Cited by 1,081Stroke Rehabilitation and RecoveryAcute Ischemic Stroke ManagementMedical Practices and Rehabilitation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Effects of Augmented Exercise Therapy Time After Stroke: A Meta-Analysis

Kwakkel, Gert, van Peppen, Roland, Wagenaar, Robert C., Wood Dauphinee, Sharon, Richards, Carol, Ashburn, Ann, Miller, Kimberly, Lincoln, Nadina, Partridge, Cecily, Wellwood, Ian, Langhorne, Peter·2004·Stroke

DOI 10.1161/01.str.0000143153.76460.7d

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background and Purpose— To present a systematic review of studies that addresses the effects of intensity of augmented exercise therapy time (AETT) on activities of daily living (ADL), walking, and dexterity in patients with stroke. Summary of Review— A database of articles published from 1966 to November 2003 was compiled from MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, DARE, and PiCarta using combinations of the following key words: stroke, cerebrovascular disorders, physical therapy, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, exercise therapy, rehabilitation, intensity, dose–response relationship, effectiveness, and randomized controlled trial. References presented in relevant publications were examined as well as abstracts in proceedings. Studies that satisfied the following selection criteria were included: (1) patients had a diagnosis of stroke; (2) effects of intensity of exercise training were investigated; and (3) design of the study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT). For each outcome measure, the estimated effect size (ES) and the summary effect size (SES) expressed in standard deviation units (SDU) were calculated for ADL, walking speed, and dexterity using fixed and random effect models. Correlation coefficients were calculated between observed individual effect sizes on ADL of each study, additional time spent on exercise training, and methodological quality. Cumulative meta-analyses (random effects model) adjusted for the difference in treatment intensity in each study was used for the trials evaluating the effects of AETT provided. Twenty of the 31 candidate studies, involving 2686 stroke patients, were included in the synthesis. The methodological quality ranged from 2 to 10 out of the maximum score of 14 points. The meta-analysis resulted in a small but statistically significant SES with regard to ADL measured at the end of the intervention phase. Further analysis showed a significant homogeneous SES for 17 studies that investigated effects of increased exercise intensity within the first 6 months after stroke. No significant SES was observed for the 3 studies conducted in the chronic phase. Cumulative meta-analysis strongly suggests that at least a 16-hour difference in treatment time between experimental and control groups provided in the first 6 months after stroke is needed to obtain significant differences in ADL. A significant SES supporting a higher intensity was also observed for instrumental ADL and walking speed, whereas no significant SES was found for dexterity. Conclusion— The results of the present research synthesis support the hypothesis that augmented exercise therapy has a small but favorable effect on ADL, particularly if therapy input is augmented at least 16 hours within the first 6 months after stroke. This meta-analysis also suggests that clinically relevant treatment effects may be achieved on instrumental ADL and gait speed.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1161/01.str.0000143153.76460.7d

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Book Reviews: Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis Larry V. Hedges and Ingram Olkin New York: Academic Press, 1985. xxii + 369 pp
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
The Handbook of Research Synthesis.
Howel, D., Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1995) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533295 · Cited by 3,657
Stroke--1989. Recommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Report of the WHO Task Force on Stroke and other Cerebrovascular Disorders.
(1989) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.20.10.1407 · Cited by 1,543
Probability of Regaining Dexterity in the Flaccid Upper Limb
Kwakkel, G., Kollen, B. J., van der Grond, J., & Prevo, A. J. H. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000087172.16305.cd · Cited by 1,409
Self-citation
A controlled trial
Kennedy, C. O. (1971) · British Homeopathic journal · doi:10.1016/s0007-0785(71)80027-3 · Cited by 976
Intensity of leg and arm training after primary middle-cerebral-artery stroke: a randomised trial
Kwakkel, G., WAGENAAR, R. C., Twisk, J. W. R., Lankhorst, G. J., & Koetsier, J. C. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)09477-x · Cited by 931
Self-citation
Task-related circuit training improves performance of locomotor tasks in chronic stroke: A randomized, controlled pilot trial
Dean, C. M., Richards, C. L., & Malouin, F. (2000) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1053/mr.2000.3839 · Cited by 666
Self-citation
Effects of Intensity of Rehabilitation After Stroke
Kwakkel, G., WAGENAAR, R. C., Koelman, T. W., Lankhorst, G. J., & Koetsier, J. C. (1997) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.28.8.1550 · Cited by 588
Self-citation

Show all 54 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

10.1161/str.32.1.268 · DOI
10.1161/str.28.8.1550 · DOI
10.1161/str.30.3.573 · DOI
10.1161/str.29.4.785 · DOI
10.1161/str.20.10.2799873 · DOI
Hedges L Olkin I. Statistical Methods for Meta-analysis. Orlanda Fla: Academic Press; 1985.
Raudenbush S. Random effects model. In: Cooper H Hedges LV eds. The Handbook of Research Synthesis. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 1994: 301–323.
10.1161/str.16.6.3911506 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 1,000

Parametric Design of a Finger Rehabilitation Mechanism with Double Action and Two Degrees of Freedom
Nava-Téllez, I. A., Elías-Espinosa, M., Cervantes-Culebro, H., & Flores-González, A. E. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app122110701 · Cited by 3
Carer-supported home-based exercises designed to target physical activity levels and functional mobility after stroke: a scoping review
Jovic, E., Ahuja, K., Lawler, K., Hardcastle, S., & Bird, M. (2023) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2023.2256663 · Cited by 3
Human-machine symbiosis: ambivalent intuitions regarding gain and loss of personal control explain acceptance of smart mobility aids
Löloff, J., Theisen, M., Mertens, A., & Funke, J. (2023) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2276812 · Cited by 3
Why do some people with stroke not receive the recommended 45 min of occupational therapy and physiotherapy after stroke? A qualitative study using focus groups
Clark, B., Burridge, J. H., Whitall, J., Turk, R., Hughes, A., & Truman, J. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072275 · Cited by 3
A Novel Fingertip Tactile Sensory System for Humanoid Full-Hand Robotic Grasping
Wang, X., Meng, F., & Li, K. (2024) · International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics (ICARM) · doi:10.1109/icarm62033.2024.10715973 · Cited by 3
Development of a telemedicine service that enables functional training for stroke patients in the home environment
Weering, M. D.-V., & Vollenbroek-Hutten, M. M. R. (2015) · Workshop on ICTs for improving Patients Rehabilitation Research Techniques (REHAB) · doi:10.1145/2838944.2838971 · Cited by 3
Study of factors affecting the outcome and effect of early mobilization of SAH patients
Moriya, M., Sumi, K., Miyazaki, S., & Aoki, C. (2015) · Nosotchu · doi:10.3995/jstroke.10351 · Cited by 3
Sistema de Biofeedback para Rehabilitación de Marcha Asistida por un Exoesqueleto
Mayor, J. J. V., Jiménez, N. J. V., Hoyos, G. P. A., & Bravo, E. F. C. (2019) · Revista Ingeniería Biomédica · doi:10.24050/19099762.n24.2018.713 · Cited by 3
A professional development program increased the intensity of practice undertaken in an inpatient, upper limb rehabilitation class: A pre‐post study
Schneider, E. J., Lannin, N. A., & Ada, L. (2019) · Australian Occupational Therapy Journal · doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12562 · Cited by 3
Neurorehabilitation Practice for Stroke Patients
Mehrholz, J. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108659574.026 · Cited by 3
Comparison of Two Circuit Class Therapy Programs on Walking Capacity, Gait Velocity and Stair Ambulation among Patients with Chronic Stroke: a Parallel Pretest-Posttest Pilot Study
Mendoza, K. G., Aguila, M. E. R., Alfonso, F. C. S., Alfonso, M. G. T., Elmi, K. D., & Gorgon, E. J. R. (2020) · Acta Medica Philippina · doi:10.47895/amp.vi0.2434 · Cited by 3
Neural Interfaces Involving the CNS and PNS Combined with Upper Limb Actuators for Motor Rehabilitation After Stroke: Technical and Clinical Considerations
Irastorza-Landa, N., Sarasola-Sanz, A., Bibián, C., Ray, A. M., Insausti-Delgado, A., Helmhold, F., Mahmoud, W. J., Ortego-Isasa, I., López‐Larraz, E., & Ramos‐Murguialday, A. (2023) · Handbook of Neuroengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5540-1_120 · Cited by 3
Effects of a remote-handling-concept–based task-oriented arm training (ReHab-TOAT) on arm-hand skill performance in chronic stroke: a study protocol for a two-armed randomized controlled trial
Elmanowski, J., Seelen, H. A. M., Geers, R. P. J., Kleynen, M., & Verbunt, J. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07139-w · Cited by 3
Protocol for Community-Based Exercise Training after Discharge from Hospital-Based Stroke Rehabilitation: A Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind Controlled Pilot and Feasibility Trial
Kang, D., Park, J., & Eun, S.-D. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11162275 · Cited by 3
Effects of recreational therapy on functional independence of people recovering from stroke.
Williams, R., Barrett, J. L., Vercoe, H., Maahs-Fladung, C., Loy, D. P., & Skalko, T. K. (2007) · Therapeutic Recreation Journal · Cited by 3
The Effect of Circuit Class Training on the Synthesis of Central Serotonin in People with Post-stroke Depression
Baek, I.-H., Kim, B.-J., & Park, K.-H. (2012) · Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine · doi:10.13066/kspm.2012.7.4.451 · Cited by 3
Design and engineering of game-like virtual and multimodal environments
Raymaekers, C., Coninx, K., & González-Calleros, J. M. (2010) · ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems (EICS) · doi:10.1145/1822018.1822083 · Cited by 3
Establishing an effective quantity of physiotherapy after stroke: A discussion
Purton, J., & Golledge, J. (2007) · International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.12968/ijtr.2007.14.7.23853 · Cited by 3
Testing of the short self-efficacy and outcome expectations
Resnick, B. M., Shaughnessy, M., Whitall, J., Michael, K., Nahm, E.-S., Orwig, D., Kopunek, S., & Macko, R. F. (2007) · International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.12968/ijtr.2007.14.3.23524 · Cited by 3
Individualized robot-assisted training for MS- and stroke patients in I-TRAVLE
Notelaers, S., Weyer, T. D., Octavia, J. R., Coninx, K., Bastiaens, H., & Feys, P. (2011) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/20110100069 · Cited by 3
Increasing the Intensity of Rehabilitation to Improve Activity after Stroke: Systematic Review Protocol
Lannin, E. J. S. N. A. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Trials · doi:10.4172/2167-0870.1000195 · Cited by 3
Hemiparetic Optimal Practice and Evaluation (H.O.P.E.) for the Stroke Survivor with Very Low Hand Function
Carter, V. A. (2008) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/tsr1506-586 · Cited by 3
How to gain evidence in neurorehabilitation: a personal view
Luft, A. R. (2012) · Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1515/bmt-2011-0135 · Cited by 3
Deficits in upper limbs after stroke
Soares, A. V., Júnior, N. G. B., Domenech, S. C., & Loch, M. D. S. G. (2015) · Revista Neurociências · doi:10.4181/rnc.2015.23.02.992.7p · Cited by 3
Using a bimanual lever-driven wheelchair for arm movement practice early after stroke: A pilot, randomized, controlled, single-blind trial
Smith, B. W., Lobo-Prat, J., Zondervan, D. K., Lew, C. O., Chan, V., Chou, C., Toledo, S. S. F. , Reinkensmeyer, D. J., Shaw, S. M., & Cramer, S. C. (2021) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/02692155211014362 · Cited by 3
Evidence of occupational therapy’s contribution to healthcare
Sarsak, H. I. (2019) · MOJ Current Research & Reviews · doi:10.15406/mojcrr.2019.02.00054 · Cited by 3
Preliminary Results from the Use of the SOFTROBOT Platform in Stroke Patients
Rodriguez‐Guerrero, C., Ana, B. M., Navarrete, P. O., Fraile, J. C., & Farina, P. R. (2013) · Biosystems & biorobotics · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34546-3_34 · Cited by 3
Interface providers in stroke neurorehabilitation
Béné, R., Beck, N., Vajda, B., Popović, S., Ćosić, K., & Demarin, V. (2012) · Hrčak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia (University Computing Centre) · Cited by 3
Circuit class therapy versus one-to-one therapy sessions
English, C. (2007) · International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.12968/ijtr.2007.14.5.23536 · Cited by 3
Effect of tetraataxiometric posturography programs (TETRAX) on stroke patients with impaired standing balance
Sharma, B., GAUR, P., & KADIAN, P. (2022) · SALT Journal of Scientific Research in Healthcare · doi:10.56735/saltjsrh.ms2202012030 · Cited by 2
Agreement of activity monitors for assessment of patients with sub-acute stroke in an inpatient rehabilitation facility
Hayes, H., McFadden, M., Gerace, L., & Brusseau, T. A. (2023) · Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology · doi:10.1080/17483107.2023.2290637 · Cited by 2
Research on multi-dimensional intelligent quantitative assessment of upper limb function based on kinematic parameters
Li, S., Cai, W., Zhu, P., He, W., Zheng, J., Fang, F., & Yu, H. (2024) · Technology and Health Care · doi:10.3233/thc-231076 · Cited by 2
Admission to specialised neurocritical units and association with clinical outcomes
Pham, X., Chaba, A., Neto, A. S., Litton, E., Pilcher, D., Laing, J., Perucca, P., Kwan, P., O'Brien, T. J., & Udy, A. A. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2025.111471 · Cited by 2
Aphasia rehabilitation: a narrative review of adjuvant techniques
Harnish, S. M., Jewell, C. C., Freitag, N. G., Terry, G. E., & Anderson, G. I. (2025) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2025.1554147 · Cited by 2
Effects of task-oriented circuit class training on walking ability after stroke: a meta-analysis
Chen, L., Xiuli, W., & Zheng, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1724575 · Cited by 2
Update on Rehabilitation After Stroke: Global Changes and the Continued Importance of Therapy Intensity, Dose, and Timing
Teasell, R. W., Dukelow, S. P., Flores‐Sandoval, C., Mehrabi, S., & Stein, J. M. (2026) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.125.051716 · Cited by 2
Does frequent use of an exoskeletal upper limb robot improve motor function in stroke patients?
Iwamoto, Y., Tanaka, R., Imura, T., Mitsutake, T., Jung, H., Suzukawa, T., Taki, S., Imada, N., Inagawa, T., Araki, H., et al. (2022) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2022.2055163 · Cited by 2
Effects of mirror therapy in the treatment of patients with various pain syndromes - literature review
Pausic, V., Jovanovic, G., Simić, S., & Knezevic, J. (2021) · Medicinski pregled · doi:10.2298/mpns2108257p · Cited by 2
Non-Invasive Technologies in Neurorehabilitation
Matamala-Gomez, M., Malighetti, C., Mancuso, V., Bernini, S., & Bottiroli, S. (2022) · Advances in human and social aspects of technology book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-6015-3.ch005 · Cited by 2
Recovery of Sensorimotor Functions After Stroke and SCI: Neurophysiological Basis of Rehabilitation Technology
Dietz, V., Marchal–Crespo, L., & Reinkensmeyer, D. J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08995-4_3 · Cited by 2
Is a novel digital system for arm and hand rehabilitation suitable for stroke survivors? A qualitative process evaluation of OnTrack
Taylor, E., Fusari, G., Darzi, A. W., & Jones, F. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062119 · Cited by 2
Effects of Aerobic Conditioning on Individuals Post-Stroke: What Is the Evidence?
Gonçalves, R. L., Suzuki, I. D. F. A., Sanchez, F. F., de Leon, E. B., & Andrade, P. M. O. (2016) · International Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.4236/ijcm.2016.73026 · Cited by 2
On the development of a wireless motion capture sensor node for upper limb rehabilitation
Tsilomitrou, O., Γκούντας, Κ., Evangeliou, N., & Dermatas, E. (2019) · International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT) · doi:10.1109/codit.2019.8820559 · Cited by 2
Impact of Patients' Level of Participation in Rehabilitation on Functional Outcome in Patients With Stroke
Won, J.-I. (2020) · Physical Therapy Korea · doi:10.12674/ptk.2020.27.1.63 · Cited by 2
Responses of candidate intensity measures to different mental and motor load levels using upper limb exergames in typically developing children and adolescents
Goikoetxea-Sotelo, G., Rätzo, L., & van Hedel, H. J. A. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0326371 · Cited by 2
Assist-as-Needed Impedance and Admittance Switching Control for an Upper-Limb Compliant Rehabilitation Orthosis
Guay-Tanguay, C., Pagé, H., Plante, J., Pradel, G., Charles, S., Orlikowski, D., Létourneau, D., & Michaud, F. (2025) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc58623.2025.11251751 · Cited by 3
Stroke therapy
Nowak, D. A., & Hermsdörfer, J. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511581267.030 · Cited by 2
Neurorehabilitation Following Stroke
Good, D. C., & Sawaki, L. A. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139644235.029 · Cited by 2
Metodología de la investigación: el enfoque meta-analítico para la síntesis cuantitativa de la literatura en las ciencias del movimiento humano
Moncada‐Jiménez, J. (2011) · Actualidades Investigativas en Educación · doi:10.15517/aie.v6i1.9191 · Cited by 2
Review of Rehabilitation of Ischaemic Stroke Patients
Mahmood, K., Hossain, M., & Rahman, S. B. (1970) · Journal of Dhaka Medical College · doi:10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6281 · Cited by 2
La rééducation du membre supérieur assistée par robot contribue-t-elle à améliorer le pronostic de l’hémiparésie vasculaire ?
Duret, C., & Graciès, J. (2014) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2014.07.012 · Cited by 2
Improved Haptic Linear Lines for Better Movement Accuracy in Upper Limb Rehabilitation
Boeck, J. D., Vanacken, L., Notelaers, S., & Coninx, K. (2012) · Advances in Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1155/2012/162868 · Cited by 2
Haptic linear paths for arm rehabilitation in MS patients
Boeck, J. D., Notelaers, S., Raymaekers, C., & Coninx, K. (2009) · IEEE International Workshop on Haptic Audio visual Environments and Games · doi:10.1109/have.2009.5356140 · Cited by 2
17 Uitzicht op inzicht
Kwakkel, G. (2010) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-313-9327-5_17 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Design Aspects for Rehabilitation Games for MS Patients
Notelaers, S., Weyer, T. D., Robert, K., Raymaekers, C., & Coninx, K. (2010) · Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt) · Cited by 2
Relationship between increase in exercise and motor paralysis improvement in stroke patients in the Kaifukuki rehabilitation ward
Nobotachi, N., Sonoda, S., Okuyama, Y., Kawahara, Y., Watanabe, M., Teranisi, T., & Sakamoto, R. (2010) · Nosotchu · doi:10.3995/jstroke.32.340 · Cited by 2
ESTUDO CLÍNICO PARA AVALIAR O TEMPO GASTO COM EXERCICIOS FÍSICOS DURANTE A FISIOTERAPIA DE GRUPO EM CIRCUITO DE TREINAMENTO EM HEMIPARÉTICOS CRÔNICOS
Pereira, A. S., Mathias, M. B., de Freitas, D. B., Broek, V. N. V. D., Barbatto, L. M., & de Carvalho, A. C. (2016) · Colloquium Vitae · doi:10.5747/cv.2016.v08.n3.v173 · Cited by 2
Enfoques del ejercicio terapéutico sobre la espasticidad en miembro inferior post-Enfermedad Cerebro Vascular: revisión sistemática
Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga, C., Bacca, O., Segura, M. S. P., Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga, C., Herrera, E., Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga, C., Barela, J. Â., & Brasil, U. D. C. D. S. S. P. (2017) · Salud UIS · doi:10.18273/revsal.v49n2-2017009 · Cited by 2
Effect of Action Observation by Subject Type on the Balance and the Gait of Stroke Patients
Lee, J., Kim, K., & Kim, Y.-M. (2019) · Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine · doi:10.13066/kspm.2019.14.1.7 · Cited by 2
Interaction between Locomotion and Self-Care for Patients with Stroke in Severity Classification Based on the Motor Functional Independence Measure upon Admission to the Recovery Ward
Kimura, T. (2020) · Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.4236/ojtr.2020.84015 · Cited by 2
İnmeli Hastalarda Robot Destekli Üst Ekstremite Eğitiminin El Fonksiyonu ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi
Mustafaoğlu, R., Yıldız, A., & KESİKTAŞ, N. (2020) · OSMANGAZİ JOURNAL OF MEDICINE · doi:10.20515/otd.821607 · Cited by 2
Effects of Action Observation Training and Mirror Therapy on the Electroencephalograms of Stroke Patients
Lee, H. J., Lee, J. S., & Kim, Y. M. (2021) · The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy · doi:10.18857/jkpt.2021.33.2.106 · Cited by 2
The Long-Term Functional Effect of Thrombectomy on Patients with Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Who Exhibit Moderate to Severe Disability
Yi, H. J., Lee, D., Hong, B. Y., Song, S.-Y., Yoo, Y. J., Yoon, M., Sung, J. H., & Lim, S. H. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57050509 · Cited by 2
Effective physical therapy activities to improve the supine-to-seated transfer time in stroke patients: an observational pilot study
Yoshida, Y., Tobinaga, K., Kumamoto, S., Kato, S., 圭介, 木., & Kubota, Y. (2022) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.34.187 · Cited by 2
Effectiveness of temporary deafferentation of the arm on somatosensory and motor functions following stroke: a systematic review protocol
Opsommer, E., Zwissig, C., & Weiß, T. (2013) · The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports · doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2013-1008 · Cited by 2
The use of Matti: a tangible user interface in physical rehabilitation to motivate children and older adults
Bar‐On, L., Saldien, J., Penders, A., Joundi, J., Octavia, J. R., & Ockerman, J. (2023) · International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics · doi:10.1504/ijhfe.2023.10060954 · Cited by 2
Group Circuit Class Therapy for Stroke Survivors – A Review of the Evidence and Clinical Implications
English, C., van de Port, I. G. L., & Lynch, E. A. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/35682 · Cited by 2
Optimalisering van spraaktherapie: De toepassing van trainingsprincipes voor het leren van motorische vaardigheden
Maas, E. (2014) · Stem- Spraak- en Taalpathologie · Cited by 2
The analysis of the current condition of convalescent rehabilitation for stroke patients - A study in one facility, including a sub-analysis of the elderly -
Terai, S. (2018) · Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi Japanese Journal of Geriatrics · doi:10.3143/geriatrics.55.259 · Cited by 2
The Effects of Action Observational Physical Training with Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation on Muscle Activity of the Lower Extremity and Gait Ability in Patients with Chronic Stroke
Song, S.-Y., Song, Y.-H., & Lee, H.-M. (2018) · Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine · doi:10.13066/kspm.2018.13.2.137 · Cited by 2
Effects of sensory stimulation on upper limb strength, active joint range of motion and function in chronic stroke virtual reality training
Kim, D. H., & Lee, S. M. (2020) · Physical therapy rehabilitation science · doi:10.14474/ptrs.2020.9.3.171 · Cited by 2
Central and Peripheral Neural Interfaces for Control of Upper Limb Actuators for Motor Rehabilitation After Stroke: Technical and Clinical Considerations
Irastorza-Landa, N., Sarasola-Sanz, A., Bibián, C., Ray, A. M., Insausti-Delgado, A., Helmhold, F., Mahmoud, W. J., Ortego-Isasa, I., López‐Larraz, E., & Ramos‐Murguialday, A. (2022) · Handbook of Neuroengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2848-4_120-1 · Cited by 2
Strength for Task Training: a novel intervention to improve locomotor ability following stroke
Signal, N. (2014) · Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) · Cited by 2
What are This Patient's Problems?: A Problem‐Based Approach to the General Management of Stroke
Warlow, C. P., van Gijn, J., Dennis, M. S., Wardlaw, J. M., Bamford, J., Hankey, G. J., Sandercock, P. A., Rinkel, G. J. E., Langhorne, P., Sudlow, C. L. M., et al. (2008) · Stroke · doi:10.1002/9780470696361.ch11 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
STUDIES ON ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN WALKING AFTER STROKE
Danielsson, A. (2008) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University) · Cited by 2
Motor learning in neurological rehabilitation : practising skills with movement imagery
Braun, S. (2010) · doi:10.26481/dis.20100623sb · Cited by 2
An exploration of the contribution of nurses and care assistants to patients’ mobility rehabilitation.
Kneafsey, R. (2012) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham) · Cited by 2
Motor Rehabilitation after Stroke
Wu, C., Lin, K., Wolf, S. L., & Roby-Brami, A. (2012) · Stroke Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2012/810706 · Cited by 2
Wearable sensor technologies applied for post-stroke rehabilitation
Zhang, Z. (2015) · RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) · doi:10.25439/rmt.27581808 · Cited by 2
Pragmatic classification of movement primitives for stroke rehabilitationPreprint
Parnandi, A., Uddin, J., Nilsen, D. M., & Schambra, H. M. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1902.08697 · Cited by 2
Examining a visuospatial/visuomotor training program as an intervention to induce cognitive improvement during acute post-stroke recovery.
Rizkalla, M. N. (2011) · doi:10.24124/2011/bpgub810 · Cited by 2
Intensive Proprioceptive Reprogramming as Enabler of Vocational Recovery in Chronic Stroke: Occupational Outcomes from 11 Cases in Rural CameroonPreprint
Moumeni, I. N. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7835678/v1 · Cited by 2
Brain plasticity and upper limb function after stroke : some implications for rehabilitation.
Lindberg, P. G. (2007) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 2
Exploration des freins et des facilitateurs à l’utilisation des dispositifs médicaux numériques en kinésithérapie pédiatrique : étude qualitative transversale
BREBAGARANE, N., & Guinet, A.-L. (2024) · Revue scientifiques des travaux de fin d'étude en rééducation et réadaptation. · doi:10.25965/rse2r.329 · Cited by 1
Intensity or Duration: That Is the Main Question of the Exercise Training Management in Stroke-Induced Neurological Deficit - A Systematic and Meta-analysis Study
Abbasian, S., Moghaddam, M. K., Azimkhani, A., Ramezani, F., & Ghotbi, M. (2024) · Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.5812/zjrms-148791 · Cited by 1
Effectiveness of rehabilitation in hospitalized hemodialysis patients as compared with rehabilitation in hospitalized patients not on hemodialysis: a retrospective cohort study
Takahashi, R., Yabe, H., Ishikawa, H., Hibino, T., Suzumura, A., & Yamada, T. (2025) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-024-02192-3 · Cited by 1
Could the Early Disinhibition of the Unaffected Motor Cortex Predict Motor Recovery After Stroke?
Rosso, C., Daghsen, L., Bouvier, J., Checkouri, T., Millot, S., Baronnet, F., Galanaud, D., Valabrègue, R., Pouget, P., Lamy, J., et al. (2025) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.125.051614 · Cited by 1
Exploring allied health professionals’ perceptions and practice in Ireland regarding guideline recommendations for intensity of multidisciplinary therapy for stroke survivors: A qualitative study
Foley, G., Galvin, R., & Horgan, F. (2025) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/02692155251374575 · Cited by 1
Pneumatic Robot for Finger Rehabilitation After Stroke: A Pilot Validation on Short-Term Effectiveness Depending on FMA Score
Kang, J., Seo, S., Jang, H., & Kim, J. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16020993 · Cited by 1
Older Adults Receive Limited Physical and Occupational Therapy Poststroke: A Cohort Study in the Veterans Health Administration
Waddell, K. J., Mani, A., Roberts, C. B., Benson, J., & Burke, R. E. (2026) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2026.04.017 · Cited by 1
Stroke Patients: Effects of Combining Sitting Table Tennis Exercise with Neurological Physical Therapy on Brain Waves
Seo, S. W., & Kim, Y. S. (2023) · The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy · doi:10.18857/jkpt.2023.35.1.19 · Cited by 1
Pretransplant Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Kidney Transplant Candidates: A Cross-Sectional Study
López, E. F., Lahoz, V. C., Castañeda, F. J. R., Aguilón-Leiva, J. J., García-Magán, M., Ferrer, C., Ruiz, E. B., Serrano-Vicente, M. I., Blázquez-Ornat, I. R., Antón‐Solanas, I., et al. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13101200 · Cited by 1
A Longitudinal Study of Physical Function Factors Related to Lower Limb Circumduction During Gait in Acute Stroke Patients with Hemiparesis
Shibuya, R., Sekiguchi, Y., HONDA, K., Miyagi, M., Owaki, D., Hayashibe, M., & Ebihara, S. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25237309 · Cited by 1
FDA-Listed Interactive Devices for Home Movement Rehabilitation After Stroke: A Mixed-Methods Study of Availability, User Needs, Information Gaps, and an Accompanying Dataset
Garcia-Fernandez, L., Perez-Ibarra, J. C., Farrens, A. J., Chan, V., Macopson, J. J., & Reinkensmeyer, D. J. (2026) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering13040387 · Cited by 1
Partial Arm Weight Support Does Not Hamper the Weight Perception of Haptically-Rendered Virtual Objects: A Psychophysics Study
Ratschat, A. L., Abbink, D. A., Ribbers, G. M., & Marchal–Crespo, L. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Haptics · doi:10.1109/toh.2026.3680656 · Cited by 1
Impact of a Personalized, High-Dose, Intensive Motor Rehabilitation Program, Integrating Advanced Technology for Adults With Central Neurological Conditions (INTeRAcT): Protocol for a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial With a Clinical, Health Economic, and Process Evaluation
Coremans, M., Allewijn, I., Bataillie, F., Bruyn, L. D., Fobelets, M., Jacobs, F., Janssens, S., Pattyn, L., Putman, K., Schiltz, A., et al. (2026) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/93234 · Cited by 1
Teaching Interventions: Overview
Söderback, I. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-75424-6_17 · Cited by 1
A RELAÇÃO BENÉFICA ENTRE O EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO E A FISIOPATOLOGIA DO ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL
Silva, A. S. D., de Lima, A. P., & Cardoso, F. B. (2014) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 1
CLINICAL TRIALS IN REHABILITATION WITH NEURAL REPAIR
Dobkin, B. H. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012373994-0.50021-x · Cited by 1
Toward a high-fidelity wireless sensor network for rehabilitation supervision
Hadjidj, A., Challal, Y., & Bouabdallah, A. (2011) · Conference on Local Computer Networks · doi:10.1109/lcn.2011.6115507 · Cited by 1

Authors: Kwakkel, G., van Peppen, R., Wagenaar, R. C., Wood Dauphinee, S., Richards, C., Ashburn, A., Miller, K., Lincoln, N., Partridge, C., Wellwood, I., & Langhorne, P.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
From the Department of Physical Therapy and Research Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences (G.K., R.v.P.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; the Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine “De Hoogstraat” (G.K.), Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Center for Neurorehabilitation (R.C.W.), Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences,...
ORCID: Kwakkel, Gert
Wagenaar, Robert C.
Richards, Carol
Ashburn, Ann
Miller, Kimberly
Lincoln, Nadina
Wellwood, Ian
Langhorne, Peter
Venue: Stroke
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2004-11
Volume: 35
Issue: 11
Pages: 2529-2539
ISSN: 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
1524-4628
DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000143153.76460.7d
OpenAlex: W2141635852
Cited by: 1,081
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 55
FWCI: 4.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Stroke (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (submittedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: ZonMw
Koninklijk Nederlands Genootschap voor Fysiotherapie
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
Keywords: stroke rehabilitation, exercise therapy, treatment intensity, dose-response relationship, activities of daily living, walking speed, dexterity, instrumental activities of daily living, early rehabilitation, chronic stroke, treatment duration, walking training, upper limb training, gait training, balance training, stroke mortality, stroke recurrence, stroke complications, stroke risk factors
MeSH terms: Stroke Rehabilitation, Activities of Daily Living, Exercise Therapy, Humans

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Effects of Augmented Exercise Therapy Time After Stroke: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks