The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 129 of the 129 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Depression as a Risk Factor for Poor Prognosis Among Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Recommendations: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Open accessAbstract
Background—: Although prospective studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have documented an association between depression and increased morbidity and mortality in a variety of cardiac populations, depression has not yet achieved formal recognition as a risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome by the American Heart Association and other health organizations. The purpose of this scientific statement is to review available evidence and recommend whether depression should be elevated to the status of a risk factor for patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods and Results—: Writing group members were approved by the American Heart Association’s Scientific Statement and Manuscript Oversight Committees. A systematic literature review on depression and adverse medical outcomes after acute coronary syndrome was conducted that included all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and composite outcomes for mortality and nonfatal events. The review assessed the strength, consistency, independence, and generalizability of the published studies. A total of 53 individual studies (32 reported on associations with all-cause mortality, 12 on cardiac mortality, and 22 on composite outcomes) and 4 meta-analyses met inclusion criteria. There was heterogeneity across studies in terms of the demographic composition of study samples, definition and measurement of depression, length of follow-up, and covariates included in the multivariable models. Despite limitations in some individual studies, our review identified generally consistent associations between depression and adverse outcomes. Conclusions—: Despite the heterogeneity of published studies included in this review, the preponderance of evidence supports the recommendation that the American Heart Association should elevate depression to the status of a risk factor for adverse medical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms increase the risk for recurrent cardiac events and mortality after ACS [2].”
From Lower distress tolerance is associated with greater anxiety and depression symptoms among patients after acute coronary syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“One in five patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) develop comorbid depression or anxiety.”
From Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a therapist-assisted web-based intervention for depression and anxiety in patients with ischemic heart disease attending cardiac rehabilitation [eMindYourHeart trial]: a randomised controlled trial protocol (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The environment and disease: association or causation?
Hill, A. B. (2015) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/0141076814562718 · Cited by 7,804
The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?
Hill, A. B. (1965) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/003591576505800503 · Cited by 6,974
Pearlin, L. I., Menaghan, E. G., Lieberman, M. A., & Mullan, J. T. (1981) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136676 · Cited by 6,289
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2014 Update
Go, A. S., Mozaffarian, D., Roger, V. L., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Blaha, M. J., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., Fox, C. S., Franco, S., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80 · Cited by 5,264
Self-citationDepression Following Myocardial Infarction
Frasure‐Smith, N. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510150053029 · Cited by 2,039
Self-citation(2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3106 · Cited by 1,870
Self-citationSmith, S. C., Benjamin, E. J., Bonow, R. O., Braun, L. T., Creager, M. A., Franklin, B. A., Gibbons, R. J., Grundy, S. M., Hiratzka, L. F., Jones, D. W., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318235eb4d · Cited by 1,759
Depression and 18-Month Prognosis After Myocardial Infarction
Frasure‐Smith, N., Lespérance, F., & Talajic, M. R. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.91.4.999 · Cited by 1,546
Self-citationLichtman, J. H., Bigger, J. T., Blumenthal, J. A., Frasure-Smith, N., Kaufmann, P. G., Lespérance, F., Mark, D. B., Sheps, D. S., Taylor, C. B., & Froelicher, E. S. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.190769 · Cited by 1,482
Self-citationComing to terms with the terms of risk
Kraemer, H. C. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830160065009 · Cited by 1,432
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- 10.1097/00006842-200405000-00004 · DOI
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Current depression among adults: United States, 2006 and 2008 [published correction appears in MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60:518]. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59:1229–1235.
- 10.1037/0278-6133.14.5.388 · DOI
- 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.7.1295a · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M.-T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106 · Cited by 6,457
2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization
Lawton, J. S., Tamis‐Holland, J. E., Bangalore, S., Bates, E., Beckie, T. M., Bischoff, J. M., Bittl, J. A., Cohen, M. G., DiMaio, J. M., Don, C. W., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.006 · Cited by 1,691
Virani, S. S., Newby, L. K., Arnold, S. V., Bittner, V., Brewer, L. C., Demeter, S. H., Dixon, D. L., Fearon, W. F., Hess, B., Johnson, H. M., et al. (2023) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001168 · Cited by 1,598
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Authors/Task Force Members, Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M. T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487316653709 · Cited by 1,435
“risk in patients with depression may also be due in part to adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants.(91)”
Lawton, J. S., Tamis‐Holland, J. E., Bangalore, S., Bates, E. R., Beckie, T. M., Bischoff, J. M., Bittl, J. A., Cohen, M. G., DiMaio, J. M., Don, C. W., et al. (2021) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001038 · Cited by 1,349
Metadata
- Authors
- Lichtman, J. H., Froelicher, E. S., Blumenthal, J. A., Carney, R. M., Doering, L. V., Frasure-Smith, N., Freedland, K. E., Jaffe, A. S., Leifheit-Limson, E. C., Sheps, D. S., Vaccarino, V., & Wulsin, L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2014-03-25
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1350-1369
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2137977071
- Cited by
- 1,208
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 108 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 112 · 2017: 90 · 2016: 113 · 2015: 86 · 2014: 32
- FWCI
- 17.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Keywords
- depression, acute coronary syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, prognosis, all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality
- MeSH terms
- American Heart Association, Cardiology, Depression, Humans, Prognosis, Risk Factors, United States, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Evidence-Based Medicine, Acute Coronary Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
