The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Frailty Syndrome: A Transitional State in a Dynamic Process
Open accessAbstract
Frailty has long been considered synonymous with disability and comorbidity, to be highly prevalent in old age and to confer a high risk for falls, hospitalization and mortality. However, it is becoming recognized that frailty may be a distinct clinical syndrome with a biological basis. The frailty process appears to be a transitional state in the dynamic progression from robustness to functional decline. During this process, total physiological reserves decrease and become less likely to be sufficient for the maintenance and repair of the ageing body. Central to the clinical concept of frailty is that no single altered system alone defines it, but that multiple systems are involved. Clinical consensus regarding the phenotype which constitutes frailty, drawing upon the opinions of numerous authors, shows the characteristics to include wasting (loss of both muscle mass and strength and weight loss), loss of endurance, decreased balance and mobility, slowed performance, relative inactivity and, potentially, decreased cognitive function. Frailty is a distinct entity easily recognized by clinicians, with multiple manifestations and with no single symptom being sufficient or essential in its presentation. Manifestations include appearance (consistent or not with age), nutritional status (thin, weight loss), subjective health rating (health perception), performance (cognition, fatigue), sensory/physical impairments (vision, hearing, strength) and current care (medication, hospital). Although the early stages of the frailty process may be clinically silent, when depleted reserves reach an aggregate threshold leading to serious vulnerability, the syndrome may become detectable by looking at clinical, functional, behavioral and biological markers. Thus, a better understanding of these clinical changes and their underlying mechanisms, beginning in the pre-frail state, may confirm the impression held by many geriatricians that increasing frailty is distinguishable from ageing and in consequence is potentially reversible. We therefore provide an update of the physiopathology and clinical and biological characteristics of the frailty process and speculate on possible preventative approaches.
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Cites
Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype
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A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people
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“If tasks are perceived as more difficult, the likelihood of avoidance of physical effort is increased, and as more occasions of physical effort are avoided, exercise performance continues to decline, contributing to additional physiological decrements in functional reserve capacity, leading to more sarcopenia, which i…”
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The Vulnerable Elders Survey: A Tool for Identifying Vulnerable Older People in the Community
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Cited by
Inflammation and frailty in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Soysal, P., Stubbs, B., Lucato, P., Luchini, C., Solmi, M., Peluso, R., Sergi, G., Isik, A. T., Manzato, E., Maggi, S., et al. (2016) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.006 · Cited by 1,089
Physical Frailty: ICFSR International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Identification and Management
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Montano-Loza, A. J., Angulo, P., Meza-Junco, J., Prado, C. M. M., Sawyer, M. B., Beaumont, C., Esfandiari, N., Ma, M., & Baracos, V. E. (2016) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12039 · Cited by 512
Romero-Ortuno, R., Walsh, C. D., Lawlor, B. A., & Kenny, R. A. (2010) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-10-57 · Cited by 494
Levolger, S., van Vugt, J. L. A., de Bruin, R. W. F., & IJzermans, J. N. M. (2015) · British Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.9893 · Cited by 270
Metadata
- Authors
- Lang, P.-O., Michel, J.-P., & Zekry, D.
- Venue
- Gerontology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 539-549
- ISSN
- 0304-324X (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0003
- OpenAlex
- W1992692008
- Cited by
- 676
- References
- 46
- FWCI
- 14.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
