Cited by 400Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressRedox biology and oxidative stress

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Ascorbate Prevents the Interaction of Superoxide and Nitric Oxide Only at Very High Physiological Concentrations

Jackson, Terence S., Xu, Aiming, Vita, Joseph A., Keaney, John F.·1998·Circulation Research

DOI 10.1161/01.res.83.9.916

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The bioactivity of nitric oxide (.NO) depends, in part, on its interaction with superoxide. Usually, superoxide dismutase (SOD) preserves .NO bioactivity by limiting the availability of superoxide. Ascorbic acid also effectively scavenges superoxide, but the extent to which this interaction is necessary for intact .NO bioactivity is not known. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of ascorbic acid on .NO bioactivity with isolated rabbit arterial segments. A steady flux of superoxide (1.15 to 2.3 micromol . L-1 . min-1) produced either by pyrogallol autoxidation or a hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system inhibited endothelium-derived .NO-mediated arterial relaxation elicited by acetylcholine. This effect of superoxide was completely blocked by SOD (300 IU/mL) and the manganese SOD mimic EUK-8 (300 micromol/L) and partially inhibited by ascorbic acid (10 mmol/L). Lower concentrations of ascorbic acid were ineffective despite scavenging >90% of superoxide. We increased the endogenous flux of superoxide (3.2+/-0.3-fold) by inhibiting vascular copper-zinc SOD with diethyldithiocarbamate. This increased endogenous flux of superoxide produced an impairment of .NO-mediated arterial relaxation that was reversed by EUK-8 (300 micromol/L) but not ascorbic acid (10 mmol/L) despite equivalent scavenging of the endogenous superoxide flux. We used 3-nitrotyrosine formation (from peroxynitrite) as an indicator of .NO interaction with superoxide and found that SOD and EUK-8 compete more effectively with .NO for superoxide than does ascorbic acid. These data indicate that preservation of .NO bioactivity by superoxide scavengers depends not only on superoxide scavenging activity, but also on the rate of superoxide scavenging. Normal extracellular concentrations of ascorbic acid (30 to 150 micromol/L) are not likely to prevent the interaction of .NO with superoxide under physiological conditions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1161/01.res.83.9.916

Cites

48 of 48 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Involvement of the Superoxide Anion Radical in the Autoxidation of Pyrogallol and a Convenient Assay for Superoxide Dismutase
Marklund, S. L., & MARKLUND, G. (1974) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x · Cited by 10,382
Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: Implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide
Beckman, J. S., Beckman, T. W., Chen, J., Marshall, P. A., & Freeman, B. A. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.4.1620 · Cited by 7,029
Superoxide anion is involved in the breakdown of endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor
Gryglewski, R. J., Palmer, R. M. J., & Moncada, S. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/320454a0 · Cited by 2,400
The reaction of NO with superoxide
Huie, R. E., & Padmaja, S. (1993) · Free Radical Research Communications · doi:10.3109/10715769309145868 · Cited by 2,121
Free Radicals in Biology
Pryor, W. A. (1976) · Cited by 1,876
Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production.
Ohara, Y., Peterson, T. E., & Harrison, D. G. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116491 · Cited by 1,765
Peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration catalyzed by superoxide dismutase
Ischiropoulos, H., Zhu, L., Chen, J., Tsai, M., Martin, J. C., Smith, C. D. L., & Beckman, J. S. (1992) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90431-u · Cited by 1,499
Superoxide anions and hyperoxia inactivate endothelium-derived relaxing factor
Rubanyi, G. M., & Vanhoutte, P. M. (1986) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1986.250.5.h822 · Cited by 1,193
Superoxide Radical: An Endogenous Toxicant
Fridovich, I. (1983) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.23.040183.001323 · Cited by 1,168
How to Characterize a Biological Antioxidant
Halliwell, B. B. (1990) · Free Radical Research Communications · doi:10.3109/10715769009148569 · Cited by 941

Show all 48 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

10.1161/res.57.5.4053309 · DOI
10.1161/res.76.5.922 · DOI
10.1161/circ.95.12.2617 · DOI
10.1161/circ.94.1.6 · DOI
10.1161/circ.97.4.363 · DOI
10.1161/circ.92.7.1876 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 399

Ascorbic acid improves brachial artery vasodilation during progressive handgrip exercise in the elderly through a nitric oxide-mediated mechanism
Trinity, J. D., Wray, D. W., Witman, M. A., Layec, G., Barrett‐O’Keefe, Z., Ives, S. J., Conklin, J. D., Reese, V. R., Zhao, J., & Richardson, R. S. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00817.2015 · Cited by 30
Vitamin C therapy ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction in treated patients with homocystinuria
Pullin, C. H., Bonham, J. R., McDowell, I., Lee, P., Powers, H. J., Wilson, J. F., LEWIS, M. J., & Moat, S. J. (2002) · Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease · doi:10.1023/a:1015672625913 · Cited by 29
NO and the Vasculature: Where Does It Come from and What Does It Do?
Andrews, K. L., Triggle, C. R., & Ellis, A. (2002) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1023/a:1020702215520 · Cited by 31
“However, Jackson and co-workers [122] argued that the high concentrations of ascorbate required to protect endothelium-dependent relaxations against superoxide generators in DETCAtreated rabbit aorta, implied that antioxidant protection in the vasculature may not be the main mechanism of protection.”
Background
Local ascorbate administration inhibits the adrenergic vasoconstrictor response to local cooling in the human skin
Yamazaki, F. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00814.2009 · Cited by 29
“Since the level of Asc prevented the interaction of superoxide and NO in the isolated thoracic aorta in rabbits (15), and improved the cutaneous vasodilator response during heat stress in aged humans (13) and in hypertensive humans (14), it is physiologically effective for decreasing ROS generation.”
Background
Mineralocorticoid Antagonism and Vascular Function in Early Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Nowak, K. L., Gitomer, B. Y., Farmer‐Bailey, H., Wang, W., Malaczewski, M., Klawitter, J., You, Z., George, D. M., Patel, N. U., Jovanovich, A. J., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.12.037 · Cited by 29
Tocotrienol Rich Palm Oil Extract Is More Effective Than Pure Tocotrienols at Improving Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in the Presence of Oxidative Stress
Ali, S., & Woodman, O. L. (2015) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2015/150829 · Cited by 29
“Superoxide dismutase (SOD) also reacts rapidly with O 2 − (rate constant 1-2 × 10(10)M/sec) [24] and in doing so enhances NO bioavailability and may enhance endotheliumdependent relaxation [25].”
Background
Acute ascorbic acid ingestion increases skeletal muscle blood flow and oxygen consumption via local vasodilation during graded handgrip exercise in older adults
Richards, J. C., Crecelius, A. R., Larson, D. G., & Dinenno, F. A. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00209.2015 · Cited by 29
Investigation of the Use of Antioxidants to Diminish the Adverse Effects of Postnatal Glucocorticoid Treatment on Mortality and Cardiac Development
Adler, A., Camm, E. J., Hansell, J. A., Richter, H. G., & Giussani, D. A. (2010) · Neonatology · doi:10.1159/000275561 · Cited by 29
Ascorbic Acid–Induced Modulation of Venous Tone in Humans
Grossmann, M., Dobrev, D., Himmel, H. M., Ravens, U., & Kirch, W. (2001) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.37.3.949 · Cited by 30
Effects of vitamin C on intracoronary l-arginine dependent coronary vasodilatation in patients with stable angina
Tousoulis, D., Xenakis, C., Tentolouris, C., Davies, G., Antoniades, C., Crake, T., & Stefanadis, C. (2005) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2004.044537 · Cited by 28
Reversible Inhibition of Cytochrome c Oxidase by Peroxynitrite Proceeds through Ascorbate-dependent Generation of Nitric Oxide
Barone, M. C., Darley-Usmar, V. M., & Brookes, P. S. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m304129200 · Cited by 27
Influence of bilirubin and other antioxidants on nitrergic relaxation in the pig gastric fundus
Colpaert, E. E., & Lefebvre, R. A. (2000) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703176 · Cited by 27
“This contrasts markedly with results obtained in rat aortic segments treated with DETCA to induce an endogenous ¯ux of superoxide: EUK-8 fully restored endothelium-derived NOmediated arterial relaxation in response to acetylcholine, while Cu/Zn SOD had only a partial e ect (Jackson et al., 1998).”
Result
Treating sepsis with vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone: Exploring the quest for the magic elixir
Obi, J., Pastores, S. M., Ramanathan, L. V., Yang, J. C., & Halpern, N. (2020) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.12.011 · Cited by 27
Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension
Iwakiri, Y., & Groszmann, R. J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0002-2_1 · Cited by 26
Guinea pig ascorbate status predicts tetrahydrobiopterin plasma concentration and oxidation ratio in vivo
Mortensen, A., Hasselholt, S., Tveden‐Nyborg, P., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2013) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2013.07.006 · Cited by 27
“In fact, ascorbate concentrations of 10 mmol/L are needed to compete with NO for superoxide [44].”
The effect of vitamin C and iron on dopamine-mediated free radical generation: implications to Parkinson's disease
Sun, Y., Pham, A. N., & Waite, T. D. (2018) · Dalton Transactions · doi:10.1039/c7dt04373b · Cited by 26
Expression of superoxide dismutase in hyperglycemic focal cerebral ischemia in the rat
Bémeur, C., Ste‐Marie, L., Desjardins, P., Butterworth, R. F., Vachon, L., Montgomery, J. A., & Hazell, A. S. (2004) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2004.06.010 · Cited by 26
Signaling pathways in the nitric oxide and iron-induced dopamine release in the striatum of freely moving rats: Role of extracellular Ca2+ and L-type Ca2+ channels
Rocchitta, G., Migheli, R., Mura, M. P., Grella, G., Esposito, G., Marchetti, B., MIELE, E., Desole, M. S., Miele, M., & Serra, P. A. (2005) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.04.008 · Cited by 26
Effect of Vitamin C on Forearm Blood Flow and Glucose Metabolism in Essential Hypertension
Natali, A., Sironi, A. M., Toschi, E., Camastra, S., Sanna, G., Perissinotto, A., Taddei, S., & Ferrannini, E. (2000) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.11.2401 · Cited by 26
Vitamin C in Sepsis
Wilson, J. X., & Wu, F. (2012) · Subcellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2199-9_5 · Cited by 32
Effects of Vitamins C and E on the Outcome after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Diabetics: A Retrospective, Hypothesis-Generating Analysis from the MIVIT Study
Jaxa-Chamiec, T., Bednarz, B., Herbaczyńska-Cedro, K., Maciejewski, P., & Ceremuzyński, L. (2008) · Cardiology · doi:10.1159/000151239 · Cited by 25
“The use of vitamin C in the acute phase of MI seems to be especially reasonable. Water-soluble vitamin C promptly achieves therapeutic concentration after oral administration and even more quickly (minutes) when given intravenously. Intravenous vitamin C administration, as in the MIVIT study, may increase its plasma c…”
Background
Oral atorvastatin therapy increases nitric oxide-dependent cutaneous vasodilation in humans by decreasing ascorbate-sensitive oxidants
Holowatz, L. A., & Kenney, W. L. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00220.2011 · Cited by 25
“At physiological concentration (22) or when supraphysiological concentrations are administered chronically (9), there is little evidence for ascorbate’s functional effectiveness for increasing NO production or improving vascular function.”
Background
Thermogenic responsiveness to β‐adrenergic stimulation is augmented in exercising versus sedentary adults: role of oxidative stress
Bell, C., Stob, N. R., & Seals, D. R. (2005) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.098756 · Cited by 25
“2004a,b) that the dose of ascorbic acid infused in the present study results in supraphysiological plasma concentrations known to scavenge superoxide anions (Frei et al. 1989; Jackson et al. 1998), and acutely reduces systemic markers of oxidative stress including plasma concentrations of oxidized low-density lipoprot…”
BackgroundInfluential
Consensus meeting on "Relevance of parenteral vitamin C in acute endothelial dependent pathophysiological conditions (EDPC)".
Lehr, H., Germann, G., McGregor, G. P., Migeod, F., Roesen, P., Tanaka, H., Uhlig, C., & Biesalski, H. K. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 25
Pharmacological development of the potential adjuvant therapeutic agents against coronavirus disease 2019
Chen, K., Wang, S., Wang, S.-Y., Yang, Y., Wang, M., Chiou, S.-H., & Chang, Y. (2020) · Journal of the Chinese Medical Association · doi:10.1097/jcma.0000000000000375 · Cited by 24
Protective role of dehydroascorbate in rat liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
Tata, V. D., Brizzi, S., Saviozzi, M., Lazzarotti, A., Fierabracci, V., Malvaldi, G., & Casini, A. (2004) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2004.08.008 · Cited by 24
“However, in a therapeutic perspective, it must be remembered that at least some of harmful consequences of free-radical production can be efficiently counteracted by AA only at supraphysiological concentrations [34].”
Background
Roles of Free Radicals, Nitric Oxide, and Scavenging Enzymes in Nasal Polyp Development
Karlıdağ, T., Keleş, E., İlhan, N., Yakclin, S., Kaygusuz, İ., & Yildiz, M. (2005) · Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology · doi:10.1177/000348940511400207 · Cited by 23
Ascorbate reverses high glucose- and RAGE-induced leak of the endothelial permeability barrier
Meredith, M. E., Qu, Z., & May, J. M. (2014) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.078 · Cited by 23
“In this scenario, scavenging of superoxide or its downstream products by low millimolar concentrations of ascorbate [41] could well decrease oxidant-induced increases in endothelial barrier permeability.”
Background
Effects of a novel ascorbate-based protocol on infarct size and ventricle function in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty
Ramos, C., Brito, R., González‐Montero, J., Valls, N., Gormaz, J. G., Prieto, J. C., Aguayo, R., Puentes, Á., Noriega, V., Pereira, G., et al. (2016) · Archives of Medical Science · doi:10.5114/aoms.2016.59713 · Cited by 24
“Second, ascorbate has to reach high enough levels to counteract the superoxide and NO reactions, occurring at a rate that is 105-fold greater than that at which superoxide reacts with ascorbic acid [19].”
Background
The effectiveness of antioxidant therapy in aspirin resistance, diabetes population for prevention of thrombosis
Aboonabi, A., & Singh, I. (2016) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.044 · Cited by 23
Effect of systemic high dose vitamin C therapy on forearm blood flow reactivity during endotoxemia in healthy human subjects
Aschauer, S., Gouya, G., Klickovic, U., Storka, A., Weisshaar, S., Vollbracht, C., Krick, B., Weiss, G., & Wolzt, M. (2014) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2014.01.007 · Cited by 23
PRETREATMENT WITH INTRAVENOUS ASCORBIC ACID PRESERVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION DURING ACUTE HYPERGLYCAEMIA (R1)
Mullan, B. A., Ennis, C. N., Fee, H. J. P., Young, I. S., & McCance, D. R. (2005) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04193.x · Cited by 23
The effect of local administration of N-acetylcysteine in perforated rat tympanic membrane: an experimental study in myringosclerosis
Özcan, C., Polat, G., Görür, K., Talaş, D. Ü., Bağdatoğlu, Ö., & Cinel, İ. (2002) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1006/phrs.2001.0906 · Cited by 23
Ascorbic Acid Infusion Blunts CD40L Upregulation in Patients Undergoing Coronary Stent
Pignatelli, P., Tanzilli, G., Carnevale, R., Santo, S. D., Loffredo, L., Celestini, A., Proietti, M., Tovaglia, P., Mangieri, E., Basili, S., et al. (2010) · Cardiovascular Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00168.x · Cited by 22
“Even if it has been underscored that ascorbic acid may exert antioxidant effect in vivo only at millimolar concentration [30], it is noteworthy that such concentration can be achieved in vivo when ascorbic acid is intravenously given [31].”
Background
Role of the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway and extracellular environment in the nitric oxide donor‐induced increase in dopamine secretion from PC12 cells: a microdialysis in vitro study
Serra, P. A., Rocchitta, G., Delogu, M. R., Migheli, R., Taras, M. G., Mura, M. P., Esposito, G., MIELE, E., Desole, M. S., & Miele, M. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01947.x · Cited by 22
The role of prostaglandin and antioxidant availability in recovery from forearm ischemia–reperfusion injury in humans
Carter, S. E., Faulkner, A., & Rakobowchuk, M. (2013) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000033 · Cited by 22
“concentrations [12,13] and in contrast, oral supplementation at reduced dosages has failed to attenuate endothelial dysfunction [14].”
BackgroundMethod
Smoking Depletes Vitamin C: Should Smokers Be Recommended to Take Supplements?
Lykkesfeldt, J. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-32232-9_9 · Cited by 23
Signalling pathways in the nitric oxide donor-induced dopamine release in the striatum of freely moving rats: evidence that exogenous nitric oxide promotes Ca2+ entry through store-operated channels
Rocchitta, G., Migheli, R., Mura, M. P., Esposito, G., Desole, M. S., MIELE, E., Miele, M., & Serra, P. A. (2004) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.07.040 · Cited by 22
Ascorbic acid repletion: A possible therapy for diabetic macular edema?
May, J. M. (2016) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.019 · Cited by 22
“At the low mM concentrations of ascorbate likely to exist in endothelial cells [77, 78] and pericytes [79], ascorbate effectively scavenges superoxide [80, 81] and peroxynitrite [82, 83] (Fig.”
Background
A Cecal Slurry Mouse Model of Sepsis Leads to Acute Consumption of Vitamin C in the Brain
Consoli, D. C., Jesse, J. J., Klimo, K. R., Tienda, A. A., Putz, N. D., Bastarache, J. A., & Harrison, F. E. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12040911 · Cited by 24
“In the brain, high concentrations are critical for maintaining optimal brain function and preventing oxidative damage [32,33,58].”
Background
Effects of N-acetylcysteine against systemic and renal hemodynamic effects of endotoxin in healthy humans
Schaller, G., Pleiner, J., Mittermayer, F., Posch, M., Kapiotis, S., & Wolzt, M. (2007) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000275385.45557.25 · Cited by 21
“C is limited since appropriate antioxidant concentrations may only be achieved by very high doses (24, 25).”
Background
Is vitamin C an effective antihypertensive supplement? A review and analysis of the literature
McRae, M. P. (2006) · Journal of Chiropractic Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0899-3467(07)60134-7 · Cited by 20
Measuring vitamin C in critically ill patients: clinical importance and practical difficulties—Is it time for a surrogate marker?
Rozemeijer, S., van der Horst, F. A. L., & de Man, A. (2021) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03670-x · Cited by 22
Acute and chronic effects of vitamin C on endothelial fibrinolytic function in overweight and obese adult humans
Guilder, G. P. V., Hoetzer, G. L., Greiner, J. J., Stauffer, B. L., & DeSouza, C. A. (2008) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.151555 · Cited by 20
“1998), and scavenges superoxide (Jackson et al. 1998).”
Background
Influences of Increased Oxidative Stress on Endothelial Function, Platelets Function, and Fibrinolysis in Hypertension Associated with Glucose Intolerance
Tomiyama, H., Kushiro, T., Okazaki, R., Yoshida, H., Doba, N., & Yamashina, A. (2003) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.26.295 · Cited by 20
“(22) demonstrated that a high physiological concentration of vitamin C (>150 μmol/l) prevented the interaction of NO and superoxide, and in the present study the 298 Hypertens Res Vol.”
Background
Modeling the Interaction of Peroxynitrite with Low-density Lipoproteins. II: Reaction/Diffusion Model of Peroxynitrite in Low-density Lipoprotein Particles
Stanbro, W. D. (2000) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1006/jtbi.2000.2080 · Cited by 20
Adjuvant vitamin C for sepsis: mono or triple?
de Man, A., Straaten, H. M. O., & Berger, M. M. (2019) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2717-x · Cited by 19
Mechanism and regulation of peroxidase-catalyzed nitric oxide consumption in physiological fluids: Critical protective actions of ascorbate and thiocyanate
Rees, M. D., Maiocchi, S. L., Kettle, A. J., & Thomas, S. R. (2014) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.037 · Cited by 19
Impaired capacity for acute endogenous fibrinolysis in smokers is restored by ascorbic acid
Kaehler, J., Koeke, K., Karstens, M., Schneppenheim, R., Meinertz, T., & Heitzer, T. A. (2007) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.08.023 · Cited by 19
“The dose of ascorbic acid was chosen to provide a final plasma concentration of about 10 mmol/L that has been demonstrated to inhibit superoxide anion-mediated lipid peroxidation [12] and to preserve endothelial vasodilator function [13,14].”
Method
Ascorbic acid supplementation diminishes microparticle elevations and neutrophil activation following SCUBA diving
Yang, M., Barak, O. F., Dujić, Ž., Madden, D., Bhopale, V. M., Bhullar, J., & Thom, S. R. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00155.2015 · Cited by 19
Nitration and Glycation Diminish the α-Synuclein Role in the Formation and Scavenging of Cu2+-Catalyzed Reactive Oxygen Species
Martínez-Orozco, H., Mariño, L., Uceda, A. B., Ortega‐Castro, J., Vilanova, B., Frau, J., & Adrover, M. (2019) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00142 · Cited by 19
Endothelial dysfunction and altered bradykinin response due to oxidative stress induced by serum deprivation in the bovine cerebral artery
Maeda, Y., Hirano, K., Nishimura, J., Sasaki, T., & Kanaide, H. (2004) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.03.019 · Cited by 19
Structure and biological property studies of the fluorinated sulfonic esters derived from 2-hydroxy-4-(hydroxy/methoxy)acetophenone as inhibitors of biochemical targets linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mphahlele, M. J., Nkoana, J. K., Gildenhuys, S., & Elhenawy, A. A. (2023) · Journal of Fluorine Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jfluchem.2023.110233 · Cited by 18
Rho-kinase inhibition improves vasodilator responsiveness during hyperinsulinemia in the metabolic syndrome
Schinzari, F., Tesauro, M., Rovella, V., Daniele, N. D., Gentileschi, P., Mores, N., Campia, U., & Cardillo, C. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00206.2012 · Cited by 18
“premature NO deactivation by superoxide anions (14).”
Role of the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway and ascorbic acid in 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1)-induced increases in dopamine secretion from PC12 cells. A microdialysis in vitro study
Serra, P. A., Migheli, R., Rocchitta, G., Taras, M. G., Mura, M. P., Delogu, M. R., Esposito, G., Desole, M. S., MIELE, E., & Miele, M. (2003) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.07.022 · Cited by 18
Analysis of 3‐morpholinosydnonimine and sodium nitroprusside effects on dopamine release in the striatum of freely moving rats: role of nitric oxide, iron and ascorbic acid
Serra, P. A., Esposito, G., Delogu, M. R., Migheli, R., Rocchitta, G., Grella, G., MIELE, E., Miele, M., & Desole, M. S. (2000) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703635 · Cited by 18
“Ascorbic acid may either protect NO from destruction by superoxide anion (Dudgeon et al., 1998; Jackson et al., 1998) or scavenge it (Whiteman & Halliwell, 1996).”
Background
Vitamin E protects against stress‐induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats more effectively than vitamin C
Ohta, Y., Imai, Y., Kaida, S., Kamiya, Y., Kawanishi, M., & Hirata, I. (2010) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.73 · Cited by 17
“VC prevents the interaction of O2 and NO at very high physiological concentrations [53] and reacts with ONOO in vitro [54].”
Background
Vitamin C improves endothelial function in healthy estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women
McSorley, P., Young, I. S., Bell, P. M., Fee, J. P. H., & McCance, D. R. (2003) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/cmt.6.3.238.247 · Cited by 17
Serum Levels of Vitamin E Are Associated With Early Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation After Electric Cardioversion
Ferro, D., Franciosa, P., Cangemi, R., Carnevale, R., Pignatelli, P., Loffredo, L., Perri, L., Catasca, E., & Violi, F. (2012) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.111.968248 · Cited by 17
Nanotherapies for Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: a Case for Antioxidant Targeted Delivery
Cartaya, A., Maiocchi, S. L., & Bahnson, E. M. (2019) · Current Pathobiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40139-019-00196-4 · Cited by 17
Curcumin therapy to treat vascular dysfunction in children and young adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Design and baseline characteristics of participants
Nowak, K. L., Farmer‐Bailey, H., Cadnapaphornchai, M. A., You, Z., George, D. M., Wang, W., Jovanovich, A. J., Soranno, D. E., Gitomer, B. Y., & Chonchol, M. (2020) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100635 · Cited by 17
Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension
Morales‐Ruiz, M., Rodríguez‐Vita, J., Ribera, J., & Jiménez, W. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37078-6_144 · Cited by 17
“Antioxidant treatments effectively reverse the impaired intrahepatic production of NO (Ting et al. 1996; Jackson et al. 1998; Taddei et al. 1998; Hernandez-Guerra et al. 2006; Karaa et al. 2006).”
Protective effects of anthocyanins against brain ischemic damage
Škėmienė, K., Pampuščenko, K., Rekuvienė, E., & Borutaitė, V. (2020) · Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes · doi:10.1007/s10863-020-09825-9 · Cited by 17
“…obtained results with well-known antioxidant – ascorbic acid (AA), in its oxidized form dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), which penetrates the blood–brain barrier through glucose transporters and accumulates within brain cells (Agus et al. 1997; Jackson et al. 1998; Vera et al. 1993; Vera et al. 1995).”
Background
Vitamins, Antioxidants and Endothelial Function in Coronary Artery Disease
Hornig, B. (2002) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1023/a:1022182201534 · Cited by 17
“It should be noted, however, that ascorbate prevents the interaction of superoxide anions and nitric oxide only at very high physiological concentrations [21] and that in all human studies only high doses of vitamin C were effective.”
Background
N -desethylamiodarone modulates intracellular calcium concentration in endothelial cells
Himmel, H. M., Dobrev, D., Grossmann, M., & Ravens, U. (2000) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002100000301 · Cited by 16
“Since persistent micromolar Ca 2+ concentrations may be caused by reactive oxygen species or free radicals (Geeraerts et al. 1991; Volk et al. 1997; for review see Kourie 1998), we examined the effect of the antioxidant ascorbic acid (Frei et al. 1989; Jackson et al. 1998 ).”
Background
Analysis of S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine effects on dopamine release in the striatum of freely moving rats: role of endogenous ascorbic acid and oxidative stress
Serra, P. A., Esposito, G., Delogu, M. R., Migheli, R., Rocchitta, G., MIELE, E., Desole, M. S., & Miele, M. (2001) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703887 · Cited by 16
“Ascorbic acid may either generate NO from nitrite ions (NO2 7) in the extracellular space (Millar, 1995), protect NO from destruction by superoxide anions (Dudgeon et al., 1998; Jackson et al., 1998), or scavenge it (Whiteman & Halliwell, 1996).”
Background
A study on the role of nitric oxide and iron in 3‐morpholino‐sydnonimine‐induced increases in dopamine release in the striatum of freely moving rats
Serra, P. A., Rocchitta, G., Esposito, G., Delogu, M. R., Migheli, R., MIELE, E., Desole, M. S., & Miele, M. (2001) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704232 · Cited by 16
“Ascorbic acid is a natural inhibitor of peroxynitrite generation (Jackson et al., 1998; Kirsch & de Groot, 2000), while uric acid is a natural scavenger of peroxynitrite (Hooper et al., 1998); however, in this study, SIN-1 infusion a ected neither ascorbic acid nor uric acid dialysate levels.”
Background
Dehydroascorbate protection against dioxin-induced toxicity in the β-cell line INS-1E
Martino, L., Novelli, M., Masini, M., CHIMENTI, D., Piaggi, S., Masiello, P., & Tata, V. D. (2009) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.025 · Cited by 16
Cardioprotective Mechanisms against Reperfusion Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Targeting Angiotensin II Receptors
Méndez-Valdés, G., Pérez-Carreño, V., Bragato, M. C., Hundahl, M. P., Chichiarelli, S., Saso, L., & Rodrigo, R. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11010017 · Cited by 18
“Normal plasma Vit C levels are around 50–70 μmol/L [44]; however, Vit C must reach a plasma concentration of 10 mmol/L to displace the reaction of the superoxide anion radical with nitric oxide, which acts at a rate 105 times greater than that of the reaction between ascorbic acid and the superoxide anion radical [45,…”
Background
Modulation of Gap Junction-Dependent Arterial Relaxation by Ascorbic Acid
Edwards, D. H., Chaytor, A. T., Bakker, L. M., & Griffith, T. M. (2007) · Journal of Vascular Research · doi:10.1159/000104254 · Cited by 15
“It is also conceivable that AA could modulate the effects of residual NO activity, since there is evidence that the vitamin can either decrease or increase the bioavailability of NO according to experimental conditions [ , , , ,”
Background
High-Dose Intravenous Ascorbic Acid: Ready for Prime Time in Traumatic Brain Injury?
Leichtle, S. W., Sarma, A. K., Strein, M., Yajnik, V., Rivet, D. J., Sima, A. P., & Brophy, G. M. (2019) · Neurocritical Care · doi:10.1007/s12028-019-00829-x · Cited by 16
Ascorbic acid abrogates microparticle generation and vascular injuries associated with high-pressure exposure
Yang, M., Bhopale, V. M., & Thom, S. R. (2015) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00183.2015 · Cited by 15
“These events are inhibited by ascorbic acid, which is an efficient singlet O2 scavenger but a relatively poor scavenger for more highly reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide (NO·), and related agents such as peroxynitrite (5, 19).”
Background
Pharmacological Approaches to the Treatment of Oxidative Stress-Induced Cardiovascular Dysfunctions
Zamora, P. L., & Villamena, F. A. (2013) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.4155/fmc.13.15 · Cited by 14
Dissociation between vascular oxidative stress and cardiovascular function in Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats
Sicard, P., Oudot, A., Guilland, J.-C., Moreau, D., Vergely, C., & Rochette, L. (2006) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2006.04.001 · Cited by 15
“Indeed, physiologic concentrations of vitamin C are unlikely to play a role in countering the interaction of nitric oxide and superoxide anion (Jackson et al., 1998), a mechanism that has been put forward to support the oxidative hypothesis of hypertension.”
Background
Redox modulation of the inotropic response to dobutamine is impaired in patients with heart failure
Mak, S. S., & Newton, G. E. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00633.2003 · Cited by 15
“It has been demonstrated that vitamin C effectively suppresses lipid peroxidation in human plasma (10) and that vitamin C is an effective scavenger of the superoxide anion radical (20), an important ROS in aerobic organisms.”
Background
Discovery of Water‐Soluble Antioxidant Flavonols without Vasorelaxant Activity
Yap, S., Loft, K. J., Woodman, O. L., & Williams, S. J. (2008) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.200800146 · Cited by 15
Divergent effects of vitamin C on relaxations of rabbit aortic rings to acetylcholine and NO‐donors
de Saram, K., McNeill, K. L., Khokher, S., Ritter, J. M., & Chowienczyk, P. (2002) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704541 · Cited by 15
“However, the rate constant for the reaction of NO with O2 7 greatly exceeds that for the reaction of ascorbate with O2 7 making this mechanism unlikely except possibly at ascorbate concentrations achieved during intra-arterial delivery of vitamin C (Jackson et al., 1998).”
Background
Paradoxical effects of vitamin C in Chagas disease
Castanheira, J. R. P. T., Castanho, R. E. P., Rocha, H., Pagliari, C., Duarte, M. I. S., Therezo, A. L. S., Chagas, E. F. B., & Martins, L. P. A. (2018) · Parasitology International · doi:10.1016/j.parint.2018.05.002 · Cited by 13
How does ascorbate improve endothelial dysfunction? - A computational analysis
Panday, S., Kar, S., & Kavdia, M. (2021) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.031 · Cited by 14
Integrated molecular response of exposure to traffic-related pollutants in the US trucking industry
Walker, D. I., Hart, J. E., Patel, C. J., Rudel, R. A., Chu, J., Garshick, E., Pennell, K. D., Laden, F., & Jones, D. P. (2021) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106957 · Cited by 13
“(Brown and Hu 2001; Heller et al. 2001; Jackson et al. 1998; Padayatty et al. 2003) Increased oxidation, particularly of thiol couples, and subsequent shift towards a more positive steady state redox potential has been shown to regulate early events in atherosclerosis and is associated with CVD and endothelial dysfunc…”
Effect of vitamin C and l -NMMA on the inotropic response to dobutamine in patients with heart failure
Mak, S. S., Overgaard, C. B., & Newton, G. E. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00453.2005 · Cited by 13
“Importantly, the dose of vitamin C in our studies (96 mg/min) was selected to achieve an intracoronary concentration of at least 1 mmol/l, which is sufficient in vitro to compete with O2 and prevent its participation in a reaction with, and thereby consuming, NO (9, 14, 28).”
Background
Synthesis of a hypoxia-targeted conjugate of the cardioprotective agent 3′,4′-dihydroxyflavonol and evaluation of its ability to reduce ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Yap, S., Woodman, O. L., Crack, P. J., & Williams, S. J. (2011) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.040 · Cited by 13
Papel de los antioxidantes en la prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular
Páramo, A. J., Orbe, M. A. J., & Rodríguez, J. A. (2001) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/s0025-7753(01)71926-4 · Cited by 13
Systemic and renal effect of nicotine in non-smokers
Halimi, J., & Mimran, A. (2000) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200018110-00019 · Cited by 13
Consumption of flavonoid-rich fruits and risk of CHD: a prospective cohort study
Yang, Y., Dong, J.-Y., Cui, R., Muraki, I., Yamagishi, K., Sawada, N., Iso, H., & Tsugane, S. (2020) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114520001993 · Cited by 14
“Vitamin C can also decrease the bioavailability of superoxide, relieving superoxide-mediated nitric oxide inactivation(28).”
Background
Ascorbic Acid Prevents Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Electronic Hookah (Waterpipe) Vaping
Rezk‐Hanna, M., Seals, D. R., Rossman, M. J., Gupta, R., Nettle, C. O., Means, A., Dobrin, D., Cheng, C., Brecht, M., Mosenifar, Z., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.019271 · Cited by 12
Vitamin C for Sepsis and Septic Shock
Ammar, M. A., Ammar, A. A., Condeni, M. S., & Bell, C. M. (2021) · American Journal of Therapeutics · doi:10.1097/mjt.0000000000001423 · Cited by 12
Can intradermal administration of angiotensin II influence human heat loss responses during whole body heat stress?
Fujii, N., Meade, R. D., Paull, G., McGinn, R. N., Foudil‐bey, I., Akbari, P., & Kenny, G. P. (2015) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00025.2015 · Cited by 12
Oxidative Stress and Essential Hypertension
Rodrigo, R., Brito, R., & González, J. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/64079 · Cited by 11
Central Infusion of L-Arginine or Superoxide Dismutase Does Not Alter Arterial Pressure in SHR.
Kagiyama, S., Tsuchihashi, T., Abe, I., Matsumura, K., & Fujishima, M. (2000) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.23.339 · Cited by 12
GLOBAL REACH 2018: intra‐arterial vitamin C improves endothelial‐dependent vasodilatory function in humans at high altitude
Stone, R. M., Ainslie, P. N., Tremblay, J. C., Akins, J. D., MacLeod, D. B., Tymko, M. M., DeSouza, C. A., & Bain, A. R. (2021) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp282281 · Cited by 11
Effect of ascorbic acid on forearm reactive hyperaemia in patients with hypercholesterolaemia
Protogerou, A. D., Lekakis, J. P., Kontoyanni, D. D., Stamatelopoulos, K., Tsotsoros, N. D., Papaioannou, T., Tryfonopoulos, D. J., Papamichael, C. M., & Stamatelopoulos, S. (2004) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000095049.46631.b9 · Cited by 11
The Use of Antioxidants for Cardiovascular Protection in Fetal Growth Restriction: A Systematic Review
Rock, C. R., Miller, S., & Allison, B. J. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13111400 · Cited by 10
“Jackson et al. [84] previously demonstrated that although vitamin C can scavenge superoxide at low concentrations, endothelium-mediated vasodilation only resulted from high concentrations of vitamin C.”
Oxygen Depletion and the Role of Cellular Antioxidants in FLASH Radiotherapy: Mechanistic Insights from Monte Carlo Radiation-Chemical Modeling
Rabeya, I., Meesungnoen, J., & Jay‐Gerin, J. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14040406 · Cited by 10
“Similarly, these radicals exhibit minimal reactivity with • NO [110].”
Influential
Protective effect of L-ascorbic acid against oxidative damage in the liver of rats with water-immersion restraint stress
Kaida, S., Ohta, Y., Imai, Y., & Kawanishi, M. (2010) · Redox Report · doi:10.1179/174329210x12650506622925 · Cited by 10
Influence of physical inactivity on arterial compliance during a glucose challenge
Credeur, D. P., Reynolds, L. J., Holwerda, S. W., Vranish, J. R., Young, B. E., Wang, J., Thyfault, J. P., & Fadel, P. J. (2018) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep086713 · Cited by 10
The Challenges and Effects of Ascorbic Acid Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Studies
Gao, L., Chong, E., Pendharkar, S. A., Phillips, A., Ke, L., Li, W., & Windsor, J. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.734558 · Cited by 10
“While direct antioxidant scavenging effects exist at markedly supraphysiologic levels (about 1–10 mmol/L, 10–100 times higher than the normal levels) (66), highlighting the use of high-dose (10–16 g/day) AA administration (65, 67, 68).”
Background
Coronary endothelial dysfunction is not rapidly reversible with ascorbic acid
Widlansky, M. E., Biegelsen, E. S., Hamburg, N. M., Duffy, S. J., Keaney, J. F., & Vita, J. A. (2003) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2003.10.016 · Cited by 10
Tetrahydrobiopterin in the vascular system
Walter, R. B., Schaffner, A., & Schoedon, G. (2001) · Pteridines · doi:10.1515/pteridines.2001.12.3.93 · Cited by 10
Chemical composition/pharmacophore modelling- based, virtual screening, molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies for the discovery of novel superoxide dismutase (SODs) of bioactive molecules from aerial parts of Inula Montana as antioxydant’s agents
Achiri, R., Mesli, F., Benomari, F. Z., Djabou, N., Tabti, B., Muselli, A., & Dib, M. E. A. (2021) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2021.1971563 · Cited by 9
“Research by (Jackson et al., 1998) has shown that normal extracellular concentrations of ascorbic acid (30 to 150 micromoles/L) are not likely to prevent the interaction of NO (nitric oxide) with superoxide in physiological conditions.”
Background

Authors: Jackson, T. S., Xu, A., Vita, J. A., & Keaney, J. F.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
ORCID: Vita, Joseph A.
Keaney, John F.
Venue: Circulation Research
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1998-11-02
Volume: 83
Issue: 9
Pages: 916-922
ISSN: 0009-7330 (ISSN-L)
1524-4571
DOI: 10.1161/01.res.83.9.916
OpenAlex: W2155603952
Cited by: 400
References: 48
Citations by year: 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 11.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Circulation Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: American Heart Association
National Institutes of Health (5r01hl059346-02, HL59346, HL55854, 1r01hl053398-01a1)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL59346, HL 53398, P01HL055854, HL-55854)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Keywords: vitamin C, superoxide, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, peroxynitrite, nitrotyrosine, endothelium-derived nitric oxide, acetylcholine-induced relaxation, diethyldithiocarbamate
MeSH terms: Animals, Ascorbic Acid, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Male, Nitric Oxide, Pyrogallol, Rabbits, Superoxides, Vasodilation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Ascorbate Prevents the Interaction of Superoxide and Nitric Oxide Only at Very High Physiological Concentrations

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks