The DOI matches its Crossref record; 481 of the 481 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Function in Human Cancer: An Overview
Open accessAbstract
Cancer is a disease caused by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes in two types of genes: tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and proto-oncogenes. Extensive research has been conducted over the last few decades to elucidate the role of TSGs in cancer development. In cancer, loss of TSG function occurs via the deletion or inactivation of two alleles, according to Knudson’s two-hit model hypothesis. It has become clear that mutations in TSGs are recessive at the level of an individual cell; therefore, a single mutation in a TSG is not sufficient to cause carcinogenesis. However, many studies have identified candidate TSGs that do not conform with this standard definition, including genes inactivated by epigenetic silencing rather than by deletion. In addition, proteasomal degradation by ubiquitination, abnormal cellular localization, and transcriptional regulation are also involved in the inactivation of TSGs. This review incorporates these novel additional mechanisms of TSG inactivation into the existing two-hit model and proposes a revised multiple-hit model that will enable the identification of novel TSGs that can be used as prognostic and predictive biomarkers of cancer.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Roman-Gomez, J., Jimenez-Velasco, A., Castillejo, J. A., Agirre, X., Barrios, M., Navarro, G., Molina, F. J., Calasanz, M. J., Prosper, F., Heiniger, A., et al. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-03-0954 · Cited by 208
RetractedEsteller, M. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra072067 · Cited by 3,662
DNA damage response as a candidate anti-cancer barrier in early human tumorigenesis
Bartkova, J., Hořejší, Z., Koed, K., Krämer, A., Tort, F., Zieger, K., Guldberg, P., Sehested, M., Nesland, J. M., Lukas, C., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03482 · Cited by 2,688
DPC4 , A Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene at Human Chromosome 18q21.1
Hahn, S. A., Schutte, M., Shamsul Hoque, A. T. M., Moskaluk, C. A., da Costa, L. T., Rozenblum, E., Weinstein, C. L., Fischer, A., Yeo, C. J., Hruban, R. H., et al. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5247.350 · Cited by 2,337
Chromosome 17 Deletions and p53 Gene Mutations in Colorectal Carcinomas
Baker, S. J., Fearon, E. R., Nigro, J. M., Hamilton, S. R., Preisinger, A. C., Jessup, J. M., vanTuinen, P., Ledbetter, D. H., Barker, D. F., Nakamura, Y., et al. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2649981 · Cited by 2,066
The HPV-16 E6 and E6-AP complex functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase in the ubiquitination of p53
Scheffner, M., Huibregtse, J. M., Vierstra, R. D., & Howley, P. M. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90384-3 · Cited by 2,054
A gene hypermethylation profile of human cancer.
Esteller, M., Corn, P. G., Baylin, S. B., & Herman, J. G. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 2,032
Transcriptional control of human p53-regulated genes
Riley, T., Sontag, E., Chen, P., & Levine, A. (2008) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2395 · Cited by 1,921
Identification of a Chromosome 18q Gene that Is Altered in Colorectal Cancers
Fearon, E. R., Cho, K. R., Nigro, J. M., Kern, S. E., Simons, J. W., Ruppert, J. M., Hamilton, Preisinger, A. C., Thomas, G., Kinzler, K. W., et al. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2294591 · Cited by 1,739
Zhang, Y., Xiong, Y., & Yarbrough, W. G. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81401-4 · Cited by 1,626
Cited by
Regulating tumor suppressor genes: post-translational modifications
Chen, L., Liu, S., & Tao, Y. (2020) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-020-0196-9 · Cited by 449
RosettaDDGPrediction for high‐throughput mutational scans: From stability to binding
(2022) · doi:10.1002/pro.4527 · Cited by 90
Ansari, M. A., Thiruvengadam, M., Venkidasamy, B., Alomary, M. N., Salawi, A., Chung, I.-M., Shariati, M. A., & Rebezov, M. (2022) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.04.005 · Cited by 63
Zhong, G., Zhao, Y., Zhuang, D., Chung, W. K., & Shen, Y. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62318-4 · Cited by 15
Recruiting Immunity for the Fight against Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Challenges
Al-Hujaily, E. M., Al-Sowayan, B. S., Alyousef, Z., Uddin, S., & Alammari, F. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232213696 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, L.-H., Wu, C.-F., Rajasekaran, N., & Shin, Y. K.
- Venue
- Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2647-2693
- ISSN
- 1015-8987 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-9778
- OpenAlex
- W2903826068
- Cited by
- 334
- References
- 481
- FWCI
- 9.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Function in Human Cancer: An Overview. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1159/000495956
- The paper
- Wang, L.-H., Wu, C.-F., Rajasekaran, N., & Shin, Y. K. (2018). Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Function in Human Cancer: An Overview. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1159/000495956
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
