Treatment Deintensification Is Uncommon in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Open accessAbstract
Background—: Whether treatment deintensification in Americans with diabetes mellitus varies by glycemic control, health status, and calendar year (before/after February 2008 when safety concerns about intensive glucose control were reported in the ACCORD trial [Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes]) is unclear. Methods and Results—: We defined deintensification as discontinuation or dosage decrease of at least 1 glycemic medication without addition of, or uptitration of, another agent in the 120 days after the index glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) measurement. Of 99 694 individuals (mean age 54 years) in this retrospective cohort study being actively treated for new diabetes mellitus (50% 1 drug, 33% 2 drugs, and 17% ≥3 drugs), 12 921 (13.0%) had HbA1C <6% after 1 year, 19 670 (19.7%) had HbA1C 6.0% to 6.4%, 35 012 (35.1%) had HbA1C 6.5% to 7.5%, and 32 091 (32.2%) had HbA1C >7.5%. Glycemic therapy was deintensified in 18.3% of patients (21.2% of frail patients, 19.4% of those with multiple comorbidities, and 17.7% of otherwise healthy patients) with no gradient across glycemia levels (20.6% of those with HbA1C<6%, 17.3% of those with HbA1C 6.0%–6.4%, 17.7% of those with HbA1C 6.5%–7.5%, and 18.6% of those with HbA1C>7.5%). Similar proportions were seen even after exclusion of 26 985 patients being treated with metformin monotherapy: 23.3%, 20.4%, 20.3%, and 20% across the HbA1C strata. Therapy was deintensified in 22.5% of patients with index HbA1C <6.0% before February 2008 compared with 19.5% after ( P <0.001). Conclusions—: Among frail patients or those with multiple comorbidities, over three quarters with low HbA1C did not have their glycemic therapy deintensified, even after safety concerns were raised in the ACCORD trial.
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The evidence for the safety and efficacy of deintensification protocols in older adults is growing for both glucose and blood pressure management and is clearly relevant for palliative care.
“The evidence for the safety and efficacy of deintensification protocols in older adults is growing for both glucose and blood pressure management (97,134) and is clearly relevant for palliative care.”
From 13. Older Adults: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024</i> (2024) · cites this paper as [97]
The Discussion reports that glycemic therapy was rarely reduced even in frail patients or those with multiple comorbidities, and describes harms of intensive glucose control. This supports a rationale for glucose-treatment deintensification, but the paper measures deintensification rates rather than the safety or efficacy of deintensification protocols. It does not study blood-pressure deintensification; that topic appears in a cited reference. The palliative-care relevance is the citing authors’ own conclusion. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIntensive glycemic management with medication plans including insulin and sulfonylureas in older adults with complex medical conditions has been identified as overtreatment.
“Intensive glycemic management with medication plans including insulin and sulfonylureas in older adults with complex medical conditions has been identified as overtreatment and found to be very common in clinical practice (100-104)”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [104]
The Discussion (page not provided) identifies intensive glycemic control as a potential overtreatment concern for frail patients and those with multiple comorbidities, but cautions that intensive control does not necessarily constitute overtreatment in every case. The patient-characteristics table records insulin and sulfonylurea use, but the paper does not specifically identify treatment plans containing those drugs as overtreatment. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe evidence for the safety and efficacy of deintensification protocols in older adults is growing for both glucose and blood pressure management and is clearly relevant for palliative care.
“The evidence for the safety and efficacy of deintensification protocols in older adults is growing for both glucose and blood pressure management (104,153) and is clearly relevant for palliative care.”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [104]
The Discussion reports that intensive glucose control carries risks, especially for older or frail patients, and argues for greater attention to deintensification. But this study measures how often glycemic medications were reduced; it does not establish the safety or efficacy of deintensification protocols, and it does not study blood-pressure deintensification. The palliative-care relevance is the citing authors’ own framing. (LLM, conf=0.79)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIntensive glycemic management with insulin and sulfonylureas in older adults with complex medical conditions is very common in clinical practice.
“Intensive glycemic management with medication plans including insulin and sulfonylureas in older adults with complex medical conditions has been identified as overtreatment and found to be very common in clinical practice (100-104)”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [104]
The Discussion (page not available) reports that more than three quarters of frail patients or those with multiple comorbidities and HbA1C below 6.5% did not have their diabetes medications reduced, supporting the concern about persistent potentially excessive treatment. The patient-characteristics table lists insulin and sulfonylurea use, but does not establish that intensive regimens including those drugs are very common specifically among older adults with complex conditions; the cohort’s mean age was 53.9 years. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIntensive glycemic management in older adults with complex health status and medication plans that increase hypoglycemia risk through insulin and/or sulfonylureas has been identified as overtreatment and is common in clinical practice.
“Intensive glycemic management in older adults, particularly those with complex health status, with medication plans that increase the risk of hypoglycemia through use of insulin and/or sulfonylureas has been identified as overtreatment, is common in clinical practice”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [113]
The Discussion reports that more than three quarters of frail patients or those with multiple comorbidities and HbA1C below 6.5% had no reduction in diabetes medication, and it links overtreatment to increased hypoglycemia risk. The WHAT IS KNOWN section also identifies elderly patients and those with comorbidities as especially vulnerable. However, the paper does not specifically identify insulin and/or sulfonylurea regimens in older adults with complex health status as the common overtreatment described; its cohort had a mean age of about 54 (patient-characteristics table). (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The evidence for the safety and efficacy of deintensification protocols in older adults is growing for both glucose and blood pressure management and is clearly relevant for palliative care.
“The evidence for the safety and efficacy of deintensification protocols in older adults is growing for both glucose and blood pressure management (113,174) and is clearly relevant for palliative care.”
From 13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [113]
The Discussion reports that intensive glucose control can cause harm, including hypoglycemia, and argues for greater attention to deintensifying glycemic therapy in frail patients. But this study measured how often therapy was reduced, not the safety or efficacy of deintensification protocols; it did not evaluate blood-pressure deintensification. The copy provides section labels but no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Cites
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13. Older Adults: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022</i>
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s013 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ekhlaspour, L., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s013 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
13. Older Adults: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024</i>
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Ekhlaspour, L., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., Khunti, K., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s013 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
13. Older Adults: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes*, Bajaj, M., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., et al. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s013 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
- Authors
- McAlister, F. A., Youngson, E., & Eurich, D. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Venue
- Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
- Published
- 2017-04
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 1941-7705 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-7713
- OpenAlex
- W2606759177
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 3.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Government of Canada
- University of Alberta
- Alberta Innovates
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (126093_1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, treatment deintensification, glycemic control, HbA1c, ACCORD trial, vulnerable patients, comorbidities, metformin monotherapy, antidiabetic drug utilization, adults with diabetes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Health Status, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, United States, Biomarkers, Comorbidity, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Patient Safety
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