Cited by 1,385Cardiovascular Health and Disease PreventionCardiac Imaging and DiagnosticsNitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prognostic Value of Coronary Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction

Halcox, Julian P.J., Schenke, William H., Zalos, Gloria, Mincemoyer, Rita, Prasad, Abhiram, Waclawiw, Myron A., Nour, Khaled R.A., Quyyumi, Arshed A.·2002·Circulation

DOI 10.1161/01.cir.0000025404.78001.d8

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background — Whether patients at increased risk can be identified from a relatively low-risk population by coronary vascular function testing remains unknown. We investigated the relationship between coronary endothelial function and the occurrence of acute unpredictable cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and unstable angina) in patients with and without coronary atherosclerosis (CAD). Methods and Results — We measured the change in coronary vascular resistance (ΔCVR) and epicardial diameter with intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh, 15 μg/min) to test endothelium-dependent function and sodium nitroprusside (20 μg/min) and adenosine (2.2 mg/min) to test endothelium-independent vascular function in 308 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization (132 with and 176 without CAD). Patients underwent clinical follow-up for a mean of 46±3 months. Acute vascular events occurred in 35 patients. After multivariate analysis that included CAD and conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis, ΔCVR with ACh ( P =0.02) and epicardial constriction with ACh ( P =0.003), together with increasing age, CAD, and body mass index, were independent predictors of adverse events. Thus, patients in the tertile with the best microvascular responses with ACh and those with epicardial dilation with ACh had improved survival by Kaplan-Meier analyses in the total population, as did those in the subset without CAD. Similar improvement in survival was also observed when all adverse events, including revascularization, were considered. Endothelium-independent responses were not predictive of outcome. Conclusions — Epicardial and microvascular coronary endothelial dysfunction independently predict acute cardiovascular events in patients with and without CAD, providing both functional and prognostic information that complements angiographic and risk factor assessment.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1161/01.cir.0000025404.78001.d8

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Effects of an Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitor, Ramipril, on Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients
(2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200001203420301 · Cited by 8,663
Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
OLSSON, A. G., McMurray, J. J. V., Thorgeirsson, G., Spaulding, C. M., Slattery, J., Pyörälà, K., Færgeman, O., Wright, R. S., Berg, K. M., Wilhelmsen, L., et al. (1994) · The Lancet · Cited by 8,467
SAS user's guide
Barr, A. J. (1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,198
Prevention of Cardiovascular Events and Death with Pravastatin in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and a Broad Range of Initial Cholesterol Levels
(1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199811053391902 · Cited by 5,261
Nuclear Factor-κB — A Pivotal Transcription Factor in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Barnes, P. J., & Karin, M. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199704103361506 · Cited by 4,622
Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients
Altman, R., Carreras, L., Díaz, R. S., Figueroa, E. B., Paolasso, E., Parodi, J. C., Cade, J. F., Donnan, G. A., Eadie, M. J., Gavaghan, T. P., et al. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6921.81 · Cited by 4,204
Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress
Cai, H., & Harrison, D. G. (2000) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.87.10.840 · Cited by 3,839
COLLABORATIVE OVERVIEW OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS OF ANTIPLATELET THERAPY .1. PREVENTION OF DEATH, MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, AND STROKE BY PROLONGED ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF PATIENTS
Altman, R., Carreras, L., Díaz, R. S., Figueroa, E. B., Paolasso, E., Parodi, J. C., Cade, J. F., Donnan, G. A., Eadie, M. J., Gavaghan, T. P., et al. (1994) · Cited by 3,322
Prognostic Impact of Coronary Vasodilator Dysfunction on Adverse Long-Term Outcome of Coronary Heart Disease
Schächinger, V., Britten, M. B., & Zeiher, A. M. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.16.1899 · Cited by 2,589
Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases and matrix degrading activity in vulnerable regions of human atherosclerotic plaques.
Galis, Z. S., Sukhova, G. K., Lark, M. W., & Libby, P. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117619 · Cited by 2,537

Show all 24 references

Research works printed but not linked: 7

10.1161/circ.101.16.1899 · DOI
10.1161/circ.101.9.948 · DOI
10.1161/res.87.10.840 · DOI
10.1161/circ.103.15.1936 · DOI
10.1161/atvb.17.12.3376 · DOI
10.1161/circ.98.1.17 · DOI
1994, Lancet, 344, 1383

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 999

Lipoproteins as modulators of atherothrombosis: From endothelial function to primary and secondary coagulation
Ouweneel, A. B., & Eck, M. V. (2015) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2015.10.009 · Cited by 60
Noninvasive assessment of coronary vasodilation using magnetic resonance angiography
Terashima, M., Meyer, C. H., Keeffe, B. G., Putz, E. J., de la Peña-Almaguer, E., Yang, P. C.-M., Hu, B. S., Nishimura, D. G., & McConnell, M. V. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.09.057 · Cited by 58
Plasma Tetrahydrobiopterin/Dihydrobiopterin Ratio A Possible Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction
Takeda, M., Yamashita, T., Shinohara, M., Sasaki, N., Takaya, T., Nakajima, K., Inoue, N., Masano, T., Tawa, H., Satomi‐Kobayashi, S., et al. (2009) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-08-0850 · Cited by 58
Myocardial perfusion reserve and peripheral endothelial function in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Stolen, K. Q., Kemppainen, J., Kalliokoski, K. K., Karanko, H., Toikka, J., Janatuinen, T., Raitakari, O. T., Airaksinen, J. K. E., Nuutila, P., & Knuuti, J. M. (2003) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.08.074 · Cited by 58
Regulation of the human coronary microcirculation
Beyer, A., & Gutterman, D. D. (2011) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.10.003 · Cited by 57
“To the extent that microcirculatory abnormalities predict large vessel dysfunction and atherosclerosis [20], the specific mediators of dilation (NO, prostaglandins, EET, hydrogen peroxide) may have very different effects on prognosis and propensity for atherosclerosis.”
Background
Low testosterone in men predicts impaired arterial elasticity and microvascular function
Corrigan, F. E., Mheid, I. A., Eapen, D. J., Hayek, S. S., Sher, S., Martin, G. S., & Quyyumi, A. A. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.065 · Cited by 57
“Briefly, the brachial artery of the nondominant arm was imaged using a high-resolution 10 MHz ultrasound transducer (Acuson) [26].”
Self-citation
Endothelial function and clinical outcome
Vita, J. A. (2005) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.061333 · Cited by 57
Coronary and Peripheral Vasomotor Responses to Mental Stress
Hammadah, M., Kim, J. H., Mheid, I. A., Tahhan, A. S., Wilmot, K. A., Ramadan, R., Alkhoder, A. A., Khayata, M., Mekonnen, G., Levantsevych, O. M., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.008532 · Cited by 57
“Endothelial dysfunction is a precursor for the development and progression of CAD, and both epicardial and microvascular responses to acetylcholine are predictive of future risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.(20,21) An impaired response to acetylcholine is indicative of reduced endothelial production of nitric ox…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Gene transfer of extracellular superoxide dismutase protects against vascular dysfunction with aging
Brown, K. A., Chu, Y., Lund, D. D., Heistad, D. D., & Faraci, F. M. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00676.2005 · Cited by 57
“Endothelial dysfunction has emerged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events (20, 34).”
Background
Endothelium in Coronary Macrovascular and Microvascular Diseases
Godo, S., Takahashi, J., Yasuda, S., & Shimokawa, H. (2021) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0000000000001089 · Cited by 56
Presence of Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction, Coronary Vasospasm, and Adenosine-Mediated Vasodilatory Disorders in Patients With Ischemia and Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Feenstra, R. G. T., Boerhout, C. K. M., Woudstra, J., Vink, C. E. M., Wittekoek, M. E., de Waard, G. A., Appelman, Y., Eringa, E. C., Marques, K. M., de Winter, R. J., et al. (2022) · Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1161/circinterventions.122.012017 · Cited by 56
Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation Could Be Associated With Long-Term Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction
大畑, 正., 飯田, 守., Seung, K.-B., 冨田, 悦., Kim, M.-J., Chang, K., Lim, S. M., Jeon, D. S., Chung, W. S., Baek, S. H., et al. (2007) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.48.553 · Cited by 56
NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species contribute to impaired cutaneous microvascular function in chronic kidney disease
DuPont, J. J., Ramick, M. G., Farquhar, W. B., Townsend, R. R., & Edwards, D. G. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00058.2014 · Cited by 57
Nitric Oxide-Related Biological Pathways in Patients with Major Depression
Baranyi, A., Amouzadeh-Ghadikolai, O., Rothenhäusler, H., Theokas, S., Robier, C., Baranyi, M., Koppitz, M., Reicht, G., Hlade, P., & Meinitzer, A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143397 · Cited by 56
“Independently from the mental state of a person, endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and is defined by the reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), which plays an important role in flow-mediated vasodilatation [5,6].”
Background
Body Mass Index Is Associated With Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Treated Metabolic Risk Factors and Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
van der Heijden, D. J., van Leeuwen, M. A. H., Janssens, G. N., Lenzen, M. J., van de Ven, P. M., Eringa, E. C., & van Royen, N. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.117.006082 · Cited by 56
Negative impact of depression on outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease: mechanisms, treatment considerations, and future directions
Shimbo, D., Davidson, K. W., Haas, D. C., Fuster, V., & Badimón, J. J. (2005) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.01084.x · Cited by 57
Acute Effects of an Oral Nitric Oxide Supplement on Blood Pressure, Endothelial Function, and Vascular Compliance in Hypertensive Patients
Houston, M. C., & Hays, L. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12352 · Cited by 57
Vasodilator responses and endothelin-dependent vasoconstriction in metabolically healthy obesity and the metabolic syndrome
Schinzari, F., Iantorno, M., Campia, U., Mores, N., Rovella, V., Tesauro, M., Daniele, N. D., & Cardillo, C. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00278.2015 · Cited by 56
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in U.S. Military Centers
Thomas, J. E., Kang, S., Wyatt, C. J., Kim, F. S., Mangelsdorff, A. D., & Weigel, F. K. (2018) · Texas Heart Institute Journal · doi:10.14503/thij-16-6052 · Cited by 55
Enhanced Coronary Calcification Determined by Electron Beam CT Is Strongly Related to Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Huang, P., Chen, L.-C., Leu, H., Ding, P. Y., Chen, J., Wu, T.-C., & Lin, S. (2005) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.128.2.810 · Cited by 55
Does endothelial dysfunction contribute to the clinical status of patients with peripheral arterial disease?
Vita, J. A., & Hamburg, N. M. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0828-282x(10)71062-x · Cited by 54
Current diagnostic concepts to detect coronary artery disease in women
Stangl, V., Witzel, V., Baumann, G., & Stangl, K. (2008) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn047 · Cited by 54
Differences in Myocardial Structure and Coronary Microvasculature Between Men and Women With Coronary Artery Disease
Campbell, D. J., Somaratne, J., Jenkins, A. J., Prior, D., Yii, M. Y., Kenny, J. F., Newcomb, A. E., Kelly, D. J., & Black, M. J. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.165043 · Cited by 54
Periodontal therapy and endothelial function in coronary artery disease: A randomized controlled trial
Saffi, M. A. L., Rabelo, E. R., Polanczyk, C. A., Furtado, M. V., Montenegro, M. M., Ribeiro, I. W. J., Kampits, C., Rõsing, C. K., & Haas, A. N. (2018) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.12909 · Cited by 57
Endothelial function and endothelial progenitor cells in systemic lupus erythematosus
Mak, A., & Chan, J. K. Y. (2022) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-022-00770-y · Cited by 53
Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy and changes of flow-mediated vasodilatation in psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis patients
Mazzoccoli, G., Notarsanto, I., de Pinto, G. D., Dagostino, M. P., Cata, A. D., D'alessandro, G., Tarquini, R., & Vendemiale, G. (2010) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-010-0458-6 · Cited by 53
Methodological considerations and practical recommendations for the application of peripheral arterial tonometry in children and adolescents
Bruyndonckx, L., Radtke, T., Eser, P., Vrints, C. J., Ramet, J., Wilhelm, M., & Conraads, V. M. (2013) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.236 · Cited by 53
“Yet endothelial dysfunction is more than a mere bystander of CV risk, since endothelial dysfunction is an independent predictor of CV morbidity and mortality in both adults with and without coronary artery disease [10].”
Background
Ceramide-Activated Phosphatase Mediates Fatty Acid–Induced Endothelial VEGF Resistance and Impaired Angiogenesis
Mehra, V. C., Jackson, E., Zhang, X. M., Jiang, X., Dobrucki, L. W., Yu, J., Bernatchez, P. N., Sinusas, A. J., Shulman, G. I., Sessa, W. C., et al. (2014) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.009 · Cited by 53
“Individuals with risk factors for vascular disease, including metabolic syndrome and dysplipidemia,(1) exhibit varying degrees of endothelial dysfunction, which is an early feature of vascular pathology with prognostic significance.(2) Elevation of circulating free fatty acids (FFAs), experimentally or as seen in obes…”
Background
Effect of an exercise training program on endothelial dysfunction in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with severe chronic heart failure
Miche, E., Herrmann, G., Nowak, M., Wirtz, U., Tietz, M., Hürst, M., Zoller, B., & Radzewitz, A. (2006) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-006-1106-z · Cited by 53
“A correlation between endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors influences the development and prognosis of atherosclerosis [9].”
Background
Differential Aspects of Endothelial Function of the Coronary Microcirculation Considering Myocardial Virus Persistence, Endothelial Activation, and Myocardial Leukocyte Infiltrates
Vallbracht, K. B., Schwimmbeck, P. L., Kühl, U., Rauch, U., Seeberg, B., & Schultheiß, H. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000160863.30496.9b · Cited by 53
Effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on ambulatory blood pressure and endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetes
Howes, J. B., Tran, D., Brillante, D., & Howes, L. G. (2003) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2003.00282.x · Cited by 53
Vascular (dys)function in the failing heart
Liberale, L., Duncker, D. J., Hausenloy, D. J., Kraler, S. C., Bøtker, H. E., Podesser, B. K., Heusch, G., & Kleinbongard, P. (2025) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-025-01163-w · Cited by 58
“Indeed, many patients with non-obstructive CAD have diffuse atherosclerosis 17,22–24 .”
Assessing the Clinical Utility of Biomarkers in Medicine
Parikh, N. I., & Vasan, R. S. (2007) · Biomarkers in Medicine · doi:10.2217/17520363.1.3.419 · Cited by 52
Predictive value of noninvasively determined endothelial dysfunction for long-term cardiovascular events and restenosis in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation: a prospective study
Akçakoyun, M., Kargın, R., Tanalp, A. C., Pala, S., Özveren, O., Akçay, M., Barutçu, İ., & Kırma, C. (2008) · Coronary Artery Disease · doi:10.1097/mca.0b013e328301ba8e · Cited by 52
Functional and Structural Vascular Remodeling in Elite Rowers Assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Petersen, S. E., Wiesmann, F., Hudsmith, L., Robson, M. D., Francis, J. M., Selvanayagam, J. B., Neubauer, S., & Channon, K. M. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.04.078 · Cited by 52
“h ndothelial dysfunction is a cardinal feature of vascular isease states, such as atherosclerosis (1), and is associated ith an increased risk for cardiovascular events (2,3).”
Background
Cardiac syndrome X: Current concepts
Singh, M., Singh, S., Arora, R. R., & Khosla, S. (2010) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.11.021 · Cited by 52
Body Mass Index and Total and Cardiovascular Mortality in Men With a History of Cardiovascular Disease
Widlansky, M. E., Sesso, H. D., Rexrode, K. M., Manson, J. E., & Gaziano, J. M. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.21.2326 · Cited by 52
“Furthermore, several recent studies have noted that the presence of endothelial dysfunction in the context of coronary artery disease imparts increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors.(32-35) Men with more extensive infarctions are also more likely to develop cardiac cachexia or m…”
Background
Low fingertip temperature rebound measured by digital thermal monitoring strongly correlates with the presence and extent of coronary artery disease diagnosed by 64-slice multi-detector computed tomography
Ahmadi, N., Nabavi, V., Nuguri, V., Hajsadeghi, F., Flores, F. R., Akhtar, M. W., Kleis, S. J., Hecht, H. S., Naghavi, M., & Budoff, M. J. (2009) · International journal of cardiac imaging · doi:10.1007/s10554-009-9476-8 · Cited by 52
“tude of vascular dysfunction in individuals with similar risk factor profiles [29, 39] In this regard, vascular dysfunction may be seen as an important ‘‘integrative factor’’ of the inherent atherosclerotic risk of an individual, taking into account the cumulative effect of various risk and protective factors [36].”
Background
Oxidative Stress and Early Atherosclerosis: Novel Antioxidant Treatment
Tousoulis, D., Ψαλτοπούλου, Θ., Androulakis, E. S., Παπαγεωργίου, Ν., Papaioannou, S., Oikonomou, E. K., Synetos, A. G., & Stefanadis, C. (2014) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10557-014-6562-5 · Cited by 51
“Furthermore, several studies have extensively explored ED with respect to its clinical utility as a biomarker in risk prediction [21, 22].”
Background
Lupus-prone New Zealand Black/New Zealand White F1 mice display endothelial dysfunction and abnormal phenotype and function of endothelial progenitor cells
Thacker, S., Duquaine, D. C., Park, J. H., & Kaplan, M. (2010) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203309353773 · Cited by 51
Exercise as an alternative to oral estrogen for amelioration of endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women
Harvey, P., Picton, P. E., Su, W., Morris, B. L., Notarius, C. F., & Floras, J. S. (2005) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.08.036 · Cited by 51
New insights into ischemic heart disease in women.
Bellasi, A., Raggi, P., Merz, C. N. B., & Shaw, L. J. (2007) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.74.8.585 · Cited by 51
Smoking cessation normalizes coronary endothelial vasomotor response assessed with 15O-water and PET in healthy young smokers.
Morita, K., Tsukamoto, T., Naya, M., Noriyasu, K., Inubushi, M., Shiga, T., Katoh, C., Kuge, Y., Tsutsui, H., & Tamaki, N. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 51
Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin improves endothelial function in volunteers at risk of cardiovascular disease
Bondonno, N. P., Bondonno, C. P., Ward, N. C., Woodman, R. J., Hodgson, J. M., & Croft, K. D. (2019) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114519002137 · Cited by 51
“P values for treatment effect were obtained using linear mixed models with adjustment for treatment order. niversity Press Endothelial dysfunction, defined as an impairment in endothelium-dependent relaxation, is implicated in prehypertension, hypertension, atherosclerosis and stroke(19,20) and is associated with an i…”
Influential
Relationship between Vitamin D Binding Protein and Aspirin Resistance in Coronary Ischemic Patients: A Proteomic Study
López-Farré, A. J., Mateos‐Cáceres, P. J., Sacristán, D., Azcona, L. J., Bernardo, E., de Prada, T. P., Alonso‐Orgaz, S., Fernández‐Arquero, M., Fernández‐Ortíz, A., & Macaya, C. (2007) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr060600i · Cited by 50
A randomized controlled trial of low-dose hormone therapy on myocardial ischemia in postmenopausal women with no obstructive coronary artery disease: Results from the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)
Merz, C. N. B., Olson, M. B., McClure, C., Yang, Y., Symons, J. P., Sopko, G. S., Kelsey, S. F., Handberg, E. M., Johnson, B. D., Cooper‐DeHoff, R. M., et al. (2010) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2010.03.024 · Cited by 51
Influence of age, sex, and aerobic capacity on forearm and skin blood flow and vascular conductance
Hodges, G. J., Sharp, L. K., Clements, R. E., Goldspink, D. F., George, K., & Cable, N. T. (2010) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1441-7 · Cited by 50
“The vasodilator capacity of the forearm circulation is an accurate predictor of cardiovascular events (Al Suwaidi et al. 2000; Halcox et al. 2002; Vita and Keaney 2002).”
Endothelial dysfunction: its role in hypertensive coronary disease
Bolad, I. A., & Delafontaine, P. (2005) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/01.hco.0000167719.37700.1d · Cited by 50
Edema and Congestive Heart Failure from Thiazolidone Insulin Sensitizers—Excess Sodium Reabsoption in the Collecting Duct
Zhang, H., Zhang, A., Kohan, D. E., Nelson, R. D., Gonzales, F., & Yang, T. (2005) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2005090935 · Cited by 50
Folic acid improves vascular reactivity in humans: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
de Bree, A., van Mierlo, L. A. J., & Draijer, R. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.3.610 · Cited by 51
Non-coding RNAs in vascular remodeling and restenosis
Indolfi, C., Iaconetti, C., Gareri, C., Polimeni, A., & Rosa, S. D. (2018) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.006 · Cited by 52
Guidelines for reasonable and appropriate care in the emergency department (GRACE): Recurrent, low‐risk chest pain in the emergency department
Musey, P. I., Bellolio, F., Upadhye, S., Chang, A. M., Diercks, D. B., Gottlieb, M. A., Hess, E. P., Kontos, M. C., Mumma, B. E., Probst, M. A., et al. (2021) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.14296 · Cited by 49
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Non-Invasive Assessment of Vascular Function: Validation against Ultrasound
Leeson, C. P. M., Robinson, M., Francis, J. M., Robson, M. D., Channon, K. M., Neubauer, S., & Wiesmann, F. (2006) · Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1080/10976640500526993 · Cited by 50
Endothelial dysfunction – A predictor of atherosclerosis
Chhabra, N. (2009) · Internet Journal of Medical Update - EJOURNAL · doi:10.4314/ijmu.v4i1.39872 · Cited by 49
Thymoquinone improves aging-related endothelial dysfunction in the rat mesenteric artery
Idris-Khodja, N., & Schini‐Kerth, V. B. (2012) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-012-0749-8 · Cited by 53
Coronary Artery Disease and Endothelial Dysfunction: Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches
Oikonomou, E. K., Siasos, G., Tsigkou, V., Bletsa, E., Panoilia, M.-E., Oikonomou, I. N., Sinanidis, I., Spinou, Μ., Papastavrou, A., Kokosias, G., et al. (2019) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867326666190830103219 · Cited by 49
Advances in positron emission tomography
Carli, M. F. D. (2004) · Journal of Nuclear Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.nuclcard.2004.09.007 · Cited by 49
Assessment of coronary flow reserve and microcirculation: a clinical perspective
Campisi, R., & Carli, M. F. D. (2004) · Journal of Nuclear Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.nuclcard.2003.11.003 · Cited by 49
The Acute Effect of Various Glycemic Index Dietary Carbohydrates on Endothelial Function in Nondiabetic Overweight and Obese Subjects
Lavi, T., Karasik, A., Koren‐Morag, N., Kanety, H., Feinberg, M. S., & Shechter, M. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.03.025 · Cited by 49
Proteomics reveals lowering oxygen alters cytoskeletal and endoplasmatic stress proteins in human endothelial cells
Østergaard, L., Simonsen, U., Eskildsen-Helmond, Y. E. G., Vorum, H., Uldbjerg, N., Honoré, B., & Mulvany, M. J. (2009) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.200800130 · Cited by 48
“impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, which is associated with cardiovascular events [3].”
Background
Progression of Arterial Stiffness and Coronary Atherosclerosis: Longitudinal Evaluation by Cardiac CT
Oberoi, S., Schoepf, U. J., Meyer, M., Henzler, T., Rowe, G. W., Costello, P., & Nance, J. W. (2013) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.12.8653 · Cited by 48
“Routine assessment of aortic stiffness in addition to coronary artery analysis, both of which are available on routine retrospectively gated cardiac CTA, may improve risk stratification strategies [29] and enable better monitoring of responses to therapy [30–34].”
Background
Aged garlic extract with supplement is associated with increase in brown adipose, decrease in white adipose tissue and predict lack of progression in coronary atherosclerosis
Ahmadi, N., Nabavi, V., Hajsadeghi, F., Zeb, I., Flores, F. R., Ebrahimi, R., & Budoff, M. J. (2013) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.182 · Cited by 47
Transplantation of umbilical cord blood‐derived endothelial progenitor cells: a promising method of therapeutic revascularisation
Zhang, L., Yang, R., & Han, Z. (2005) · European Journal Of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00579.x · Cited by 48
IMPROvE-CED Trial: Intracoronary Autologous CD34+ Cell Therapy for Treatment of Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Angina and Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Corban, M. T., Toya, T., Albers, D., Sebaali, F., Lewis, B. R., Bois, J., Gulati, R., Prasad, A., Best, P. J. M., Bell, M. R., et al. (2021) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.121.319644 · Cited by 47
Self-citation
High‐ but not low‐dose folic acid improves endothelial function in coronary artery disease
Moat, S. J., Madhavan, A., Taylor, S., Payne, N., Allen, R. H., Stabler, S. P., Goodfellow, J., McDowell, I. F. W., LEWIS, M. J., & Lang, D. (2006) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01739.x · Cited by 47
P-Cresyl Sulfate Is a Valuable Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in Pre-ESRD Patients
Lin, C., Pan, C., Chuang, C., Sun, F., Wang, D.-J., Chen, H., Liu, H., & Wu, C. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/526932 · Cited by 47
“It is well known that CKD is independently associated with endothelial dysfunction [16], which plays a vital role in the development of cardiovascular diseases and is the main cause ofmortality inCKDpatients [17].”
Background
Coronary endothelial dysfunction in non-obstructive coronary artery disease: Risk, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy
Shaw, J., & Anderson, T. J. (2015) · Vascular Medicine · doi:10.1177/1358863x15618268 · Cited by 47
Senescent Impairment in Synergistic Cytokine Pathways That Provide Rapid Cardioprotection in the Rat Heart
Xaymardan, M., Zheng, J., Duignan, I. J., Chin, A. I., Holm, J. M., Ballard, V. L. T., & Edelberg, J. M. (2004) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20031639 · Cited by 47
“Vascular dysfunction is associated with aging (1, 2) and is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events (3, 4).”
Background
Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Risk: Beyond Traditional Risk Factors
Delgado‐Lista, J., Pérez‐Martínez, P., García‐Ríos, A., Pérez-Caballero, A. I., Pérez‐Jiménez, F., & López‐Miranda, J. (2014) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2012.726660 · Cited by 46
“…dysfunction has been repeatedly reported as an important determinant of the initiation and the development of various clinical diseases and cardiovascular risk factors, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, or heart failure (Desjardins and Balligand, 2006; Halcox et al., 2002).”
Background
Influence of body mass index on extent of coronary atherosclerosis and cardiac events in a cohort of patients at risk of coronary artery disease
Rossi, R., Iaccarino, D., Nuzzo, A. M., Chiurlia, E., Bacco, L., Venturelli, A., & Modena, M. G. (2009) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2009.09.001 · Cited by 46
“Since obesity is associated with features of low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction [17], we believe these parameters could explain such correlations.”
Background
Simvastatin Combined With Ramipril Treatment in Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Koh, K. K., Son, J. W., Ahn, J. Y., Kim, D. S., Jin, D. K., Kim, H. S., Han, S. H., Seo, Y.-H., Chung, W.-J., Kang, W. C., et al. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000133310.42762.25 · Cited by 45
Secondary Prevention Strategy of Cardiovascular Disease Using Endothelial Function Testing
Matsuzawa, Y., Guddeti, R. R., Kwon, T., Lerman, L. O., & Lerman, A. (2015) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-15-0068 · Cited by 45
Endothelial Dysfunction and Coronary Artery Disease
Veerasamy, M., Bagnall, A. J., Neely, D., Allen, J., Sinclair, H., & Kunadian, V. (2014) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000000047 · Cited by 45
Human Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 (Endocan) and Coronary Artery Disease and Microvascular Angina
Çimen, T., Efe, T. H., Akyel, A., Sunman, H., Algül, E., Şahan, H. F., Erden, G., Özdemir, Ş., Alay, E. F., Doğan, M., et al. (2016) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/0003319715625827 · Cited by 45
“Email: drtolgacim@hotmail.com is the main cause of MVA.13,14 Among the other contenders are smooth muscle dysfunction, inappropriate sympathetic tone, microvascular atherosclerosis, and inflammation.15 Although the cause of endothelial dysfunction in MVA is not well known, chronic inflammation can induce vascular dysf…”
Background
Coronary endothelial function testing provides superior discrimination compared with standard clinical risk scoring in prediction of cardiovascular events
Reriani, M., Sara, J. D. S., Flammer, A. J., Gulati, R., Li, J., Rihal, C. S., Lennon, R. J., Lerman, L. O., & Lerman, A. (2016) · Coronary Artery Disease · doi:10.1097/mca.0000000000000347 · Cited by 46
Efficacy and safety of thiazolidinediones in diabetes patients with renal impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wang, W., Zhou, X., Kwong, J. S., Li, L., Li, Y., & Sun, X. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01965-0 · Cited by 48
Comparable Prognostic Value of Vasodilator Response to Acetylcholine in Brachial and Coronary Arteries for Predicting Long-Term Cardiovascular Events in Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Takase, B., Hamabe, A., Satomura, K., Akima, T., Uehata, A., Matsui, T., Ohsuzu, F., Ishihara, M., & Kurita, A. (2005) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.70.49 · Cited by 45
Sirolimus accelerates senescence of endothelial progenitor cells through telomerase inactivation
Imanishi, T., Kobayashi, K., Kuki, S., Takahashi, C., & Akasaka, T. (2006) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.12.031 · Cited by 45
Endothelium-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of Systemic Arteries Is Impaired in Patients With Myocardial Virus Persistence
Vallbracht, K. B., Schwimmbeck, P. L., Kühl, U., Seeberg, B., & Schultheiß, H. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000146891.31481.cf · Cited by 45
Evaluation of bioavailability of nitric oxide in coronary circulation by direct measurement of plasma nitric oxide concentration
Neishi, Y., Mochizuki, S., Miyasaka, T., Kawamoto, T., Kume, T., Sukmawan, R., Tsukiji, M., Ogasawara, Y., Kajiya, F., Akasaka, T., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0501392102 · Cited by 45
Interaction between uric acid and endothelial dysfunction predicts new onset of diabetes in hypertensive patients
Perticone, F., Maio, R., Tassone, J. E., Perticone, M., Pascale, A., Sciacqua, A., & Sesti, G. (2012) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.12.065 · Cited by 44
“On the other hand, previously published findings have demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction, in both coronary [18–21] and forearm [22] vasculature, is an independent prognostic factor for future clinical events.”
Result
Aldosterone inhibition and coronary endothelial function in women without obstructive coronary artery disease: An ancillary study of the NHLBI-sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)
Bavry, A., Handberg, E., Huo, T., Lerman, A., Quyyumi, A., Shufelt, C., Sharaf, B. L., Merz, C., Cooper-DeHoff, R., Sopko, G., et al. (2014) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2014.01.017 · Cited by 44
Self-citation
Left ventricular hypertrophy and endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease
Poulikakos, D. J., Ross, L. E., Mayoral, A. R., Cole, D., ANDOH, J., Chitalia, N., Sharma, R., Kaski, J. C., & Banerjee, D. (2013) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1093/ehjci/jet120 · Cited by 44
“Moreover, in the general population, ED has been shown to be an independent predictorof adverseoutcomes.(24) Endothelial function is highly abnormal in patients with CKD and worsens with decreasing kidney function.”
Background
Coronary physiology assessment in the catheterization laboratory
Díez‐Delhoyo, F., Gutiérrez, E., Loughlin, G., y, R. S.-R., Vázquez-Álvarez, M. E., Sarnago‐Cebada, F., Angulo‐Llanos, R., Plasencia, A. C., Elı́zaga, J., & Díaz, F. F. A. (2015) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v7.i9.525 · Cited by 44
In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Based Detection of Heterogeneous Endothelial Response in Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta to Short‐Term High‐Fat Diet Ascribed to Differences in Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Mice
Bar, A., Kieronska‐Rudek, A., Proniewski, B., Suraj, J., Czamara, K., Marczyk, B., Matyjaszczyk‐Gwarda, K., Jasztal, A., Kuś, E., Majka, Z., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.016929 · Cited by 45
Markers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation are associated in the offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects
Ruotsalainen, E., Vauhkonen, I., Salmenniemi, U., Pihlajamäki, J., Punnonen, K. R. A., Kainulainen, S., Jalkanen, S., Salmi, M., & Laakso, M. (2007) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.04.021 · Cited by 44
“[5] Halcox JP, Schenke WH, Zalos G, et al.”
Background
Cardiovascular outcome of patients with abnormal coronary vasomotion and normal coronary arteriography is worse in type 2 diabetes mellitus than in arterial hypertension: A 10 year follow-up study
Nitenberg, A., Pham, I., ANTONY, I., Valensi, P. E., Attali, J., & CHEMLA, D. (2005) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.02.030 · Cited by 44
Myocardial angiogenesis
Toyota, E., Matsunaga, T., & Chilian, W. M. (2004) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1023/b:mcbi.0000044372.65864.18 · Cited by 44
“Endothelial dysfunction is observed in patients with ischemic heart disease [54]; moreover, deficits in endothelial function are observed during many of the risk factors for ischemic heart disease, e.”
Background
Cardiac Rehabilitation and Endothelial Function
Lanza, G. A., Golino, M., Villano, A., Lanza, O., Lamendola, P., Fusco, A., & Leggio, M. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9082487 · Cited by 43
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine as a Surrogate Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Systemic Rheumatic Diseases
Dimitroulas, T., Sandoo, A., & Kitas, G. D. (2012) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms131012315 · Cited by 46
“common in asymptomatic individuals with CVD risk factors [16] and they convey prognostic significance regarding the occurrence of CVD events [17].”
Background
Prevention of Vascular Dysfunction after Preeclampsia: A Potential Long-Term Outcome Measure and an Emerging Goal for Treatment
Lazdam, M., Davis, E., Lewandowski, A. J., Worton, S. A., Kenworthy, Y., Kelly, B., & Leeson, P. (2011) · Journal of Pregnancy · doi:10.1155/2012/704146 · Cited by 45
“Peripheral dysfunction of the vascular endothelium has been demonstrated to correlate with increased risk of clinical events [54] and all cause mortality [55] and associates with many traditional cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, and smokin…”
Background
Proportion of oxidized LDL relative to plasma apolipoprotein B does not change during statin therapy in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
van Tits, L. J. H., van Himbergen, T. M., Lemmers, H., Graaf, J. D., & Stalenhoef, A. F. H. (2005) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.006 · Cited by 43
Epicardial coronary artery constriction to cold pressor test is predictive of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries and without other major coronary risk factor
Nitenberg, A., Chemla, D., & Antony, I. (2004) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.12.030 · Cited by 43
“[5] have evidenced dilation of epicardial arteries and higher flow response of coronary microcirculation to acetylcholine in their subgroup of patients at risk for coronary artherosclerosis but without coronary artery disease.”
Background
Peripheral Microvascular Function Reflects Coronary Vascular Function
AlBadri, A., Kim, J. H., Liu, C., Mehta, P. K., & Quyyumi, A. A. (2019) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.119.312378 · Cited by 43
“We also performed comparisons of single doses of these agonists, based on prior experience.(20) It is possible that a doseresponse curve with multiple doses of each agonist would have provided better correlations than observed with a single dose.”
MethodSelf-citation
Multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging quantifies atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Lee, J., Shirodaria, C. C., Jackson, C., Robson, M. D., Antoniades, C. A., Francis, J. M., Wiesmann, F., Channon, K. M., Neubauer, S., & Choudhury, R. P. (2007) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.3132/dvdr.2007.005 · Cited by 43
Methods and potential biomarkers for the evaluation of endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: A critical approach
Hogas, S. M., Voroneanu, L. E., Șerban, D. N., Segall, L., Hogas, M. M., Șerban, I. L., & Covic, A. C. (2010) · Journal of the American Society of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.jash.2010.03.008 · Cited by 43
Antihypertensive Potential of Plant Foods: Research Progress and Prospect of Plant-Derived Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Compounds
Chen, L., Wang, L., Shu, G., & Li, J. (2021) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02117 · Cited by 45
Endothelial function, arterial stiffness and lipid lowering drugs
Τζιόμαλος, Κ., Athyros, V. G., Karagiannis, A. I., & Mikhailidis, D. P. (2007) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.11.9.1143 · Cited by 41
“The evaluation of forearm endothelial dysfunction using VOP was predictive of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients [40] , in patients with stable CAD [41] or with acute coronary syndromes [42] , as well as in patients with early-stage heart failure [43] .”
BackgroundInfluential
Endothelium-dependent But Not Endothelium-independent Flow-mediated Dilation Is Significantly Reduced in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus without Vascular Events: A Metaanalysis and Metaregression
Mak, A., LIU, Y., & Ho, R. (2011) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.101182 · Cited by 42
Evaluation of Coronary Calcium Score by Multidetector Computed Tomography in Relation to Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Markers in Asymptomatic Individuals
Ramadan, M. M., Mahfouz, E., Gomaa, G. F., El-Diasty, T. A., Alldawi, L., Ikrar, T., Limin, D., Kodama, M., & Aizawa, Y. (2008) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.72.778 · Cited by 41
“The median CACS was higher in males than in females (2 [0–202] vs 1 [0–97.”
Background

Authors: Halcox, J. P. J., Schenke, W. H., Zalos, G., Mincemoyer, R., Prasad, A., Waclawiw, M. A., Nour, K. R. A., & Quyyumi, A. A.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID: Halcox, Julian P.J.
Prasad, Abhiram
Quyyumi, Arshed A.
Venue: Circulation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2002-08-06
Volume: 106
Issue: 6
Pages: 653-658
ISSN: 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000025404.78001.d8
OpenAlex: W2019338486
Cited by: 1,385
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 70
FWCI: 51.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Circulation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Keywords: coronary endothelial dysfunction, coronary artery disease, acetylcholine provocation test, sodium nitroprusside, adenosine, coronary vascular resistance, cardiovascular events, prognosis, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, cardiovascular mortality, revascularization
MeSH terms: Angina, Unstable, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Vessels, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Microcirculation, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Pericardium, Prognosis, Vascular Resistance, Vasodilator Agents, Disease-Free Survival, Stroke

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Prognostic Value of Coronary Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks