Cited by 462Nutrition and Health in AgingMuscle Physiology and DisordersMuscle metabolism and nutrition

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Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Aging: Diagnosis, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options - A Mini-Review

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Ali, Sumbul, Garcia, Jose M.·2014·Gerontology

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Abstract

By the year 2050, individuals over the age of 65 years will comprise 20% of the US population. Loss of muscle mass and strength is common in this age group and it is associated with increased dependence, frailty and mortality. Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of muscle mass and function associated with aging, and cachexia, defined as weight loss due to an underlying illness, are muscle wasting disorders of particular relevance in the aging population, but they go largely unrecognized. In this review we highlight the common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying muscle loss in sarcopenia and cachexia, the factors unique to each condition and means of diagnosing and differentiating them clinically. Therapeutic options including exercise, nutritional therapy, androgens and growth hormone as well as their practical limitations are discussed. We also shed light on newer agents being developed as potential therapeutic options for wasting diseases.

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Authors: Ali, S., & Garcia, J. M.
Affiliations: Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center (US)
Venue: Gerontology
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Published: 2014
Volume: 60
Issue: 4
Pages: 294-305
ISSN: 0304-324X (ISSN-L)
1423-0003
DOI: 10.1159/000356760
PMC: PMC4112511
OpenAlex: W2124477946
Cited by: 462
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 2
FWCI: 2.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.karger.com/Services/SiteLicenses (vor)
www.karger.com/Services/SiteLicenses (tdm)
Locations: Gerontology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01 CX000174, I01 BX002807, I01-BX000507)
National Institute on Aging (R03AG040583, AG040583, T32AG000183)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords: sarcopenia, cachexia, aging, muscle atrophy, muscle mass loss, frailty, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, exercise therapy, nutritional therapy, androgens, growth hormone
MeSH terms: Aged, Aging, Androgens, Cachexia, Dietary Proteins, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Muscle Proteins, Receptors, Androgen, Muscle, Skeletal, Appetite Stimulants, Human Growth Hormone, Ghrelin, Sarcopenia

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Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Aging: Diagnosis, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options - A Mini-Review

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