sympathetic ganglia, glial cells, neuroblast proliferation, brainstem, spinal cord, mouse embryo
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Embryo, Mammalian, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Ganglia, Spinal, Ganglia, Sympathetic, Humans, Nerve Growth Factors, Nerve Regeneration, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Wounds and Injuries, Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
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