Age-specific associations between cardiac vagal activity and functional somatic symptoms: a population-based study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Functional somatic symptoms (FSS) are symptoms not explained by underlying organic pathology. It has frequently been suggested that dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) contributes to the development of FSS. We hypothesized that decreased cardiac vagal activity is cross-sectionally and prospectively associated with the number of FSS in the general population. METHODS: This study was performed in a population-based cohort of 774 adults (45.1% male, mean age +/- SD 53.5 +/- 10.7 years). Participants completed the somatization section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview surveying the presence of 43 FSS. ANS function was assessed by spectral analysis of heart rate variability in the high-frequency band (HRV-HF), reflecting cardiac vagal activity. Follow-up measurements of HRV-HF and FSS were performed approximately 2 years later. RESULTS: Linear regression analyses, with adjustments for gender, age, body mass index, anxiety, depression, smoking, alcohol use, and frequency of exercise, revealed an interaction of cardiac vagal activity with age: HRV-HF was negatively associated with FSS in adults 52 years (beta = 0.13, t = 2.51, p = 0.012). Longitudinal analysis demonstrated a similar pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased cardiac vagal activity is associated with a higher number of FSS in adults aged 52 years needs further exploration. The role of age should be acknowledged in future studies on ANS function in the etiology of FSS.
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Recent studies suggest a potential correlation between physiological stress and FSS, with physical inactivity as a potential covariate.
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Myles, A. B., Jones, M. P., Beath, A., Loxton, D. J., & Ejova, A. (2025) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2025.2590067
- Authors
- Tak, L. M., Janssens, K. A. M., Dietrich, A., Slaets, J. P. J., & Rosmalen, J. G. M.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Venue
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 179-187
- ISSN
- 0033-3190 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0348
- OpenAlex
- W2104991730
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Keywords
- functional somatic symptoms, cardiac vagal activity, heart rate variability, high-frequency HRV, autonomic dysfunction, age differences, somatization, aging
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Arousal, Blood Pressure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Electroencephalography, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Fourier Analysis, Heart, Heart Rate, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Prospective Studies, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Somatoform Disorders, Vagus Nerve, Cohort Studies, Health Behavior
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