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Prognostic Value of Coronary Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction
Abstract
Background — Whether patients at increased risk can be identified from a relatively low-risk population by coronary vascular function testing remains unknown. We investigated the relationship between coronary endothelial function and the occurrence of acute unpredictable cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and unstable angina) in patients with and without coronary atherosclerosis (CAD). Methods and Results — We measured the change in coronary vascular resistance (ΔCVR) and epicardial diameter with intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh, 15 μg/min) to test endothelium-dependent function and sodium nitroprusside (20 μg/min) and adenosine (2.2 mg/min) to test endothelium-independent vascular function in 308 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization (132 with and 176 without CAD). Patients underwent clinical follow-up for a mean of 46±3 months. Acute vascular events occurred in 35 patients. After multivariate analysis that included CAD and conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis, ΔCVR with ACh ( P =0.02) and epicardial constriction with ACh ( P =0.003), together with increasing age, CAD, and body mass index, were independent predictors of adverse events. Thus, patients in the tertile with the best microvascular responses with ACh and those with epicardial dilation with ACh had improved survival by Kaplan-Meier analyses in the total population, as did those in the subset without CAD. Similar improvement in survival was also observed when all adverse events, including revascularization, were considered. Endothelium-independent responses were not predictive of outcome. Conclusions — Epicardial and microvascular coronary endothelial dysfunction independently predict acute cardiovascular events in patients with and without CAD, providing both functional and prognostic information that complements angiographic and risk factor assessment.
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“Endothelial dysfunction occurs early in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and predicts future cardiovascular events.”
From The Vasculature in Prediabetes (2018) · cites this paper as [32]
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Watanabe, S., Amiya, E., Watanabe, M., Takata, M., Ozeki, A. N., Watanabe, A., Kawarasaki, S., Nakao, T., Hosoya, Y., Omori, K., et al. (2012) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-12-1043 · Cited by 32
Recognition and Rehabilitation of the Female Athlete Triad/Tetrad
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“Endothelial Dysfunction Coronary endothelial dysfunction predicts long-term atherosclerotic disease progression and cardiovascular events (23,52,57,58).”
BackgroundSerial Observation of Drug-Eluting Absorbable Metal Scaffold
Waksman, R., Prati, F., Bruining, N., Haude, M., Böse, D., Kitabata, H., Erné, P., Verheye, S., Degen, H., Vermeersch, P. H. M. J., et al. (2013) · Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1161/circinterventions.113.000693 · Cited by 32
Gouliopoulos, N., Siasos, G., Moschos, M. M., Oikonomou, E. K., ROUVAS, A. A., Bletsa, E., Stampouloglou, P. K., Σιάσου, Γ., Paraskevopoulos, T., Vlasis, K. G., et al. (2020) · Vascular Medicine · doi:10.1177/1358863x20913609 · Cited by 32
Endothelial Autophagy in Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease
Zhao, F., Satyanarayana, G., Zhang, Z., Zhao, J., Ma, X., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11132081 · Cited by 35
The Efficacy of Quercetin in Cardiovascular Health
Bondonno, N. P., Bondonno, C. P., Hodgson, J. M., Ward, N. C., & Croft, K. D. (2015) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-015-0137-3 · Cited by 33
Freeing the vessel from metallic cage: what can we achieve with bioresorbable vascular scaffolds?
Onuma, Y., Muramatsu, T., Kharlamov, A., & Serruys, P. W. J. C. (2012) · Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics · doi:10.1007/s12928-012-0101-8 · Cited by 32
McIlroy, D. R., Chan, M. T. V., Wallace, S. K. A., Symons, J. A., Koo, E. G. Y., Chu, L. C. Y., & Myles, P. S. (2013) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aet354 · Cited by 36
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Legallois, D., Belin, A., Nesterov, S. V., Milliez, P., Parienti, J., Knuuti, J. M., Abbas, A., Tirel, O., Agostini, D., & Manrique, A. (2014) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487314565739 · Cited by 31
“Microvascular dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, associated with coronary risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking or hypercholesterolaemia), even without any overt coronary structural changes, and is also a strong predictor of acute cardiovascular events.(12) Cardiac r…”
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Hung, O. Y., Molony, D. S., Corban, M., Rasoul–Arzrumly, E., Maynard, C. C., Eshtehardi, P., Dhawan, S. S., Timmins, L. H., Piccinelli, M., Ahn, S. G., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.002764 · Cited by 31
“Coronary atherosclerosis pathophysiology operates through complex multitude of pathways, including endothelial dysfunction as a conduit for systemic risk factors to affect the vasculature.(18,26,27) The considerable number of investigations into the effects of WSS magnitudes on plaque development emphasizes this compl…”
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Katakia, Y. T., Thakkar, N. P., Thakar, S., Sakhuja, A., Goyal, R., Sharma, H., Dave, R., Mandloi, A., Basu, S., Nigam, I., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.30579 · Cited by 32
“…patients with mild coronary artery disease, the authors identified that dysfunction of coronary endothelium robustly elevated the risk of cardiac anomalies compared to individuals with normal or mild endothelial dysfunction (Halcox et al., 2002; Schächinger et al., 2000; Suwaidi et al., 2000).”
BackgroundAhmadi, N., Usman, N., Shim, J., Nuguri, V., Vasinrapee, P., Hajsadeghi, F., Wang, Z., Foster, G. P., Nasir, K., Hecht, H. S., et al. (2009) · Journal of Nuclear Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s12350-008-9044-y · Cited by 31
“In this regard, vascular dysfunction may be seen as an important ‘‘integrative factor’’ of the inherent atherosclerotic risk in an individual, taking into account the cumulative risk of various coronary risk factors, unknown variables, and the genetic susceptibility of vascular endothelium toward coronary risk factors…”
BackgroundThe effects of LDL reduction and HDL augmentation on physiologic and inflammatory markers
Kuvin, J. T., & Karas, R. H. (2003) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/00001573-200307000-00009 · Cited by 31
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“Endothelial dysfunction and its associated in-flammaging (Mury et al. 2024) being prodromal to CAD (Halcox et al. 2002; Shechter et al. 2009), the use of senolytics in women may need to be delayed to optimize their efficacy.”
Advances in Management of the Female Athlete Triad and Eating Disorders
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Coronary microvascular disease: The “Meeting Point” of Cardiology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology
Markousis‐Mavrogenis, G., Bacopoulou, F., Mavragani, C. P., Voulgari, P. V., Kolovou, G. D., Kitas, G. D., Chrousos, G. P., & Mavrogeni, S. I. (2021) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.13737 · Cited by 31
Imaging Assessment of Endothelial Function: An Index of Cardiovascular Health
Minhas, A., Goerlich, E., Corretti, M. C., Arbab‐Zadeh, A., Kelle, S., Leucker, T. M., Lerman, A., & Hays, A. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.778762 · Cited by 30
“The measure of endothelial function of the larger (conduit) or smaller (microvessels) provides important and complementary information which can help gauge CV risk and provide prognostic information for patients (10).”
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“È stato dimostrato che la disfunzione endoteliale può precedere le manifestazioni cliniche dell’aterosclerosi coronarica verificandosi nelle fasi precoci dell’aterogenesi, perfino prima del riconoscimento angiografico delle lesioni aterosclerotiche [4].”
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“It is proven that chronic exposure of endothelial cells to low or oscillatory shear stress promotes atherosclerotic lesion initiation, progression, and eventually leads to progression of plaques [16, 28, 30].”
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Regulation of the nitric oxide oxidase activity of myeloperoxidase by pharmacological agents
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“However, endothelial function measurements based on the assessment of impairment of NO-dependent vasodilatation in the coronary and peripheral circulation have prognostic importance in predicting adverse cardiovascular events (Schächinger et al., 2000; Halcox et al., 2002).”
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“In diabetic patients with retinopathy, the functional impairment of the coronary circulation may involve both endothelial mechanisms and mechanisms independent of the endothelium, while diabetic patients without retinopathy possibly have a mild impairment of endothelial function masked by widely preserved smooth muscl…”
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“Although abnormal response to endothelialdependent stimuli is more commonly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) [3,5-8], several studies have associated impaired vasodilatory response to nitroglycerin (NTG) with risk factors for coronary artery disease [9] and increased future clinical events [6,10].”
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“Both cholesterol efflux (32) and endothelium function (33) are predictors of the risk of CAD indicating that higher levels of HDL in transplant patients may not confer cardioprotection.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Halcox, J. P. J., Schenke, W. H., Zalos, G., Mincemoyer, R., Prasad, A., Waclawiw, M. A., Nour, K. R. A., & Quyyumi, A. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2002-08-06
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 653-658
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2019338486
- Cited by
- 1,385
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 70
- FWCI
- 51.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- coronary endothelial dysfunction, coronary artery disease, acetylcholine provocation test, sodium nitroprusside, adenosine, coronary vascular resistance, cardiovascular events, prognosis, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, cardiovascular mortality, revascularization
- MeSH terms
- Angina, Unstable, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Vessels, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Microcirculation, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Pericardium, Prognosis, Vascular Resistance, Vasodilator Agents, Disease-Free Survival, Stroke
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