p38δ MAPK: A Novel Regulator of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation With Increased Expression in Coronary Atherogenesis

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The selectivity of protein kinase inhibitors: a further update

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Mitogen-activated protein kinases in innate immunity

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Cholesterol Crystals Activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Macrophages: A Novel Link between Cholesterol Metabolism and Inflammation

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A Definition of Advanced Types of Atherosclerotic Lesions and a Histological Classification of Atherosclerosis

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Regulation of MHC Class II Expression by Interferon-γ Mediated by the Transactivator Gene CIITA

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Initiation and perpetuation of <scp>NLRP</scp> 3 inflammasome activation and assembly

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The adaptor ASC has extracellular and 'prionoid' activities that propagate inflammation

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Lack of Interleukin-1β Decreases the Severity of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice

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Anti-inflammatory therapies for cardiovascular disease

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Bruton’s tyrosine kinase is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and contributes to ischaemic brain injury

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Interleukin-18/Interleukin-18 Binding Protein Signaling Modulates Atherosclerotic Lesion Development and Stability

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Phosphorylation of the adaptor ASC acts as a molecular switch that controls the formation of speck-like aggregates and inflammasome activity

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Inflammation and Immunity in Diseases of the Arterial Tree: Players and Layers

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Cyclodextrin promotes atherosclerosis regression via macrophage reprogramming

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Extracellular Acidosis Is a Novel Danger Signal Alerting Innate Immunity via the NLRP3 Inflammasome

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Interleukin-1β in Coronary Arteries of Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease

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Serum Amyloid A Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome via P2X7 Receptor and a Cathepsin B-Sensitive Pathway

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Effect of Losmapimod on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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Differential Expression and Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase α, β, γ, and δ in Inflammatory Cell Lineages

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Diffuse and Active Inflammation Occurs in Both Vulnerable and Stable Plaques of the Entire Coronary Tree

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Differences in signaling pathways by IL-1β and IL-18

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Differential Effects of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist and Tumor Necrosis Factor Binding Protein on Fatty-Streak Formation in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

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Cutting Edge: The NLRP3 Inflammasome Links Complement-Mediated Inflammation and IL-1β Release

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The structure of rotational bands in alpha-cluster nuclei

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Cellular Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins cIAP1 and cIAP2 Are Required for Efficient Caspase-1 Activation by the Inflammasome

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p38γ and p38δ kinases regulate the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced cytokine production by controlling ERK1/2 protein kinase pathway activation

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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Caspase Signaling Pathways Are Required for P2X7 Receptor (P2X7R)-Induced Pore Formation in Human THP-1 Cells

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Activation of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Atherosclerotic Lesion Development in Diabetic Pigs

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p 38 MAPK in cardioprotection – are we there yet?

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ERK and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways Negatively Regulate CIITA Gene Expression in Dendritic Cells and Macrophages

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Extracellular acidosis modulates the endocytosis and maturation of macrophages

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Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities

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Signaling pathways involved in vascular smooth muscle cell calcification during hyperphosphatemia

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NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Molecular Marker in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

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Programmed death of macrophages in atherosclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic targets

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NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in atherosclerosis

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Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg5 against kidney injury via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the MAPK signaling pathway in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

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The Signaling Pathways Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation

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New Insights into the Mechanisms of Pyroptosis and Implications for Diabetic Kidney Disease

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Regulated Necrosis in Atherosclerosis

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p38γ and p38δ: From Spectators to Key Physiological Players

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The Impact of Cytokines in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Current Therapeutic Approaches

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Extracellular Lipids Accumulate in Human Carotid Arteries as Distinct Three-Dimensional Structures and Have Proinflammatory Properties

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Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Senescence in Atherosclerosis: Thioredoxine-1 as an Emerging Therapeutic Target

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Metaflammation in glucolipid metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and treatment

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PKM2 Activator TEPP-46 Attenuates Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated IL-1β Secretion

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Tobacco, but Not Nicotine and Flavor-Less Electronic Cigarettes, Induces ACE2 and Immune Dysregulation

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Inhibition of microRNA‐103 attenuates inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in atherosclerosis through disrupting the PTEN‐mediated MAPK signaling

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Osmosensing, osmosignalling and inflammation: how intervertebral disc cells respond to altered osmolarity

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Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in kidney disease: molecular mechanisms, pathogenic roles, and emerging small-molecule therapeutics

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Immunomodulatory Effects of Diterpenes and Their Derivatives Through NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway: A Review

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Gasdermin D Deficiency Limits the Transition of Atherosclerotic Plaques to an Inflammatory Phenotype in ApoE Knock-Out Mice

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Asiatic acid protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by inactivation of Kupffer cells via PPARγ/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway

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Atherosclerosis and Its Related Laboratory Biomarkers

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Pyroptosis in NLRP3 inflammasome-related atherosclerosis

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Does NLRP3 Inflammasome and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Play an Interlinked Role in Bowel Inflammation and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer?

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TRIM31 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis of retinal pigment epithelial cells through ubiquitination of NLRP3

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LFG-500, a novel synthetic flavonoid, suppresses epithelial–mesenchymal transition in human lung adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting NLRP3 in inflammatory microenvironment

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Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) attenuates staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin (Hla)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via ROS-MAPK pathways and EGCG-Hla interactions

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Aggregation Susceptibility of Low-Density Lipoproteins—A Novel Modifiable Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk

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The dance of macrophage death: the interplay between the inevitable and the microenvironment

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Hypoxia activates macrophage‐ NLRP3 inflammasome promoting atherosclerosis via PFKFB3 ‐driven glycolysis

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Immunological perspectives on atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression

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Myrtenal and β-caryophyllene oxide screened from Liquidambaris Fructus suppress NLRP3 inflammasome components in rheumatoid arthritis

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The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerotic disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis

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Anti-inflammatory drugs as promising cardiovascular treatments

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Inflammasomes in Atherosclerosis—From Pathophysiology to Treatment

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B Cell Development and T-Dependent Antibody Response Are Regulated by p38γ and p38δ

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Human mast cell neutral proteases generate modified LDL particles with increased proteoglycan binding

Maaninka, K., Nguyen, S. D., Mäyränpää, M. I., Plihtari, R., Rajamäki, K., Lindsberg, P. J., Kovanen, P. T., & Öörni, K. (2018) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.016 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Gout and the risk of myocardial infarction in older adults: a study of Medicare recipients

Singh, J. A., & Cleveland, J. D. (2018) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13075-018-1606-z · Cited by 20 · see citing works

The Role of Advanced Glycation End-Products in the Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Cardiovascular Disease

Mota, K. O., de Vasconcelos, C. M. L., Kirshenbaum, L. A., & Dhalla, N. S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26157311 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Macrophages

Mallat, Z. (2017) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.117.309730 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

A review of the signaling pathways of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on atherosclerosis

Liu, S., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, Y., & Jiang, M. (2023) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.30989 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

An update on the role of TRIM/NLRP3 signaling pathway in atherosclerosis

Liu, S., Bi, H., Jiang, M., Chen, Y., & Jiang, M. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114321 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Connecting the Dots: NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Key Mediator in the Intersection of Depression and Cardiovascular Disease – A Narrative Review

Jahromi, G. G., & Rezaei, N. (2025) · Heart and Mind · doi:10.4103/hm.hm-d-24-00076 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators Derived from N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Role in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Complications

Dubé, L., Spahis, S., Lachaîne, K., Lemieux, A., Monhem, H., Poulin, S.-M., Randoll, C., Travaillaud, E., Ould-Chikh, N.-E.-H., Marcil, V., et al. (2022) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2021.0156 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

SXBX pill suppresses homocysteine-induced vascular smooth muscle cells dedifferentiation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes activation via ERK/p38 MAPK pathways.

Liu, L. B., Shen, H., Cha, W., Jin, Z., Xia, H., Liu, J. J., & Hu, J. (2019) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Mulberry extract upregulates cholesterol efflux and inhibits p38 MAPK‐NLRP3 ‐mediated inflammation in foam cells

Liu, Y., Wang, K., Yang, S., Xue, G., & Lu, L. (2023) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.3296 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Luxeptinib disables NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β release and pathways required for secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα

Sonowal, H., Zhang, H., Rice, W. G., & Howell, S. B. (2021) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114861 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

MCC950 Alleviates Fat Embolism-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Through Dual Modulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and ERK Pathways

Lin, C., Chen, Z., Lin, Y., Yang, C., Shi, C., Lin, C.-M., Huang, T. H., Lu, J., Lu, K., & Yang, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26157571 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles from Ascaris lumbricoides antigen exposure enhance Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth control, reduce IL-1β, and contain miR-342-5p, miR-516b-5p, and miR-570-3p that regulate PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways

Pushpamithran, G., & Blomgran, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1454881 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Effect of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibition on Podocytes in Mouse Nephrotic Syndrome

Suzuki, T., Iyoda, M., Kanazawa, N., Tachibana, S., & Honda, H. (2023) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100199 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Volatilome is Inflammasome- and Lipidome-dependent in Ischemic Heart Disease

Marzoog, B. A. (2024) · Current Cardiology Reviews · doi:10.2174/011573403x302934240715113647 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Macrophage cannibalism: efferocytosis in atherosclerosis

Baxter, A. A., Poon, I. K. H., & Karunakaran, D. (2025) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0000000000001010 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism as a Central Driver of Atherosclerotic Plaque Pathology

Steinbeck, J. E., Iannotti, R. A., & Rasheed, A. (2025) · Lipidology · doi:10.3390/lipidology2040017 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Title: p38δ Regulates IL6 Expression Modulating ERK Phosphorylation in Preadipocytes

Díaz-Chamorro, S., Garrido-Jiménez, S., Barrera-López, J. F., Mateos-Quirós, C. M., Cumplido-Laso, G., Lorenzo, M. J., Román, Á., Bernardo, E., Sabio, G., Carvajal-González, J. M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.708844 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Regulation of pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy by long non-coding and circular RNAs

Hushmandi, K., Klionsky, D. J., Farahani, N., Reiter, R. J., Fooladi, A. A. I., Alimohammadi, M., & Aref, A. R. (2025) · Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10238-025-01740-w · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Melatonin as a treatment for atherosclerosis: focus on programmed cell death, inflammation and oxidative stress

Asemi, R., Najafabadi, E. O., Mahmoudian, Z., Reiter, R. J., Mansournia, M. A., & Asemi, Z. (2025) · Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery · doi:10.1186/s13019-025-03423-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Preventive treatment of tripdiolide ameliorates kidney injury in diabetic mice by modulating the Nrf2/NF-κB pathway

Yuan, B., Jia, D. T., & Gao, B. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1492834 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Fucoxanthin ameliorates high-fat diet-induced kidney injury in mice

Liu, Z., Xu, B., Zheng, J., Tian, Y., Yang, Z., & Shi, H. (2025) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114525105023 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Deletion of Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme Alters Mouse Cardiac Structure and Function

Azhar, G., Nagano, K., Patyal, P., Zhang, X., Verma, A., & Wei, J. Y. (2024) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology13030172 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Inflammasome — a new look at the therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Part II

Rubinstein, A., Khodot, A. A., Tirikova, P. V., Головкин, А. С., Кудрявцев, И. В., & Shlyakhto, E. V. (2025) · Russian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2025-6058 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Inflammasome - a new look at the therapy of cardiovascular diseases: a review. Part I

Rubinstein, A., Khodot, A. A., Tirikova, P. V., Головкин, А. С., Кудрявцев, И. В., & Shlyakhto, E. V. (2024) · Russian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2024-5986 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Modulation of lipid droplet biogenesis by p38 MAPK and caspase-1 in docosahexaenoic acid-induced EA.hy926 endothelial cell apoptosis

Du, Y., Lv, X., Shen, Y., Ren, X., & Ye, S. (2025) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2025.159683 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Panax notoginseng-Bletilla striata ameliorates reflux esophagitis by modulating NLRP3 inflammasomes and p38 MAPK pathway

Yang, X., Wu, T.-T., Zhu, H., Ding, H., Chen, X., Xu, Q., Sun, H., & Liang, G. (2025) · Cytotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10616-025-00858-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Role of CCs and Their Lipoprotein Precursors in NLRP3 and IL-1β Activation

Rajamäki, K., & Öörni, K. (2023) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41192-2_15

Additional file 1 of Myrtenal and β-caryophyllene oxide screened from Liquidambaris Fructus suppress NLRP3 inflammasome components in rheumatoid arthritis

Li, W., Qian, P., Guo, Y., Gu, L., Jurat, J., Bai, Y., & Zhang, D. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16696570

The Process of Atheroma Growth, Vulnerability, and Rupture

Watanabe, T., & Fan, J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-3675-4_13

Harnessing New Tools for Old Challenges: Optimising Neat Plasma Proteomics with Automation and Gas-Phase Fractionation

Maxwell, C. B., Lane, D., Bhakta, N., Brady, E., Haigh, R., Singh, R., Gulsin, G. S., McCann, G. P., Ng, L. L., & Jones, D. J. L. (2026) · ACS Measurement Science Au · doi:10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.5c00166 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Theaflavin attenuates atherosclerosis by targeting GSK-3β to suppress pyroptosis and Promote Autophagy in macrophages

Yang, S., Liao, L., Yang, Q., Xia, T., Qin, S., Tang, Q., Li, M., Bian, J., Du, Y., Yong, X., et al. (2026) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-026-02343-1

p38γ and p38δ MAP kinases in inflammation

Díaz‐Mora, E., Risco, A., & Cuenda, A. (2026) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20250382

NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression and Activation in Human Atherosclerosis

Paramel, G. V., Folkersen, L., Strawbridge, R. J., Halvorsen, B. L., Yndestad, A., Ranheim, T., Krohg‐Sørensen, K., Skjelland, M., Espevik, T., Aukrust, P., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.003031 · Cited by 308 · see citing works

Inflammasome activation by NLRP1 and NLRC4 in patients with coronary stenosis

Borborema, M. E. D. A., Crovella, S., de Oliveira, D. C., & Silva, J. D. A. (2020) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151940 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Expression of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Carotid Atherosclerosis

Shi, X., Xie, W., Kong, W.-W., Chen, D., & Qu, P. (2015) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.03.024 · Cited by 173 · see citing works

NLRP3 inflammasome: Its regulation and involvement in atherosclerosis

Hoseini, Z. S., Sepahvand, F., Rashidi, B., Sahebkar, A., Masoudifar, A., & Mirzaei, H. (2017) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.25930 · Cited by 458 · see citing works

Role of NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Atherosclerosis

Karasawa, T., & Takahashi, M. (2017) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.rv17001 · Cited by 277 · see citing works