Should oral anticoagulants be restarted after warfarin-associated cerebral haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation?
Abstract
Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), which affects up to 1% of patients on oral anticoagulation per year, is the most feared and devastating complication of this treatment. After such an event, it is unclear whether anticoagulant therapy should be resumed. Such a decision hinges upon the assessment of the competing risks of haematoma growth or recurrent ICH and thromboembolic events. ICH location and the risk for ischaemic cerebrovascular event seem to be the key factors that lead to risk/benefit balance of restarting anticoagulation after ICH. Patients with lobar haemorrhage or cerebral amyloid angiopathy remain at higher risk for anticoagulant-related ICH recurrence than thromboembolic events and, therefore would be best managed without anticoagulants. Patients with deep hemispheric ICH and a baseline risk of ischemic stroke >6.5% per year, that corresponds to CHADS2≥ 4 or CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 5, may receive net benefit from restarting anticoagulation. To date, a reasonable recommendation regarding time to resumption of anticoagulation therapy would be after 10 weeks. Available data regarding the role of magnetic resonance imaging in assessing the risks of both ICH and warfarin-related ICH do not support the use of this test for excluding anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation.
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No prospective studies have investigated the benefit or risk of initiation of oral anticoagulation after intracranial haemorrhage, and patients with a history of intracranial bleeding were excluded from randomized trials comparing NOACs with VKAs.
“No prospective studies have investigated the benefit or risk of the initiation of OAC after intracranial haemorrhage, 483 and patients with a history of intracranial bleeding were excluded from the randomized trials comparing NOACs with VKAs.”
From 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS (2016) · cites this paper as [483]
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- Authors
- Agnelli, G., & Paciaroni, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Perugia (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Paciaroni, Maurizio
- Venue
- Thrombosis and Haemostasis
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 01
- Pages
- 14-18
- ISSN
- 0340-6245 (ISSN-L)
- 2567-689X
- OpenAlex
- W2029248664
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 5.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Thrombosis and Haemostasis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Keywords
- oral anticoagulation, warfarin, cerebral hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, atrial fibrillation, thromboembolic risk, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, lobar hemorrhage, CHA2DS2-VASc score, CHADS2 score, magnetic resonance imaging, risk-benefit assessment
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Aged, Anticoagulants, Atrial Fibrillation, Brain, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Microcirculation, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Risk, Thromboembolism, Warfarin, Intracranial Hemorrhages, Stroke
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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