The DOI matches its Crossref record; 151 of the 152 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Perfluoroalkyl/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Links to Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Open accessAbstract
Conservative estimates by the World Health Organization suggest that at least a quarter of global cardiovascular diseases are attributable to environmental exposures. Associations between air pollution and cardiovascular risk have garnered the most headlines and are strong, but less attention has been paid to other omnipresent toxicants in our ecosystem. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are man-made chemicals that are extensively used in industrial and consumer products worldwide and in aqueous film-forming foam utilized in firefighting. As such, our exposure to PFAS is essentially ubiquitous. Given the long half-lives of these degradation-resistant chemicals, virtually, all people are carrying a body burden of PFAS. Health concerns related to PFAS are growing such that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine has recommended standards for clinical follow-up of individuals with high PFAS blood levels, including prioritizing screening for dyslipidemia. The link between PFAS and dyslipidemia has been extensively investigated, and evidence for associations is compelling. However, dyslipidemia is not the only cardiovascular risk factor with which PFAS is associated. Here, we review the epidemiological evidence for links between PFAS of concern identified by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including overweight/obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia. Moreover, we review the potential connections of PFAS with vascular disease and atherosclerosis. While observational data support associations between the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine PFAS and selected cardiac risk factors, additional research is needed to establish causation and better understand how exposure to PFAS leads to the development of these conditions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“| Lipid Metabolism | Affects cholesterol, linked to cardiovascular disease. | High | Adults | Long-term cardiovascular effects | [228] |”
From Industrial Applications, Environmental Fate, Human Exposure, and Health Effects of PFAS (2025) · cites this paper as [228]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“adults and the elderly are more vulnerable to metabolic, cardiovascular, and bone diseases.”
From Industrial Applications, Environmental Fate, Human Exposure, and Health Effects of PFAS (2025) · cites this paper as [228]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“| Cardiovascular Health | Linked to hypertension but not coronary heart disease. | Moderate | Adults | Long-term cardiovascular issues | [228] |”
From Industrial Applications, Environmental Fate, Human Exposure, and Health Effects of PFAS (2025) · cites this paper as [228]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Perfluoroalkyl Acids: A Review of Monitoring and Toxicological Findings
Lau, C., Anitole, K., Hodes, C., Lai, D., Pfahles-Hutchens, A., & Seed, J. (2007) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm128 · Cited by 2,620
Hu, X. C., Andrews, D. Q., Lindstrom, A. B., Bruton, T. A., Schaider, L. A., Grandjean, P., Lohmann, R., Carignan, C. C., Blum, A., Balan, S. A., et al. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00260 · Cited by 1,333
Rahman, M. F., Peldszus, S., & Anderson, W. B. (2014) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.045 · Cited by 1,022
De Silva, A. O., Armitage, J. M., Bruton, T. A., Dassuncao, C., Heiger-Bernays, W., Hu, X. C., Kärrman, A., Kelly, B., Ng, C., Robuck, A., et al. (2020) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.4935 · Cited by 835
Half-Lives of PFOS, PFHxS and PFOA after End of Exposure to Contaminated Drinking Water
Li, Y., Fletcher, T., Mucs, D., Scott, K., Lindh, C. H., Tallving, P., & Jakobsson, K. (2018) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2017-104651 · Cited by 815
Nelson, J. W., Hatch, E. E., & Webster, T. F. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901165 · Cited by 538
Biomonitoring of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Human Urine and Estimates of Biological Half-Life
Zhang, Y., Beesoon, S., Zhu, L., & Martin, J. W. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es401905e · Cited by 530
Xu, Y., Fletcher, T., Pineda, D., Lindh, C. H., Nilsson, C., Glynn, A., Vogs, C., Norström, K., Lilja, K., Jakobsson, K., et al. (2020) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp6785 · Cited by 342
Roth, K., Yang, Z., Agarwal, M., Liu, W. J., Peng, Z., Long, Z., Birbeck, J. A., Westrick, J. A., Liu, W., & Petriello, M. C. (2021) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106843 · Cited by 322
Tissue distribution, metabolism, and elimination of perfluorooctanoic acid in male and female rats
Heuvel, J. P. V., Kuslikis, B. I., Rafelghem, M. J. V., & Peterson, R. E. (1991) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.2570060202 · Cited by 289
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Environmental Impacts on Cardiovascular Health and Biology: An Overview
Blaustein, J. R., Quisel, M. J., Hamburg, N. M., & Wittkopp, S. (2024) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.123.323613 · Cited by 103
Bayode, A. A., Emmanuel, S. S., Akinyemi, A. O., Ore, O. T., Akpotu, S. O., Koko, D. T., Momodu, D. E., & López‐Maldonado, E. A. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.119719 · Cited by 40
Al‐Maqtari, Q. A., Mahdi, A. A., Othman, N., Noman, A. E., Alsubhi, L. M., AL‐Ansi, W., Asharuddin, S. M., Talib, M. K. M., Supramanium, S., & Al-Gheethi, A. A. S. (2025) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107169 · Cited by 34
Schlezinger, J. J., Bello, A., Mangano, K. M., Biswas, K., Patel, P. P., Pennoyer, E. H., Wolever, T. M. S., Heiger‐Bernays, W., & Bello, D. (2025) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-025-01165-8 · Cited by 29
Epigenetic Consequences of In Utero PFAS Exposure: Implications for Development and Long-Term Health
Abdulkadir, A., Kandel, S., Lewis, N., D’Auvergne, O., Rosby, R., & Hossain, E. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22060917 · Cited by 29
Metadata
- Authors
- Schlezinger, J. J., & Gokce, N.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- Circulation Research
- Published
- 2024-04-26
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1136-1159
- ISSN
- 0009-7330 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4571
- PMC
- PMC11047059
- OpenAlex
- W4395447637
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 152
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 12
- FWCI
- 3.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Circulation Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL142650)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R21ES034939)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Synthesis and properties of polymers
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, cardiovascular risk, dyslipidemia, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, hyperuricemia, atherosclerosis, vascular disease, environmental toxins, screening guidelines
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Environmental Exposure, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Risk Factors, Dyslipidemias
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
