The DOI matches its Crossref record; 124 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neurofeedback, self-regulation and brain imaging: clinical science and fad in the service of mental disorders
Open accessAbstract
Neurofeedback draws on multiple techniques that propel both healthy and patient populations to self-regulate neural activity. Since the 1970s, numerous accounts have promoted electroencephalography-neurofeedback as a viable treatment for a host of mental disorders. Today, while the number of health care providers referring patients to neurofeedback practitioners increases steadily, substantial methodological and conceptual caveats continue to pervade empirical reports. And yet, nascent imaging technologies (e.g., real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging) and increasingly rigorous protocols are paving the road towards more effective applications and a better scientific understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we outline common neurofeedback methods, illuminate the tenuous state of the evidence, and sketch out future directions to further unravel the potential merits of this contentious therapeutic prospect.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In other psychiatric and neurological disorders rtfMRI-NF has shown some clinical potential (Thibault et al., 2015, 2016), showing generalization to NF-free transfer runs and longer-term beneficial effects on cognitive and behavior symptoms of up to several months (Zilverstand et al., 2015).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Thibault et al., 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Toward discovery science of human brain function
Biswal, B. B., Mennes, M., Zuo, X.-N., Gohel, S., Kelly, C., Smith, S. M., Beckmann, C. F., Adelstein, J. S., Buckner, R. L., Colcombe, S., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0911855107 · Cited by 2,970
A Controlled Trial of Arthroscopic Surgery for Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Moseley, J. B., O’Malley, K. J., Petersen, N. J., Menke, T. J., Brody, B. A., Kuykendall, D. H., Hollingsworth, J. C., Ashton, C. M., & Wray, N. P. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa013259 · Cited by 2,262
A spelling device for the paralysed
Birbaumer, N., Ghanayim, N., Hinterberger, T., Iversen, I., Kotchoubey, B., Kübler, A., Perelmouter, J., Taub, E., & Flor, H. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/18581 · Cited by 1,577
Self-citationDefault Mode Network Activity and Connectivity in Psychopathology
Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., & Ford, J. M. (2012) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143049 · Cited by 1,465
Brewer, J. A., Worhunsky, P. D., Gray, J. R., Tang, Y.-Y., Weber, J., & Kober, H. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1112029108 · Cited by 1,409 · cited 1×
“Although EEG-nf researchers have reported post-training changes in objective measures including task performance, quantitative EEG [8–10], and resting-state fMRI [11,12], these effects may result from nonspecific variables including expectation, demand characteristics, and contextual factors such as sitting attentivel…”
BackgroundBiological, clinical, and ethical advances of placebo effects
Finniss, D. G., Kaptchuk, T. J., Miller, F. G., & Benedetti, F. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61706-2 · Cited by 1,309
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Walsh, A. (2014) · Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics · doi:10.4135/9781452274102.n135 · Cited by 1,225
Brain–Computer InterfacesPrinciples and Practice
Wolpaw, J. R., & Wolpaw, E. W. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388855.001.0001 · Cited by 1,134
Slow potentials of the cerebral cortex and behavior.
Birbaumer, N., Elbert, T. R., Canavan, A. G. M., & Rockstroh, B. S. (1990) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1990.70.1.1 · Cited by 1,099
Self-citationA CONTROLLED TRIAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE
Ruce, J. B., Imberly, K., Etersen, A. J. P., Enke, T. E. J. M., Rody, A., Uykendall, D. A. H. K., Ohn, J., Shton, C. A. M. A., & Ray, E. P. W. (2002) · Cited by 1,087
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 126 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rubia, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00100 · Cited by 384
“In other psychiatric and neurological disorders rtfMRI-NF has shown some clinical potential (Thibault et al., 2015, 2016), showing generalization to NF-free transfer runs and longer-term beneficial effects on cognitive and behavior symptoms of up to several months (Zilverstand et al., 2015).”
BackgroundNeurofeedback with fMRI: A critical systematic review
Thibault, R. T., MacPherson, A., Lifshitz, M., Roth, R. R., & Raz, A. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.071 · Cited by 312
Self-citationCurrent Psychosomatic Practice
Fava, G. A., Cosci, F., & Sonino, N. (2017) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000448856 · Cited by 302
The self-regulating brain and neurofeedback: experimental science and clinical promise
Thibault, R. T., Lifshitz, M., & Raz, A. (2016) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.10.024 · Cited by 272
Self-citationElectrical fingerprint of the amygdala guides neurofeedback training for stress resilience
Keynan, J. N., Cohen, A., Jackont, G., Green, N., Goldway, N., Davidov, A., Meir-Hasson, Y., Raz, G., Intrator, N., Fruchter, E., et al. (2018) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0484-3 · Cited by 158
Real‐time f MRI neurofeedback in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Alegria, A. A., Wulff, M., Brinson, H., Barker, G. J., Norman, L. J., Brandeis, D., Stahl, D., David, A. S., Taylor, E., Giampietro, V., et al. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23584 · Cited by 151
Better than sham? A double-blind placebo-controlled neurofeedback study in primary insomnia
Schabus, M., Griessenberger, H., Gnjezda, M.-T., Heib, D. P. J., Wisłowska, M., & Hoedlmoser, K. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx011 · Cited by 143
The psychology of neurofeedback: Clinical intervention even if applied placebo.
Thibault, R. T., & Raz, A. (2017) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000118 · Cited by 149
Self-citationNeurofeedback or neuroplacebo?
Thibault, R. T., Lifshitz, M., & Raz, A. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx033 · Cited by 127
Self-citationRubia, K., Criaud, M., Wulff, M., Alegria, A., Brinson, H., Barker, G., Stahl, D., & Giampietro, V. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.055 · Cited by 111
Computational neuroscience approach to biomarkers and treatments for mental disorders
Yahata, N., Kasai, K., & Kawato, M. (2016) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12502 · Cited by 135
Zhao, Z., Yao, S., Li, K., Sindermann, C., Zhou, F., Zhao, W., Li, J., Lührs, M., Goebel, R., Kendrick, K. M., et al. (2019) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000496057 · Cited by 102
Review of the therapeutic neurofeedback method using electroencephalography: EEG Neurofeedback
Omejc, N., Rojc, B., Battaglini, P. P., & Marusic, U. (2018) · Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences · doi:10.17305/bjbms.2018.3785 · Cited by 91
Wexler, A., & Thibault, R. T. (2018) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-018-0091-2 · Cited by 76
Self-citationA systematic review of fMRI neurofeedback reporting and effects in clinical populations
Tursic, A., Eck, J., Lührs, M., Linden, D. E. J., & Goebel, R. (2020) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102496 · Cited by 70
He, S., Everest-Phillips, C., Clouter, A., Brown, P., & Tan, H. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0208-20.2020 · Cited by 57
When can neurofeedback join the clinical armamentarium?
Thibault, R. T., & Raz, A. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30040-2 · Cited by 53
Self-citationDelineating implicit and explicit processes in neurofeedback learning
Muñoz-Moldes, S., & Axel Cleeremans, B. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.003 · Cited by 59
Treating ADHD With Suggestion: Neurofeedback and Placebo Therapeutics
Thibault, R. T., Veissière, S. P. L., Olson, J. A., & Raz, A. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718770012 · Cited by 46
Self-citationSchmidt, J., & Martin, A. (2016) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2453 · Cited by 50
The climate of neurofeedback: scientific rigour and the perils of ideology
Thibault, R. T., Lifshitz, M., & Raz, A. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx330 · Cited by 43
Self-citationLi, K., Jiang, Y., Gong, Y., Zhao, W., Zhao, Z., Liu, X., Kendrick, K. M., Zhu, C., & Becker, B. (2019) · Neurophotonics · doi:10.1117/1.nph.6.2.025011 · Cited by 41
He, S., Mostofi, A., Syed, E. C. J., Torrecillos, F., Tinkhauser, G., Fischer, P., Pogosyan, A. H., Hasegawa, H., Li, Y., Ashkan, K., et al. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.60979 · Cited by 43
Implicit bias to food and body cues in eating disorders: a systematic review
Paslakis, G., Scholz-Hehn, A. D., Sommer, L. M., & Kühn, S. (2020) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-020-00974-9 · Cited by 40
Conducting decoded neurofeedback studies
Taschereau‐Dumouchel, V., Cortese, A., Lau, H. C., & Kawato, M. (2020) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa063 · Cited by 37
Kober, S. E., Witte, M., Grinschgl, S., Neuper, C., & Wood, G. M. D. O. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.025 · Cited by 38
Neurofeedback for the Education of Children with ADHD and Specific Learning Disorders: A Review
Patil, A. U., Madathil, D., Fan, Y., Tzeng, O. J. L., Huang, C., & Huang, H.-W. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12091238 · Cited by 35
Kober, S. E., Witte, M., Neuper, C., & Wood, G. M. D. O. (2017) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.06.005 · Cited by 30
Berger, L. M., Wood, G. M. D. O., & Kober, S. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.952261 · Cited by 29
Kroemer, N. B., Burrasch, C., & Hellrung, L. (2016) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.06.009 · Cited by 31
Tsuchiyagaito, A., Misaki, M., Kirlić, N., Yu, X., Sánchez, S. M., Cochran, G., Stewart, J. L., Smith, R. S., Fitzgerald, K. D., Rohan, M. L., et al. (2023) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000528377 · Cited by 27
Criaud, M., Wulff, M., Alegría, A. A., Barker, G. J., Giampietro, V., & Rubia, K. (2020) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102311 · Cited by 26
Ethical and Legal Considerations of Alternative Neurotherapies
Nagappan, A., Kalokairinou, L., & Wexler, A. (2021) · AJOB Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/21507740.2021.1896601 · Cited by 21
Decoding Attentional State to Faces and Scenes Using EEG Brainwaves
Abiri, R., Borhani, S., Jiang, Y., & Zhao, X. (2019) · Complexity · doi:10.1155/2019/6862031 · Cited by 19
Farkhondeh Tale Navi, F., Heysieattalab, S., Ramanathan, D. S., Raoufy, M. R., & Nazari, M. A. (2022) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.004 · Cited by 19
A meta‐analysis of neurofeedback for treating anxiety‐spectrum disorders
Russo, G. M., Balkin, R. S., & Lenz, A. S. (2022) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12424 · Cited by 18
The efficacy of biofeedback for the treatment of insomnia: a critical review
Lovato, N., Miller, C. B., Gordon, C. J., Grunstein, R. R., & Lack, L. C. (2018) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.12.011 · Cited by 17
Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Gonçalves, Ó. F., Batistuzzo, M. C., & Sato, J. R. (2017) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s121139 · Cited by 17
Adhia, D. B., Mani, R., Turner, P. R., Vanneste, S., & Ridder, D. D. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12111514 · Cited by 15
Neuroenhancement for Sale: Assessing the Website Claims of Neurofeedback Providers in the USA
Wexler, A., Nagappan, A., Kopyto, D., & Choi, R. J. (2020) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-020-00170-8 · Cited by 16
Sensorimotor rhythm neurofeedback training relieves anxiety in healthy people
Liu, S., Hao, X., Liu, X., He, Y., Zhang, L., An, X., Song, X., & Ming, D. (2021) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-021-09732-8 · Cited by 15
Does Leadership Development Need to Care About Neuro-Ethics?
Lindebaum, D., Al‐Amoudi, I., & Brown, V. L. (2017) · Academy of Management Learning and Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2016.0220 · Cited by 18
Editorial Perspective: Defining neurofeedback and its functional processes
Cannon, R. L. (2015) · NeuroRegulation · doi:10.15540/nr.2.2.60 · Cited by 15
Learning 2-in-1: Towards Integrated EEG-fMRI-NeurofeedbackPreprint
Perronnet, L., Lécuyer, A., Mano, M., Fleury, M., Lioi, G., Cury, C., Clerc, M., Lotte, F., & Barillot, C. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/397729 · Cited by 15
Phenomenal transparency, cognitive extension, and predictive processing
Facchin, M. (2022) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-022-09831-9 · Cited by 15
Neurofeedback as placebo: a case of unintentional deception?
Kalokairinou, L., Sullivan, L. S., & Wexler, A. (2021) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2021-107435 · Cited by 15
Jensen, M., Hüttenrauch, E., Schmidt, J., Andersson, G., Chavanon, M., & Weise, C. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04309-y · Cited by 13
Li, K., Yang, J., Becker, B., & Li, X. (2023) · Neurophotonics · doi:10.1117/1.nph.10.2.025011 · Cited by 10
Additive effects of EEG neurofeedback on medications for ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lin, F.-L., Sun, C., Cheng, Y., Wang, M. Y., Chung, W., Tzang, R., Chiu, H., Cheng, Y., & Tu, K.-Y. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-23015-0 · Cited by 11
Peering into the mind? The ethics of consumer neuromonitoring devices
McCall, I. C., & Wexler, A. (2020) · Developments in neuroethics and bioethics · doi:10.1016/bs.dnb.2020.03.001 · Cited by 12
Tarrant, J. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.93781 · Cited by 11
Kalokairinou, L., Choi, R. J., Nagappan, A., & Wexler, A. (2022) · Neuroethics · doi:10.1007/s12152-022-09506-x · Cited by 11
Perez, T. M., Glue, P., Adhia, D. B., Navid, M. S., Zeng, J., Dillingham, P., Smith, M., Niazi, I. K., Young, C. K., & De Ridder, D. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06863-z · Cited by 8
Transforming Minds AI and Machine Learning Applications in Cognitive Neuroscience
Murthy, Y. S., Bansal, R., Chodisetty, R. S. C. M., Chakravorty, C. S., & Sai, K. P. (2025) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9341-3.ch005 · Cited by 10
Neurofeedback in Substance Use and Overeating: Current Applications and Future Directions
Schmidt, J., Kärgel, C., & Opwis, M. (2017) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-017-0137-z · Cited by 10
Sun, H., Yu, Y., & Peng, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1352342 · Cited by 15
Noble, S.-C., Woods, E., Ward, T. E., & Ringwood, J. V. (2024) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ad2c9e · Cited by 7
Fathi, M., Ebrahimi, M. N., Banazadeh, M., Shirvani, A., Kamalahmadi, N., Amiri, H., & Talaeı, A. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116474 · Cited by 7
Impact of placebo-related instruction on HEG biofeedback outcomes in children with ADHD
Skalski‐Bednarz, S. B. (2020) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2020.1861546 · Cited by 7
Kober, S. E., Buchrieser, F., & Wood, G. M. D. O. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18931 · Cited by 6
Wimmer, J., Rösch, S. A., Schmidt, R., & Hilbert, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1234085 · Cited by 6
Noble, S.-C., Woods, E., Ward, T. E., & Ringwood, J. V. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/46135 · Cited by 6
Perspectives on Type III Statistical Errors: Exaggerating the Effects of Placebo in Neurofeedback
Trullinger, M., Novian, A., Russell‐Chapin, L. A., & Pradhan, D. (2019) · NeuroRegulation · doi:10.15540/nr.6.1.38 · Cited by 6
Méndez, P. G., Sitaram, R., Stanley, J. A., & Climent, J. R. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11236909 · Cited by 6
Finding the EEG Footprint of Stress Resilience
Hasan, R. A., Ali, S. S. A., Tang, T. B., & Yusoff, M. S. B. (2022) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-2183-3_76 · Cited by 6
Fietz, J., Auer, G. A., Plener, P. L., Poustka, L., & Konicar, L. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-16767-y · Cited by 5
Li, Z., Ren, H., Tian, Y., Zhou, J., Chen, W., Ouyang, G., Chen, Z., Yi, W., Song, H., Xie, P. P., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1472671 · Cited by 5
Driver State Regulation via Real-Time Neurofeedback in Partially Automated Driving
Nobari, K. D., Bartsch, K., Albers, F., & Bertram, T. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) · doi:10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294349 · Cited by 5
Ghaziri, J., & Thibault, R. T. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816179-1.00019-0 · Cited by 5
Self-citationMuller, C., Prampart, T., Bannier, É., Corouge, I., & Maurel, P. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0331177 · Cited by 4
How to Improve Cognitive Flexibility: Evidence From Noninvasive Neuromodulation Techniques
Akbari‐Gharalari, N., Fallahi, S., Nakhjiri, E., Hosseini, L., Pakkhou, S., Havaei, N., Khodakarimi, S., Shahabi, P., Jafarzadehgharehziaaddin, M., & Zangbar, H. S. (2025) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.70613 · Cited by 7
Lysen, F. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14323-7_2 · Cited by 4
Efficacy of low-cost wireless neurofeedback to modulate brain activity during motor imagery
Power, L., Neyedli, H. F., Boe, S. G., & Bardouille, T. (2020) · Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express · doi:10.1088/2057-1976/ab872c · Cited by 4
Spontaneous Modulation of Standard EEG Frequency Bands During a Neurofeedback‐Like Task
Maaz, J., Paban, V., Waroquier, L., & Rey, A. (2025) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.70163 · Cited by 6
What Is Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)?
Chaudhary, U. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-78991-5_1 · Cited by 3
Perez, T. M., Glue, P., Adhia, D. B., Smith, M. J., Ridder, D. D., Zeng, J., Dillingham, P. W., & Niazi, I. K. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-173667/v1 · Cited by 3
Neurofeedback Basics and Applications
Chaudhary, U. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76081-5_10 · Cited by 2
Neurofeedback: Applications, advancements, and future directions
Jubair, H., Islam, M. M., Sarker, A. K., Mehenaz, M., Akter, F., & Yeasmin, N. (2025) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports · doi:10.1002/pcn5.70259 · Cited by 2
Francis, M., Markus, A., Stuhr-Wulff, F., & Shamay‐Tsoory, S. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.114894 · Cited by 5
The Effectiveness of Neurofeedback in an Outpatient Setting: A Multilevel Modeling Approach
Ward, K. P., Porter, N. A., & Wood, D. S. (2019) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731519831355 · Cited by 2
Uludağ, K. (2022) · Scientific Studios on Social and Political Psychology · doi:10.33120/sssppj.vi49(52).263 · Cited by 2
Vieira, F. F. P. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7592427/v1 · Cited by 2
Neff, P. K. A., & Meyer, M. E. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35647-6_51 · Cited by 1
How Much Is the National Institute of Mental Health Spending on Studying Psychotherapy?
Galves, A., Hahn, P. D., Foreman, W., Zilberstein, K., Michaels, L. L., & Cole, M. (2025) · Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1891/ehpp-2024-0022 · Cited by 1
The genetic and somatic expressions of trauma: A review of pathology and treatment
Gorra, N. (2022) · International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation · doi:10.54660/anfo.2022.3.6.10 · Cited by 1
Ledwidge, P. S., Hartland, L. C., Brickman, K., Burkhart, S. O., & Abt, J. P. (2024) · Journal of Sport Rehabilitation · doi:10.1123/jsr.2024-0103 · Cited by 1
Perez, T. M., Adhia, D. B., Glue, P., Zeng, J., Dillingham, P. W., Navid, M. S., Niazi, I. K., Young, C. K., Smith, M. L., & Ridder, D. J. M. K. D. (2025) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-025-01279-z · Cited by 2
Mills, L., Schwenn, P., Mitchell, J., Anijärv, T. E., Driver, C., Boyes, A., Prince, T., Sacks, D. D., & Hermens, D. F. (2025) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109019 · Cited by 1
Entspannungsverfahren in der Psychiatrie
Zaudig, M., & Teicher, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_46
The Proposal of Investigating the Possible Extraversion Effect in the Neurofeedback
Vorkapić, S. T. (2017) · International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5923/j.ijpbs.20170704.04
He, W., Bu, H., Tong, L., Liu, F., Zeng, Y., Wang, L., & Yan, B. (2017) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7507/1001-5515.201605037
Méndez, P. G., Sitaram, R., Stanley, J. A., & Rodiño, J. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.08.09.20159319
Entspannungsverfahren in der Psychiatrie
Zaudig, M., & Teicher, M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45028-0_46-1
Schmiedeke, D. (2020) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-8098 · Cited by 1
Rasmijn, A. (2022) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20220315ar
(2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410513-3.00033-4
(2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816179-1.00042-6
The Brain Jogging Training: Solution for Increasing Playing Skill in Field Hockey Athlete
Budiman, A., & Pasaribu, A. M. N. (2023) · Journal Coaching Education Sports · doi:10.31599/jces.v4i2.2145
Preventions and interventions for health promotion
Tang, Y., & Tang, R. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15602-1.00010-0
Frei, N., Pamplona, G. S. P., Haugg, A., & Brem, S. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.25341820
Metadata
- Authors
- Thibault, R. T., Lifshitz, M., Birbaumer, N., & Raz, A.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital (IT)
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (CA)
- Venue
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 193-207
- ISSN
- 0033-3190 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0348
- OpenAlex
- W1491964194
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 1.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Mind and Life Institute
- Volkswagen Foundation
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- neurofeedback, self-regulation, EEG, mental illness, evidence base, treatment efficacy, methodological limitations
- MeSH terms
- Self-Control, Clinical Studies as Topic, Mental Disorders, Brain, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurofeedback
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
