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Cited by 190Acute Ischemic Stroke ManagementSmoking Behavior and CessationCardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cigarette Smoking as a Risk Factor for Stroke Death in Japan: NIPPON DATA80

Ueshima, Hirotsugu, Reza Choudhury, Sohel, Okayama, Akira, Hayakawa, Takehito, Kita, Yoshikuni, Kadowaki, Takashi, Okamura, Tomonori, Minowa, Masumi, Iimura, Osamu·2004·Stroke
DOI 10.1161/01.str.0000131747.84423.74
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Abstract

Background and Purpose— Some previous Japanese cohort studies failed to show an association between smoking and stroke risk. Because such an association has been noted in other populations, this issue should be re-examined in a recent representative Japanese cohort with a higher total cholesterol level. Methods— A total of 9638 men and women aged 30 years and older without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline in 1980 were followed-up for 14 years. Results— We observed 203 stroke deaths (107 cerebral infarctions, 45 cerebral hemorrhages, and 51 others), 191 heart disease deaths, and 413 CVD deaths. The average serum total cholesterol level was ≈4.91 mmol/L. Cox proportional hazard ratios were calculated adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, and other conventional risk factors. The hazard ratios for men who smoked 1 to 20 cigarettes/day for all strokes, cerebral infarction, and cerebral hemorrhage were 1.60 (95% CI, 0.91 to 2.79), 2.97 (CI, 1.27 to 6.98), and 0.42 (CI, 0.16 to 1.09), respectively, and for those who smoked ≥21 cigarettes/day, they were 2.17 (CI, 1.09 to 4.30), 3.26 (CI, 1.11 to 9.56), and 0.68 (CI, 0.20 to 2.33), respectively. For women who smoked ≥21 cigarettes/day, the hazard ratio for all strokes was 3.91 (CI, 1.18 to 12.90). For CVD, all heart disease, and ischemic heart disease, the hazard risks of smoking were significant (1.49 to 4.25) for men but not significant for women. Conclusions— Smoking in a cohort with moderate serum total cholesterol level was a potent risk factor for stroke, especially cerebral infarction, for both men and women, and for CVD and ischemic heart disease for men.

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  1. 10.1001/jama.1988.03720070025028 · DOI
  2. Hirayama T. An epidemiological study on the relationship between cigarette smoking and arteriosclerosis based on 13 years follow-up of 265 118 adults aged 40 and above in 29 health center districts in Japan. Saishin Igaku. 1981; 36: 798–809.In Japanese.
  3. 10.1161/str.31.11.2616 · DOI
  4. 10.1161/str.28.1.45 · DOI
  5. 10.1001/archinte.1995.00430070036004 · DOI
  6. 10.1161/circ.79.3.2783893 · DOI
  7. 10.1161/circ.96.9.3243 · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Ueshima, H., Reza Choudhury, S., Okayama, A., Hayakawa, T., Kita, Y., Kadowaki, T., Okamura, T., Minowa, M., & Iimura, O.
Affiliations
  • Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
  • From the Department of Health Science (H.U., Y.K., T.K., T.O.), Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; the Department of Community Medicine (S.R.C.), School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia; the Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (A.O.), School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan; the Department of Environmental Medicine (T.H.), Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan; the Department of Epidemiology (M.M.), National...
Corresponding author
Ueshima, Hirotsugu
ORCID
Venue
Stroke
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2004-08
Volume
35
Issue
8
Pages
1836-1841
ISSN
  • 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4628
DOI
10.1161/01.str.0000131747.84423.74
OpenAlex
W1992957574
Cited by
189
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
FWCI
8.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Stroke (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Keywords
cigarette smoking, stroke mortality, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, cardiovascular mortality, ischemic heart disease, total cholesterol, sex differences, smoking intensity, Japanese population
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Smoking, Proportional Hazards Models, Stroke

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