Cited by 2,235Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyPhysical Activity and HealthPhysical Education and Training Studies

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Exercise Standards for Testing and Training: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Fletcher, Gerald F., Ades, Philip A., Kligfield, Paul, Arena, Ross, Balady, Gary J., Bittner, Vera A., Coke, Lola A., Fleg, Jerome L., Forman, Daniel E., Gerber, Thomas C., Gulati, Martha, Madan, Kushal, Rhodes, Jonathan, Thompson, Paul D., Williams, Mark A.·2013·Circulation

DOI 10.1161/cir.0b013e31829b5b44

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Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
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Heart Rate Variability: Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use
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ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease
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Prevalence and Trends in Obesity Among US Adults, 1999-2008
Flegal, K. M. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.2014 · Cited by 7,580
Physical Activity and Public Health: Updated Recommendation for Adults From the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association
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Self-citation
Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults
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Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 1,001

COCATS 4 Task Force 3: Training in Electrocardiography, Ambulatory Electrocardiography, and Exercise Testing
Balady, G. J., Bufalino, V. J., Gulati, M., Kuvin, J. T., Mendes, L. A., & Schuller, J. L. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.021 · Cited by 38
The Effect of Exercise Training on the Pulmonary Arterial System in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension
Arena, R. A., Cahalin, L. P., Borghi‐Silva, A., & MYERS, J. N. (2014) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2014.03.008 · Cited by 38
Resting heart rate and measures of effort-related cardiac autonomic dysfunction predict cardiovascular events in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes
Zafrir, B., Azencot, M., Dobrecky‐Mery, I., Lewis, B. S., Flugelman, M. Y., & Halon, D. A. (2015) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487315624747 · Cited by 35
Ventilatory threshold may be a more specific measure of aerobic capacity than peak oxygen consumption rate in persons with stroke
Boyne, P., Reisman, D. S., Brian, M. S., Barney, B., Franke, A., Carl, D., Khoury, J. C., & Dunning, K. K. (2016) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/10749357.2016.1209831 · Cited by 38
Telemonitored exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves physical capacity and health-related quality of life
Laustsen, S., Oestergaard, L. G., van Tulder, M. W., Hjortdal, V. E., & Petersen, A. K. (2018) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x18792808 · Cited by 39
“Following recommendations, participants were instructed to exercise for 20min per session with a moderate intensity between 40–60% of HRreserve during the first four weeks, and for 20min per session with a high intensity of 60–84% of HRreserve during the last eight weeks.(23) At the second consultation, muscle power a…”
Method
Exercise stress test in apparently healthy individuals − where to place the finish line? The Ferrari corporate wellness programme experience
Sirico, F., Fernando, F., Paolo, F. M. D., Adami, P. E., Signorello, M. G., Sannino, G., Bianco, A., Cerrone, A., Baioccato, V., Filippi, N., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487318825174 · Cited by 38
Mild Coarctation of Aorta is an Independent Risk Factor for Exercise-Induced Hypertension
Egbe, A. C., Allison, T. G., & Ammash, N. M. (2019) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13726 · Cited by 38
Design and Rationale of the EMPA-VISION Trial: Investigating the Metabolic Effects of Empagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure
Hundertmark, M., Agbaje, O. F., Coleman, R. L., George, J. T., Grempler, R., Holman, R. R., Lamlum, H., Lee, J., Milton, J. E., Niessen, H. G., et al. (2021) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.13406 · Cited by 37
Effects of task-oriented training combined with aerobic training on serum BDNF, GDNF, IGF-1, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in people with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled study
Söke, F., Koçer, B., Fidan, I., Keskinoğlu, P., & Guclu‐Gunduz, A. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111384 · Cited by 40
Multicomponent Training in Progressive Phases Improves Functional Capacity, Physical Capacity, Quality of Life, and Exercise Motivation in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Jofré‐Saldía, E., Villalobos-Gorigoitía, Á., Cofré-Bolados, C., Ferrari, G., & Gea-García, G. M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032755 · Cited by 47
“These improvements in the functional capacity of the EG could be due to the very design of the MPTP program, since it has work and exercise methods that follow the recommendations of clinical guidelines recognized worldwide for the prescription of physical exercise, such as the American Heart Association (AHA) [65], t…”
Method
Systolic Blood Pressure Response During Exercise Stress Testing: The Henry Ford ExercIse Testing (FIT) Project
O’Neal, W. T., Qureshi, W., Blaha, M. J., Keteyian, S. J., Brawner, C. A., & Al-Mallah, M. H. (2015) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.002050 · Cited by 37
Safety of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Testing for Cardiac Patients in Japan
Saito, M., Ueshima, K., Saito, M., Iwasaka, T., Daida, H., Kohzuki, M., Makita, S., Adachi, H., Yokoi, H., Omiya, K., et al. (2014) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-13-1590 · Cited by 37
Cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer incidence in men
Vainshelboim, B., Müller, J., Lima, R. M., Nead, K. T., Chester, C., Chan, K., Kokkinos, P. F., & MYERS, J. N. (2017) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.06.003 · Cited by 36
Pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in chronic diseases: the role of diminished cardiac performance in mitochondrial and heart failure patients
McCoy, J., Bates, M. G. D., Eggett, C. J., Siervo, M., Cassidy, S., Newman, J. H., Moore, S. A., Gorman, G. S., Trenell, M. I., Velicki, L., et al. (2017) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2017-000632 · Cited by 37
Belastungsuntersuchungen in der Pneumologie – Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e. V.
Meyer, F. J., Borst, M. M., Buschmann, H., Claussen, M., Dumitrescu, D., Ewert, R., Friedmann‐Bette, B., Gläser, S., Glöckl, R., Haring, K., et al. (2018) · Pneumologie · doi:10.1055/a-0637-8593 · Cited by 37
Assessing physical activity and function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a narrative review
Bakker, E. A., Zoccali, C., Dekker, F. W., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., & Jager, K. J. (2020) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfaa156 · Cited by 39
Systemic Response of Antioxidants, Heat Shock Proteins, and Inflammatory Biomarkers to Short‐Lasting Exercise Training in Healthy Male Subjects
Dimauro, I., Grazioli, E., Lisi, V., Guidotti, F., Fantini, C., Antinozzi, C., Sgrò, P., Antonioni, A., Luigi, L. D., Capranica, L., et al. (2021) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2021/1938492 · Cited by 38
“This fitness level falls within the range of 38 < VO2max > 56 commonly seen in most of the physically active populations that regularly participate in nonelite sports/recreational activities [50, 51].”
Background
Medical assessment for health advocacy and practical strategies for exercise initiation
Morey, M. C. (2003) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(03)00180-6 · Cited by 37
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Workload, and the Blood Pressure Response to Exercise Testing
Schultz, M. G., La Gerche, A., & Sharman, J. E. (2022) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000276 · Cited by 36
“Copyright © 2021 by the American College of Sports Medicin BPmeasurement is a routine and mandatory component of clinical exercise testing (4,5).”
Background
Assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical and community settings: Lessons and advancements in the 100th year anniversary of VO2max
Harber, M. P., MYERS, J. N., Bonikowske, A. R., Muntaner‐Mas, A., Molina‐García, P., Arena, R. A., & Ortega, F. B. (2024) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2024.02.009 · Cited by 44
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Following Open Repair for a Proximal Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm or Dissection
Hornsby, W., Norton, E. L., Fink, S., Saberi, S., Wu, X., McGowan, C. L. M., Brook, R. D., Jones, L. W., Willer, C. J., Patel, H. J., et al. (2019) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000446 · Cited by 36
The effects of a comprehensive rehabilitation and intensive education program on anxiety, depression, quality of life, and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in unprotected left main coronary artery disease patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting
Ma, L., Deng, L., & Yu, H. (2019) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-019-02129-x · Cited by 36
Role of Muscle-Specific Histone Methyltransferase (Smyd1) in Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection against Pathological Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction
Liang, Q., Cai, M., Zhang, J., Song, W., Zhu, W., Xi, L., & Tian, Z. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21197010 · Cited by 36
Effects of face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory response in well-trained athletes
Egger, F., Blumenauer, D., Fischer, P., Venhorst, A., Kulenthiran, S., Bewarder, Y., Zimmer, A., Böhm, M., Meyer, T., & Mahfoud, F. (2021) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-021-01877-0 · Cited by 36
“In contrast to our study, the study population consisted of untrained individuals or recreational athletes (non-cyclists) who typically do not reach physical exhaustion (early test termination due to leg fatigue, poor motivation or decreased pain tolerance) compared with well-trained cyclists [22, 23].”
Result
Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation as the keystone in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Jegier, A., Szalewska, D., Mawlichanów, A., Bednarczyk, T., Eysymontt, Z., Gałaszek, M., Mamcarz, A., Mierzyńska, A., Piotrowicz, E., Piotrowicz, R., et al. (2021) · Kardiologia Polska · doi:10.33963/kp.a2021.0066 · Cited by 40
Global Myocardial Work Combined with Treadmill Exercise Stress to Detect Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Lin, J., Wu, W., Gao, L., He, J., Zhu, Z., Pang, K., Wang, J., Liu, M., & Wang, H. (2021) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2021.10.009 · Cited by 36
Diving Medicine in Clinical Practice
Eichhorn, L., & Leyk, D. (2015) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0147 · Cited by 36
Exercise Training: The Holistic Approach in Cardiovascular Prevention
Giallauria, F., Strisciuglio, T., Cuomo, G., Lorenzo, A. D., D’Angelo, A., Volpicelli, M., Izzo, R., Manzi, M. V., Barbato, E., & Morisco, C. (2021) · High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention · doi:10.1007/s40292-021-00482-6 · Cited by 36
“A different modality of training is resistance or strength training, which involves muscle contraction exercises against specific resistances, with aim of increase muscle mass and improve coordination [161].”
Background
Deep Phenotype Characterization of Hypertensive Response to Exercise: Implications on Functional Capacity and Prognosis Across the Heart Failure Spectrum
Pugliese, N. R., Biase, N. D., Punta, L. D., Balletti, A., Armenia, S., Buralli, S., Mengozzi, A., Taddei, S., Metra, M., Pagnesi, M., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.2827 · Cited by 35
Comparison of objectively measured and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness to predict all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 42 studies representing 35 cohorts and 3.8 million observations
Singh, B., Cadenas‐Sánchez, C., da Costa, B. G. G., Castro‐Piñero, J., Chaput, J., Cuenca‐García, M., Maher, C. A., Marín‐Jiménez, N., McGrath, R. P., Molina‐García, P., et al. (2024) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2024.100986 · Cited by 37
Assessment tools for personalizing training intensity during cardiac rehabilitation: Literature review and practical proposals
Casillas, J.-M., Gudjoncik, A., Grémeaux, V., Aulagne, J., Besson, D., & Laroche, D. (2016) · Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2016.01.011 · Cited by 35
“Ann Phys Rehabil Med (2 adaptation of the drug therapy or can contraindicate CR [10].”
Background
Multimorbidity, frailty and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Holland, A. E., Harrison, S. L., & Brooks, D. (2016) · Chronic Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1177/1479972316670104 · Cited by 35
Association among sickle cell trait, fitness, and cardiovascular risk factors in CARDIA
Liem, R. I., Chan, C., Vu, T. T., Fornage, M., Thompson, A. A., Liu, K., & Carnethon, M. R. (2016) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2016-07-727719 · Cited by 35
French Society of Cardiology guidelines on exercise tests (part 1): Methods and interpretation
Marcadet, D.-M., Pavy, B., Bosser, G., Claudot, F., Corone, S., Douard, H., Iliou, M., Vergès-Patois, B., Amédro, P., Tourneau, T. L., et al. (2018) · Archives of cardiovascular diseases · doi:10.1016/j.acvd.2018.05.005 · Cited by 35
“Given that the current French guidelines date from 1997, the Groupe Exercice Readaptation et Sport (GERS; Exercise Rehabilitation and Sport Group) of the French Society of Cardiology has decided to publish new guidelines, taking into account the various works that have been published over the past decades [1,2].”
BackgroundInfluential
High-intensity physical exercise increases serum α -klotho levels in healthy volunteers
Tan, S., Chu, M. M., Toussaint, N. D., Cai, M. M., Hewitson, T. D., & Holt, S. G. (2018) · Journal of Circulating Biomarkers · doi:10.1177/1849454418794582 · Cited by 35
“A treadmill-based exercise stress test (EST) was performed following a standard Bruce protocol.(27) In brief, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes were placed on the torso with limb leads placed on shoulders and below the level of the umbilicus on respective sides, ensuring good skin contact to reduce skin resis…”
Method
Irisin rescues diabetic cardiac microvascular injury via ERK1/2/Nrf2/HO-1 mediated inhibition of oxidative stress
Zhu, D., Zhang, X., Wang, F., Ye, Q., Yang, C., & Liu, D. (2021) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109170 · Cited by 36
Protective effect and mechanism of cannabidiol on myocardial injury in exhaustive exercise training mice
Zhang, J., Luo, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhao, M. Q., Tong, C., Cong, P., Mao, S., Zhao, Y., Hou, M., Piao, Y., et al. (2022) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110079 · Cited by 36
Safety of cardiac rehabilitation in a medically supervised, community-based program
Scheinowitz, M., & Harpaz, D. (2005) · Cardiology · doi:10.1159/000083433 · Cited by 34
Effect of Preoperative Home-Based Exercise Training on Quality of Life After Lung Cancer Surgery: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Machado, P., Pimenta, S., Garcia, A. L., Nogueira, T., Silva, S., dos Santos, C. L., Martins, M. V., Canha, A., Oliveiros, B., Martins, R. A., et al. (2023) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-023-14503-2 · Cited by 77
“The exclusion criteria ruled out metastatic tumor, contraindications for exercise training or physical testing (Table S1), 26–28 inability to speak or understand Portuguese, and current involvement in regular exercise training (aerobic and resistance training during the past month ≥ 2 days per…”
Background
Exercise intolerance in pulmonary hypertension: mechanism, evaluation and clinical implications
Babu, A. S., Arena, R. A., MYERS, J. N., Ramachandran, P., Maiya, A. G., Cahalin, L. P., Waxman, A. B., & Lavie, C. J. (2016) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1080/17476348.2016.1191353 · Cited by 34
“10 generally indicating a maximal test [71,72].”
A prospective cohort study of 7031 distance runners shows that 1 in 13 report systemic symptoms of an acute illness in the 8–12 day period before a race, increasing their risk of not finishing the race 1.9 times for those runners who started the race: SAFER study IV
Tonder, A. V., Schwellnus, M. P., Swanevelder, S. A., Jordaan, E., Derman, W. E., & van Rensburg, D. C. J. (2016) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096190 · Cited by 34
High-intensity interval training improves obstructive sleep apnoea
Karlsen, T., Nes, B. M., Tjønna, A. E., Engstrøm, M., Støylen, A., & Steinshamn, S. (2017) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000155 · Cited by 36
“The change in leptin did not correlate with the change in AHI (r= (cid:0) 0.21), and there were no group differences.”
BackgroundInfluential
Task-oriented circuit training combined with aerobic training improves motor performance and balance in people with Parkinson′s Disease
Söke, F., Guclu‐Gunduz, A., Koçer, B., Fidan, I., & Keskinoğlu, P. (2019) · Acta Neurologica Belgica · doi:10.1007/s13760-019-01247-8 · Cited by 34
Abnormalities of Skeletal Muscle, Adipocyte Tissue, and Lipid Metabolism in Heart Failure: Practical Therapeutic Targets
Takada, S., Sabe, H., & Kinugawa, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2020.00079 · Cited by 34
Exercise-mediated downregulation of MALAT1 expression and implications in primary and secondary cancer prevention
Paronetto, M. P., Dimauro, I., Grazioli, E., Palombo, R., Guidotti, F., Fantini, C., Sgrò, P., Francesco, D. D., Luigi, L. D., Capranica, L., et al. (2020) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.037 · Cited by 35
RETRACTED: Facemasks in the COVID-19 era: A health hypothesis
Vainshelboim, B. (2020) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110411 · Cited by 34
Retracted
Cardiorespiratory fitness and all‐cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer systematic review and meta‐analysis
Ezzatvar, Y., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., de Asteasu, M. L. S., Martínez‐Velilla, N., Zambom-Ferraresi, F., Lobelo, F., Izquierdo, M., & García‐Hermoso, A. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13980 · Cited by 34
Assessing cardiovascular parameters and risk factors in physical therapy practice: findings from a cross-sectional national survey and implication for clinical practice
Faletra, A., Bellin, G., Dunning, J. R., Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Pellicciari, L., Brindisino, F., Galeno, E., Rossettini, G., Maselli, F., Severin, R. S., et al. (2022) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-022-05696-w · Cited by 34
2023 Guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Coronary Syndrome.
Ueng, K., Chiang, C., Chao, T., Wu, Y., Lee, W.-L., Li, Y., Ting, K.-H., Su, C.-H., Lin, H., Su, T., et al. (2023) · PubMed Central · doi:10.6515/acs.202301_39(1).20221103a · Cited by 34
Effect of exercise mode on oxygen uptake and blood gases in COPD patients
Christensen, C. C., Ryg, M. S., Edvardsen, A., & Skjønsberg, O. H. (2004) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2003.12.002 · Cited by 34
Relationship Between Exercise Workload During Cardiac Rehabilitation and Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Brawner, C. A., Abdul-Nour, K., Lewis, B., Schairer, J. R., Modi, S., Kerrigan, D. J., Ehrman, J. K., & Keteyian, S. J. (2016) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.01.018 · Cited by 33
The impact of exercise-only-based rehabilitation on depression and anxiety in patients after myocardial infarction
Korzeniowska‐Kubacka, I., Bilińska, M., Piotrowska, D., Stepnowska, M., & Piotrowicz, R. (2016) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1177/1474515116682123 · Cited by 34
Myocardial ischemia during ventilator weaning: a prospective multicenter cohort study
Bedet, A., Tomberli, F., Prat, G., Bailly, P., Kouatchet, A., Mortaza, S., Vivier, E., Rosselli, S., Lipskaia, L., Carteaux, G., et al. (2019) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2601-8 · Cited by 35
Acute and chronic effects of high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on heart rate and its variability after recent myocardial infarction: A randomized controlled trial
Eser, P., Jaeger, E., Marcin, T., Herzig, D., Trachsel, L. D., & Wilhelm, M. (2020) · Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2020.09.008 · Cited by 37
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial revascularization: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Campos, H. O., Rodrigues, Q. T., Drummond, L. R., Lima, P. M. A., Monteiro, M. D. C., Wanner, S. P., & Coimbra, C. C. (2022) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/j.rcm2302074 · Cited by 35
Extraordinary claims in the literature on high-intensity interval training (HIIT): III. Critical analysis of four foundational arguments from an interdisciplinary lens
Panteleimon Ekkekakis, A., Vallance, J. K., Wilson, P. M., & Garber, C. E. (2023) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102399 · Cited by 36
Evolving Role of Exercise Testing in Contemporary Cardiac Rehabilitation
Reeves, G. R., Gupta, S., & Forman, D. E. (2016) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000176 · Cited by 33
Oxygen Consumption During Machine-Assisted and Unassisted Walking: A Pilot Study in Hemiplegic and Healthy Humans
David, D., Régnaux, J.-P., Lejaille, M., Louis, A., Bussel, B., & Lofaso, F. (2006) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2005.11.034 · Cited by 33
Cardiac vagal modulation of heart rate during prolonged submaximal exercise in animals with healed myocardial infarctions: effects of training
Kukielka, M., Seals, D. R., & Billman, G. E. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01034.2005 · Cited by 32
Assessment of the human response to acute mental stress–An overview and a multimodal study
Ernst, H., Scherpf, M., Pannasch, S., Helmert, J. R., Malberg, H., & Schmidt, M. U. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294069 · Cited by 35
Barriers of physical activity (kinesiophobia) in patients subjected to cardiac rehabilitation
Kocjan, J., & Knapik, A. (2014) · Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity · doi:10.2478/bjha-2014-0028 · Cited by 36
Assessment of oxygen-uptake efficiency slope in healthy children and children with heart disease: Generation of appropriate reference values for the OUES variable
Hossri, C. A. C., de Souza, I. P. A., de Oliveira, J. S., & Mastrocola, L. E. (2018) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487318807977 · Cited by 32
Diabetes mellitus y riesgo cardiovascular: recomendaciones del Grupo de Trabajo Diabetes y Enfermedad Cardiovascular de la Sociedad Española de Diabetes (SED, 2015)
Arrieta, F., Iglesias, P., Pedro‐Botet, J., Tébar, F. J., Ortega, E., Nubiola, A., Pardo, J. L., Maldonado, G. F., Obaya, J. C., Matute, P., et al. (2015) · Atención Primaria · doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2015.05.002 · Cited by 32
Effects of a low-intensity dynamic-resistance training protocol using an isokinetic dynamometer on muscular strength and aerobic capacity after coronary artery bypass grafting
Ghroubi, S., Elleuch, W., Abid, L., Abdenadher, M., Kammoun, S., & Elleuch, M. H. (2012) · Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2012.10.006 · Cited by 35
Erectile dysfunction association with physical activity level and physical fitness in men aged 40–75 years
Agostini, L., Netto, J. M. B., Júnior, M. V. M., & de Figueiredo, A. A. (2011) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/ijir.2011.15 · Cited by 31
Relationship between Skeletal Muscle Mass and Cardiac Function During Exercise in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Sugie, M., Harada, K., Takahashi, T., Nara, M., Ishikawa, J., Koyama, T., Kim, H., Tanaka, J., Fujimoto, H., Obuchi, S. P., et al. (2017) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.12158 · Cited by 32
Exercise cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a feasibility study and meta-analysis
Beaudry, R. I., Samuel, T. J., Wang, J., Tucker, W. J., Haykowsky, M. J., & Nelson, M. D. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00158.2018 · Cited by 32
Lifestyle modification in secondary prevention
Piepoli, M. F., & Villani, G. Q. (2017) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487317703828 · Cited by 33
Revascularization for Coronary Artery Disease: Principle and Challenges
Gu, D., Qu, J., Zhang, H., & Zheng, Z. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2517-9_3 · Cited by 31
Provocative Issues in Heart Disease Prevention
Juneau, M., Hayami, D., Gayda, M., Lacroix, S., & Nigam, A. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.09.014 · Cited by 30
Reference values for the bilateral heel-rise test
Monteiro, D. P., Britto, R. R., Fregonezi, G., Dias, F. A. L., da Silva, M. G., & Pereira, D. A. G. (2017) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.06.002 · Cited by 30
Irisin, physical activity and fitness status in healthy humans: No association under resting conditions in a cross-sectional study
Biniaminov, N., Bandt, S., Röth, A., Haertel, S., Neumann, R., & Bub, A. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189254 · Cited by 29
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing – refining the clinical perspective by combining assessments
Arena, R. A., Canada, J. M., Popović, D., Trankle, C. R., Buono, M. G. D., Lucas, A. R., & Abbate, A. (2020) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1080/14779072.2020.1806057 · Cited by 30
The 4-Element Movement System Model to Guide Physical Therapist Education, Practice, and Movement-Related Research
McClure, P. W., Tevald, M. A., Zarzycki, R., Kantak, S. S., Malloy, P. J., Day, K. V., Shah, K. M., Miller, A., & Mangione, K. K. (2021) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzab024 · Cited by 31
Relationship of Exercise Capacity and Left Ventricular Dimensions in Patients with a Normal Ejection Fraction. An Exploratory Study
Meyer, M., McEntee, R., Nyotowidjojo, I. S., Chu, G., & LeWinter, M. M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119432 · Cited by 31
Preliminary safety analysis of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in persons with chronic stroke
Carl, D., Boyne, P., Rockwell, B., Gerson, M. C., Khoury, J. C., D, B. M. K. M., & Dunning, K. K. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0369 · Cited by 32
“A 12-lead ECG was donned and continuously monitored for arrhythmia, aberrancy and any signs of ischemia during the stress test, HRpeak test and for every HIIT session (Fletcher et al. 2013).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Prognostic Role of Hypertensive Response to Exercise in Patients With Repaired Coarctation of Aorta
Yogeswaran, V., Connolly, H. M., Al-Otaibi, M. N., Ammash, N. M., Warnes, C. A., Said, S. M., & Egbe, A. C. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2018.02.004 · Cited by 30
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing as a vital sign in patients recovering from COVID-19
Arena, R. A., & Faghy, M. A. (2021) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1080/14779072.2021.1985466 · Cited by 30
Validation of Wearable Digital Devices for Heart Rate Measurement During Exercise Test in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Kim, C., Song, J. H., & Kim, S. H. (2023) · Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.5535/arm.23019 · Cited by 29
Effects of exercise training on systo–diastolic ventricular dysfunction in patients with hypertension: an echocardiographic study with tissue velocity and strain imaging evaluation
Leggio, M., Mazza, A., Cruciani, G., Sgorbini, L., Pugliese, M., Bendini, M. G., Severi, P., & Jesi, A. P. (2014) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2014.44 · Cited by 29
Effects of combined exercise training and electromyostimulation treatments in chronic heart failure: A prospective multicentre study
Iliou, M. C., Vergès-Patois, B., Pavy, B., Charles‐Nelson, A., Monpère, C., Richard, R., & Verdier, J.-C. (2017) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487317712601 · Cited by 29
Experience of cardiac tele-rehabilitation: analysis of patient narratives
Knudsen, M. V., Laustsen, S., Petersen, A. K., Hjortdal, V. E., & Angel, S. (2019) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2019.1625450 · Cited by 33
The circadian system modulates the rate of recovery of systolic blood pressure after exercise in humans
Qian, J., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Hu, K., & Shea, S. A. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz253 · Cited by 30
Reference Standards for Ventilatory Threshold Measured With Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Vainshelboim, B., Arena, R. A., Kaminsky, L. A., & MYERS, J. N. (2019) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2019.11.022 · Cited by 29
Effect of High‐Intensity Interval Training on Visceral and Liver Fat in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Taylor, J. L., Holland, D. J., Mielke, G. I., Bailey, T. G., Johnson, N. A., LEVERITT, M. D., Gomersall, S. R., Rowlands, A. V., Coombes, J. S., & Keating, S. E. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22833 · Cited by 28
“Oral hypoglycemic agent 1 (5) 2 (9) 1.”
Risk Factors and Effects of the Morbus: COVID-19 through the Biopsychosocial Model and Ecological Systems Approach to Social Work Practice
Chigangaidze, R. K. (2020) · Social Work in Public Health · doi:10.1080/19371918.2020.1859035 · Cited by 40
“Retaining optimum physical conditioning can improve immune function and potentially protect a person from serious complications related to respiratory infections (De Castro, Neto, & de Castro, 2020; Fletcher et al., 2013; Pinto, Dunstan, Owen, Bonfá, & Gualano, 2020).”
Background
Updated knowledge and practical implementations of stress echocardiography in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiac diseases: An expert consensus of the Working Group of Echocardiography of the Hellenic Society of Cardiology
Kadoglou, N. P. E., Papadopoulos, C. H., Papadopoulos, K. G., Karagiannis, S. E., Karabinos, I. K., Loizos, S., Theodosis-Georgilas, A., Aggeli, K. D., Keramida, K., Klettas, D., et al. (2021) · Hellenic Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2021.07.006 · Cited by 28
Cardiorespiratory dysautonomia in post‐COVID‐19 condition: Manifestations, mechanisms and management
Fedorowski, A., Olsén, M. F., Nikesjö, F., Janson, C., Bruchfeld, J., Lerm, M., & Hedman, K. (2023) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13652 · Cited by 32
Effects of exercise in patients with connective tissue disease receiving high-dose glucocorticoids: A pilot prospective cohort study
Nagashima, M., Takahashi, D., Mizushima, T., & Yamauchi, K. (2021) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-021-04697-2 · Cited by 28
Exercise-Induced Blood Pressure Dynamics: Insights from the General Population and the Athletic Cohort
Pesova, P., Godula, B. J., Jiravský, O., Jelínek, L., Sovová, M., Moravcová, K., Ožana, J., Gajdůšek, L., Miklík, R., Škňouřil, L., et al. (2023) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd10120480 · Cited by 28
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Methodology, Interpretation, and Role in Exercise Prescription for Cardiac Rehabilitation
Kabbadj, K., Taiek, N., Hjouji, W. E., Karrouti, O. E., & Hangouche, A. J. E. (2024) · US Cardiology Review · doi:10.15420/usc.2024.37 · Cited by 28
Diagnostic tests: The role of cardiac imaging in clinical practice
Stokes, M. B., & Roberts-Thomson, R. (2017) · Australian Prescriber · doi:10.18773/austprescr.2017.045 · Cited by 28
Tendon Remodeling in Response to Resistance Training, Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Aging
Guzzoni, V., Selistre-de-Araújo, H. S., & Marqueti, R. D. C. (2018) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells7120251 · Cited by 28
The assessment of coronary artery disease in patients with end-stage renal disease
Poli, F. E., Gulsin, G. S., McCann, G. P., Burton, J. O., & Graham-Brown, M. P. M. (2019) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfz088 · Cited by 28
“The high prevalence of abnormalities on resting ECGs partly accounts for why exercise ECG has not been found to be predictive of severe CAD in ESRD patients, with sensitivity and specificity of 35% and 64%, respectively [31], much lower than the values of 68% and 77% in the general population [36].”
Result
Acute Effect of High-Intensity Interval Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on Blood Pressure and Arterial Compliance in Middle-Aged and Older Hypertensive Women With Increased Arterial Stiffness
Costa, E. C., Kent, D. E., Boreskie, K. F., Hay, J. L., Kehler, D. S., Edye-Mazowita, A., Nugent, K., Papadopoulos, J., Stammers, A. N., Oldfield, C., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003552 · Cited by 29
“The modified Bruce protocol (20) was adopted, and the subjects exercised until volitional exhaustion (37).”
Method
Non-invasive ventilation improves exercise tolerance and peripheral vascular function after high-intensity exercise in COPD-HF patients
Goulart, C. D. L., Caruso, F., Garcia-Araújo, A. S., Arêas, G. P. T., de Moura, S. C. G., Catai, A. M., Mendes, R. G., Phillips, S. A., Arena, R. A., da Silva, A. L. G., et al. (2020) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106173 · Cited by 28
The V˙E/V˙co 2 Slope During Maximal Treadmill Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Arena, R. A., MYERS, J. N., Harber, M., Phillips, S. A., Severin, R. S., Ozemek, C., Peterman, J. E., & Kaminsky, L. A. (2021) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000566 · Cited by 28
“Inclusion criteria for the current analysis included CPX data on men and women: (1) aged ≥20 yr; and (2) with a maximal CPX performed on a treadmill following established guidelines.”
Method
Correlation Between the 6-Min Walk Test and Exercise Tolerance Test in Cardiac Rehabilitation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Cross-sectional Study
Saba, M. A., Goharpey, S., Moghadam, B. A., Salehi, R., & Nejatian, M. (2021) · Cardiology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40119-021-00210-0 · Cited by 29
Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Physical Health in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Du, L., Zhang, X., Chen, K., Ren, X., Chen, S., & He, Q. (2021) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd8110158 · Cited by 36
The management of patients with chronic heart failure: the growing role of e-Health
Piotrowicz, E. (2017) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1080/17434440.2017.1314181 · Cited by 28
“It is necessary to bear in mind the fact that physical training in HF patients needs to be monitored [26,30].”
Background

Authors: Fletcher, G. F., Ades, P. A., Kligfield, P., Arena, R., Balady, G. J., Bittner, V. A., Coke, L. A., Fleg, J. L., Forman, D. E., Gerber, T. C., Gulati, M., Madan, K., Rhodes, J., Thompson, P. D., & Williams, M. A.
Affiliations: Mayo Clinic (US)
ORCID: Ades, Philip A.
Arena, Ross
Balady, Gary J.
Bittner, Vera A.
Fleg, Jerome L.
Forman, Daniel E.
Gulati, Martha
Madan, Kushal
Rhodes, Jonathan
Thompson, Paul D.
Williams, Mark A.
Venue: Circulation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2013-08-20
Volume: 128
Issue: 8
Pages: 873-934
ISSN: 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e31829b5b44
OpenAlex: W2120888944
Cited by: 2,235
References: 823
Citations by year: 2026: 163 · 2025: 181 · 2024: 165 · 2023: 218 · 2022: 192 · 2021: 223 · 2020: 209 · 2019: 184 · 2018: 152 · 2017: 141 · 2016: 127 · 2015: 99 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 13
FWCI: 241.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Circulation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Training Studies
Keywords: exercise testing, exercise training, exercise prescription, aerobic exercise
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Exercise Test, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Exercise, Resistance Training

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