Race/Ethnicity, Quality of Care, and Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke
Open accessAbstract
Background— Prior studies suggest differences in stroke care associated with race/ethnicity. We sought to determine whether such differences existed in a population of black, Hispanic, and white patients hospitalized with stroke among hospitals participating in a quality-improvement program. Methods and Results— We analyzed in-hospital mortality and 7 stroke performance measures among 397 257 patients admitted with ischemic stroke to 1181 hospitals participating in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke program 2003 through 2008. Relative to white patients, black and Hispanic patients were younger and more often had diabetes mellitus and hypertension. After adjustment for both patient- and hospital-level variables, black patients had lower odds relative to white patients of receiving intravenous thrombolysis (odds ratio [OR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77 to 0.91), deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.92), smoking cessation (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.91), discharge antithrombotics (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.92), anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.94), and lipid therapy (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.96), and of dying in-hospital (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.95). Hispanic patients received similar care as their white counterparts on all 7 measures and had similar in-hospital mortality. Black (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.35) and Hispanic (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.20) patients had higher odds of exceeding the median length of hospital stay relative to whites. During the study, quality of care improved in all 3 race/ethnicity groups. Conclusions— Black patients with stroke received fewer evidence-based care processes than Hispanic or white patients. These differences could lead to increased risk of recurrent stroke. Quality of care improved substantially in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke Program over time for all 3 racial/ethnic groups.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
This racial profile is similar to existing studies in stroke but reflects issues with equity of access, considering the well-documented health inequalities in stroke.
“This racial profile is similar to existing studies in stroke but reflects issues with equity of access, considering the well-documented health inequalities in stroke.30,31”
From Wellbeing After Stroke (WAterS): Feasibility Testing of a Co-developed Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention to Support Psychological Adjustment After Stroke. (2024) · cites this paper as [30]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports racial differences in guideline-based stroke care, and the opening passage describes a higher stroke burden among Black and Hispanic patients. It says the registry’s racial makeup is similar to the US population’s, not that the citing study’s racial profile matches earlier stroke studies; it also does not establish that this profile reflects inequity of access. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-5843 · Cited by 7,043 · see citing works
Capps, L. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.18.2487-b · Cited by 4,558 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2009 Update
WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., Adams, R. J., Carnethon, M. R., SIMONE, G. D., Ferguson, T. B., Flegal, K. M., Ford, E. S., Furie, K. L., Go, A. S., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.191259 · Cited by 3,891 · see citing works
WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, Lloyd-Jones, D., Adams, R., Carnethon, M., De Simone, G., Ferguson, T. B., Flegal, K., Ford, E., Furie, K., Go, A., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.191261 · Cited by 3,140 · see citing works
Models for Discrete Longitudinal Data
Molenberghs, G., & Verbeke, G. N. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-28980-1 · Cited by 1,032 · see citing works
Ischemic Stroke Subtype Incidence Among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics: The Northern Manhattan Study
White, H., Boden-Albala, B., Wang, C.-L., Elkind, M., Rundek, T., Wright, C., & Sacco, R. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000157736.19739.d0 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Early risk of recurrence by subtype of ischemic stroke in population-based incidence studies
Lovett, J. K., Coull, A. J., & Rothwell, P. M. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000110311.09970.83 · Cited by 736 · see citing works
Collaborators, N. M. S. S., Sacco, R. L., Boden-Albala, B. M., Gan, R., Chen, X., Kargman, D. E., Shea, S., Paik, M. C., & Hauser, W. A. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009445 · Cited by 722 · see citing works
Petty, G. W., Brown, R. D., Whisnant, J. P., Sicks, J. D., O’Fallon, W. M., & Wiebers, D. O. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.5.1062 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Use of race and ethnicity in biomedical publication
Kaplan, J. B. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.20.2709 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Rathbun, S. W. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.841403 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Schwamm, L. H., Fonarow, G. C., Reeves, M. J., Pan, W., Frankel, M., Smith, E. E., Ellrodt, G. A., Cannon, C. P., Liang, L., Peterson, E. D., et al. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.783688 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Self-citationPredictors of mortality and recurrence after hospitalized cerebral infarction in an urban community
Sacco, R. L., Shi, T., Zamanillo, M. C., & Kargman, D. E. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.4.626 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
All-or-None Measurement Raises the Bar on Performance
Nolan, T. W., & Berwick, D. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.10.1168 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
The Paul Coverdell Prototype Registries Writing Group* (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000165902.18021.5b · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Race-Ethnic Disparities in the Impact of Stroke Risk Factors
Sacco, R. L., Boden-Albala, B. M., Abel, G. A., Lin, I., Elkind, M. S. V., Hauser, W. A., Paik, M. C., & Shea, S. (2001) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.32.8.1725 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Morgenstern, L. B. (2004) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwh225 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Stansbury, J. P., Jia, H., Williams, L. S., Vogel, W. B., & Duncan, P. W. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000153065.39325.fd · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Reed, S. D., Cramer, S. C., Blough, D. K., Meyer, K. E., & Jarvik, J. G. (2001) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.32.8.1832 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Projected costs of ischemic stroke in the United States
Brown, D. L., Boden-Albala, B. M., Langa, K. M., Lisabeth, L. D., Fair, M., Smith, M. A., Sacco, R. L., & Morgenstern, L. B. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000237024.16438.20 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Johnston, S. C., Fung, L., Gillum, L. A., Smith, W. S., Brass, L. M., Lichtman, J. H., & Brown, A. N. (2001) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.32.5.1061 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mortality by Stroke Subtype in the United States, 1995-1998
Ayala, C. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/154.11.1057 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
The Population profile of the United States
(2002) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-0677 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Quality of Care in Women With Ischemic Stroke in the GWTG Program
Reeves, M. J., Fonarow, G. C., Zhao, X., Smith, E. E., & Schwamm, L. H. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.543157 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationTrends in racial and ethnic-specific rates for the health status indicators: United States, 1990-98.
Keppel, K. G., Pearcy, J. N., & Wagener, D. K. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Racial Variation in Initial Stroke Severity
Jones, M., Horner, R. D., Edwards, L. J., Hoff, J., Armstrong, S. B., Hammond, C. S., Matchar, D. B., & Oddone, E. Ž. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.3.563 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Disparities in Cardiac Care: Rising to the Challenge of Healthy People 2010
Lillie-Blanton, M., Maddox, T. M., Rushing, O., & Mensah, G. A. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.04.043 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Smith, M. A., Risser, J., Lisabeth, L., Moye, L., & Morgenstern, L. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000096459.62826.1f · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Patient–Physician Colorectal Cancer Screening Discussions and Screening Use
Lafata, J. E., Divine, G., Moon, C., & Williams, L. K. (2006) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.04.010 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Wolfe, C. D. A., Smeeton, N., Coshall, C., Tilling, K. M., & Rudd, A. G. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38510.458218.8f · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Ischemic stroke subtypes among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites
Uchino, K., Risser, J., Smith, M. A., Moyé, L. A., & Morgenstern, L. B. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000133212.99040.07 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry
Reeves, M. J., Broderick, J. P., Frankel, M., LaBresh, K. A., Schwamm, L. H., Moomaw, C. J., Weiss, P., & Katzan, I. L. (2006) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.007 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationQuality of hospital care in African American and white patients with ischemic stroke and TIA
Jacobs, B. S., Birbeck, G. L., Mullard, A. J., Hickenbottom, S. L., Kothari, R., Roberts, S., & Reeves, M. J. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000203335.45804.72 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationUse of Death Certificates to Study Ethnic-Specific Mortality
Caveney, A., Smith, M. A., Morgenstern, L., & Lisabeth, L. (2006) · Public health reports (1974) · doi:10.1177/003335490612100309 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Reeves, M. J., Mullard, A. J., & Wehner, S. (2008) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-8-19 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationSprigg, N., Gray, L. J., Bath, P. M., Lindenstrøm, E., Boysen, G., Deyn, P. P. D., Friis, P., Leys, D., Marttila, R. J., Olsson, J.-E., et al. (2007) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.02.003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A framework for addressing disparities in cardiovascular health
Mensah, G. A., & Dunbar, S. B. (2006) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/00005082-200611000-00007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
(2009) · PubMed · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Do gender and race impact the use of antithrombotic therapy in patients with stroke/TIA?
Lisabeth, L. D., Roychoudhury, C., Brown, D. L., & Levine, S. R. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000130500.44011.75 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rathore, S. S., Frederick, P. D., Every, N. R., Barron, H. V., & Krumholz, H. M. (2005) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.08.018 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Editorial Comment—Ethnic Disparities in Stroke
Tuhrim, S. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000153060.06006.00 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Giles, W. H., Croft, J. B., Casper, M. L., & Miller, J. K. (1998) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000062900 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kernan, W. N., Ovbiagele, B., Black, H. R., Bravata, D. M., Chimowitz, M. I., Ezekowitz, M. D., Fang, M. C., Fisher, M., Furie, K. L., Heck, D. V., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000024 · Cited by 5,170 · see citing works
Self-citationKleindorfer, D. O., Towfighi, A., Chaturvedi, S., Cockroft, K. M., Gutierrez, J., Lombardi-Hill, D., Kamel, H., Kernan, W. N., Kittner, S. J., Leira, E. C., et al. (2021) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000375 · Cited by 3,237 · see citing works
Forecasting the Future of Stroke in the United States
Ovbiagele, B. I., Goldstein, L. B., Higashida, R. T., Howard, V. J., Johnston, S. C., Khavjou, O., Lackland, D. T., Lichtman, J. H., Mohl, S., Sacco, R. L., et al. (2013) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e31829734f2 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Care: The American Experience
Cruz‐Flores, S., Rabinstein, A. A., Biller, J., Elkind, M. S. V., Griffith, P. A., Gorelick, P. B., Howard, G., Leira, E. C. C., Morgenstern, L. B., Ovbiagele, B. I., et al. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e3182213e24 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Self-citationStroke Epidemiology: Advancing Our Understanding of Disease Mechanism and Therapy
Ovbiagele, B. I., & Nguyen‐Huynh, M. N. (2011) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-011-0053-1 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Status and Stroke
Addo, J., Ayerbe, L., Mohan, K. M., Crichton, S. L., Sheldenkar, A., Chen, R., Wolfe, C. D. A., & McKevitt, C. (2012) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.639732 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Risk and Secondary Prevention of Stroke Recurrence
Flach, C., Muruet-Gutierrez, W., Wolfe, C. D. A., Bhalla, A., & Douiri, A. (2020) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.120.028992 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Hsieh, F., Lien, L.-M., Chen, S., Bai, C., Sun, M.-C., Tseng, H.-P., Chen, Y., Chen, C., Jeng, J., Tsai, S.-Y., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.936526 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults: Current Status and Future Directions
Halter, J. B., Musi, N., McFarland Horne, F., Crandall, J. P., Goldberg, A., Harkless, L., Hazzard, W. R., Huang, E. S., Kirkman, M. S., Plutzky, J., et al. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0020 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Why are acute ischemic stroke patients not receiving IV tPA?
Messe, S. R., Khatri, P., Reeves, M. J., Smith, E. E., Saver, J. L., Bhatt, D. L., Grau‐Sepulveda, M. V., Cox, M., Peterson, E. D., Fonarow, G. C., et al. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000003198 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationMan, S., Xian, Y., Holmes, D. N., Matsouaka, R., Saver, J. L., Smith, E. E., Bhatt, D. L., Schwamm, L. H., & Fonarow, G. C. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5697 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationRacial Differences in Atrial Fibrillation-Related Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality
Magnani, J. W., Norby, F. L., Agarwal, S. K., Soliman, E. Z., Chen, L. Y., Loehr, L. R., & Alonso, Á. (2016) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2016.1025 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Stroke Epidemiology in Thailand
Suwanwela, N. C. (2014) · Journal of Stroke · doi:10.5853/jos.2014.16.1.1 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Ormseth, C. H., Sheth, K. N., Saver, J. L., Fonarow, G. C., & Schwamm, L. H. (2017) · Stroke and Vascular Neurology · doi:10.1136/svn-2017-000092 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationInterventions Targeting Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Prevention and Treatment
Levine, D. A., Duncan, P. W., Nguyen‐Huynh, M. N., & Ogedegbe, O. (2020) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.120.030427 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Al‐Khatib, S. M., Hellkamp, A. S., Hernandez, A. F., Fonarow, G. C., Thomas, K. L., Al‐Khalidi, H. R., Heidenreich, P. A., Hammill, S. C., Yancy, C. W., & Peterson, E. D. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.066605 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationEllrodt, A., Fonarow, G., Schwamm, L., Albert, N., Bhatt, D. L., Cannon, C., Hernandez, A. F., Hlatky, M., Luepker, R., Peterson, P. N., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000435779.48007.5c · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationFreburger, J. K., Holmes, M., Ku, L. E., Cutchin, M. P., Shank, K. H., & Edwards, L. J. (2011) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.03.019 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Ikeme, S., Kottenmeier, E., Uzochukwu, G., & Brinjikji, W. (2022) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.036263 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Racial Disparities in Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment Rate for Stroke
Hsia, A. W., Edwards, D. F., Morgenstern, L. B., Wing, J. J., Brown, N. C., Coles, R., Loftin, S., Wein, A., Koslosky, S. S., Fatima, S., et al. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.613828 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Primary and Comprehensive Stroke Centers: History, Value and Certification Criteria
Gorelick, P. B. (2013) · Journal of Stroke · doi:10.5853/jos.2013.15.2.78 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Eliminating Medication Copayments Reduces Disparities In Cardiovascular Care
Choudhry, N. K., Bykov, K., Shrank, W. H., Toscano, M., Rawlins, W. S., Reisman, L., Brennan, T. A., & Franklin, J. M. (2014) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0654 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The prevalence of carotid artery stenosis varies significantly by race
Rockman, C. R., Hoang, H., Guo, Y., Maldonado, T. S., Jacobowitz, G. R., Talishinskiy, T., Riles, T. S., & Berger, J. S. (2012) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2012.08.118 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Community-Based Participatory Research
Springer, M. V., & Skolarus, L. E. (2019) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.118.024241 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Where to Focus Efforts to Reduce the Black–White Disparity in Stroke Mortality
Howard, G., Moy, C. S., Howard, V. J., McClure, L. A., Kleindorfer, D., D, B. M. K. M., Judd, S. E., Unverzagt, F. W., Soliman, E. Z., Safford, M. M., et al. (2016) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.115.012631 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Roth, D. L., Haley, W. E., Clay, O. J., Perkins, M. M., Grant, J. S., Rhodes, J. D., Wadley, V. G., D, B. M. K. M., & Howard, G. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.595322 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Bettger, J., Zhao, X., Bushnell, C., Zimmer, L., Pan, W., Williams, L., & Peterson, E. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-281 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationRacial and Ethnic Differences in Outcomes in Older Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Qian, F., Fonarow, G. C., Smith, E. E., Xian, Y., Pan, W., Hannan, E. L., Shaw, B. A., Glance, L. G., Peterson, E. D., Eapen, Z. J., et al. (2013) · Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.113.000211 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationBenefits of statin therapy and compliance in high risk cardiovascular patients
DEEDWANIA, P. C., & Lardizabal (2010) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.s9474 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Racial differences in disability after stroke
Burke, J. F., Freedman, V. A., Lisabeth, L. D., Brown, D. L., Haggins, A. N., & Skolarus, L. E. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000640 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Aparicio, H. J., Carr, B. G., Kasner, S. E., Kallan, M. J., Albright, K. C., Kleindorfer, D., & Mullen, M. T. (2015) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.001877 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Improving reperfusion therapy for acute ischaemic stroke
Saver, J. L. (2011) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04371.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Hanchate, A. D., Schwamm, L. H., Huang, W., & Hylek, E. M. (2013) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.112.669341 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationPhillips, A. R., Reitz, K. M., Myers, S. P., Thoma, F. W., Andraska, E., Jano, A., Sridharan, N. D., Smith, R. E., Mulukutla, S. R., & Chaer, R. A. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.021818 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Moving Towards Equity With Digital Health Innovations for Stroke Care
Verma, A., Towfighi, A., Brown, A., Abhat, A., & Casillas, A. (2022) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.035307 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Nasr, D. M., Brinjikji, W., Cloft, H. J., & Rabinstein, A. A. (2011) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.07.003 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Disparities in diabetes-related multiple chronic conditions and mortality: The influence of race
Clements, J. M., West, B. T., Yaker, Z. S., Lauinger, B., Deven, M., Haubert, J., Tahboub, M. A., & Everett, G. J. (2019) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107984 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Kam, W., Holmes, D. N., Hernandez, A. F., Saver, J. L., Fonarow, G. C., Smith, E. E., Bhatt, D. L., Schwamm, L. H., Reeves, M. J., Matsouaka, R., et al. (2022) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2022.0948 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Afro-Caribbean versus white patients in the UK
Sheikh, N., Papadakis, M., Panoulas, V. F., Prakash, K., Millar, L. M., Adami, P. E., Zaidi, A., Gati, S., Wilson, M. G., Carr‐White, G., et al. (2016) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309843 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
African ancestry protects against Alzheimer's disease-related neuropathology
the Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group, Schlesinger, D., Grinberg, L. T., Alba, J. G., Naslavsky, M. S., Licínio, L., Farfel, J. M., Suemoto, C. K., Ferretti‐Rebustini, R. E. D. L., Leite, R. E. P., et al. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.136 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Trends and Survival Between Ethnic Groups After Stroke
Wang, Y., Rudd, A. G., & Wolfe, C. D. A. (2013) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.112.680843 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Flores, L. E., Verduzco‐Gutierrez, M., Molinares, D., & Silver, J. K. (2019) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000001342 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Attenello, F. J., Adamczyk, P., Wen, G., He, S., Zhang, K., Russin, J. J., Sanossian, N., Amar, A. P., & Mack, W. J. (2013) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.03.036 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Improving Community Stroke Preparedness in the HHS (Hip-Hop Stroke) Randomized Clinical Trial
Williams, O. A., Leighton-Herrmann, E., Teresi, J. A., Eimicke, J. P., Kong, J., Ogedegbe, G. G., & Noble, J. M. (2018) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.117.019861 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Racial differences in mortality among patients with acute ischemic stroke: an observational study.
Xian, Y., Holloway, R. G., Noyes, K., Shah, M. N., & Friedman, B. (2011) · PubMed · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-154-3-201102010-00004 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sacco, R. L., Gardener, H. E., Wang, K., Dong, C., Ciliberti-Vargas, M. A., Gutierrez, C. M., Asdaghi, N., Burgin, W. S., Carrasquillo, O., García-Rivera, E. J., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.004073 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Racial differences in recurrent ischemic stroke risk and recurrent stroke case fatality
Albright, K. C., Huang, L., Blackburn, J. L., Howard, G., Mullen, M. T., Bittner, V., Muntner, P., & Howard, V. J. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006467 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Nilanont, Y., Nidhinandana, S., Suwanwela, N. C., Hanchaiphiboolkul, S., Pimpak, T., Tatsanavivat, P., Saposnik, G., & Poungvarin, N. (2013) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.12.001 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Marked Regional Variation in Acute Stroke Treatment Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Skolarus, L. E., Meurer, W. J., Shanmugasundaram, K., Adelman, E. E., Scott, P., & Burke, J. F. (2015) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.115.009163 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Addo, J., Bhalla, A., Crichton, S. L., Rudd, A. G., McKevitt, C., & Wolfe, C. D. A. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d744 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Atrial Fibrillation and Race – A Contemporary Review
Amponsah, M., Benjamin, E. J., & Magnani, J. W. (2013) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-013-0327-8 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Abilleira, S., Ribera, A., Permanyer-Miralda, G., Tresserras, R., & Gallofré, M. (2012) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.633578 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Race and Sex Disparities in Prehospital Recognition of Acute Stroke
Govindarajan, P., Friedman, B. T., Delgadillo, J. Q., Ghilarducci, D. P., Cook, L. J., Grimes, B. A., McCulloch, C. E., & Johnston, S. C. (2015) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.12595 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke in the United States: Does Residential ZIP Code Matter?
Agarwal, S., Menon, V., & Jaber, W. A. (2015) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.114.001629 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Brinjikji, W., Rabinstein, A. A., McDonald, J. S., & Cloft, H. J. (2013) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a3708 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Kumar, A., Adhikari, D., Karmarkar, A. M., Freburger, J. K., Gozalo, P. L., Mor, V., & Resnik, L. J. (2019) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzz014 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Nursing interventions in stroke care delivery: An evidence-based clinical review
Theofanidis, D., & Gibbon, B. (2016) · Journal of Vascular Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jvn.2016.07.001 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The effects of telemedicine on racial and ethnic disparities in access to acute stroke care
Lyerly, M. J., Wu, T.-C., Mullen, M. T., Albright, K. C., Wolff, C., Boehme, A. K., Branas, C. C., Grotta, J. C., Savitz, S. I., & Carr, B. G. (2016) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x15589534 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Faigle, R., Urrutia, V., Cooper, L., & Gottesman, R. (2017) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.116.015056 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Race-Ethnic Disparities in Hospital Arrival Time after Ischemic Stroke
Springer, M. V., Labovitz, D., & Hochheiser, E. C. (2017) · Ethnicity & Disease · doi:10.18865/ed.27.2.125 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Most Important Articles on Cardiovascular Disease Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Mody, P. S., Gupta, A., Bikdeli, B., Lampropulos, J. F., & Dharmarajan, K. (2012) · Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.112.967638 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Xian, Y., Holloway, R. G., Smith, E. E., Schwamm, L. H., Reeves, M. J., Bhatt, D. L., Schulte, P. J., Cox, M., Olson, D. M., Hernandez, A. F., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.114.005620 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, C., Peterson, E. D., Smith, E. E., Saver, J. L., Liang, L., Xian, Y., Olson, D. M., Shah, B. R., Hernandez, A. F., Schwamm, L. H., et al. (2012) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.112.002345 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationThompson, S. G., Barber, P. A., Gommans, J., Cadilhac, D. A.-M., Davis, A., Fink, J., Harwood, M. L. N., Levack, W., McNaughton, H., Feigin, V. L., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100358 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Controversies and evidence for cardiovascular disease in the diverse Hispanic population
Shaw, P. M., Chandra, V., Escobar, G. A., Robbins, N., Rowe, V. L., & Macsata, R. A. (2017) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2017.06.111 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Qualidade do cuidado ao acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico no SUS
Rolim, C. L. R. C., & Martins, M. S. (2011) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2011001100004 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Disparities in the Utilization of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Brinjikji, W., Rabinstein, A. A., & Cloft, H. J. (2013) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.08.008 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Labarthe, D. R., Goldstein, L. B., Antman, E. M., Arnett, D. K., Fonarow, G. C., Alberts, M. J., Hayman, L. L., Khera, A., Sallis, J. F., Daniels, S. R., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000410 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationDisparities and Trends in Door-to-Needle Time
Oluwole, S., Wang, K., Dong, C., Ciliberti-Vargas, M. A., Gutierrez, C. M., Yi, L., Romano, J. G., Perez, E. J., Tyson, B., Ayodele, M. O., et al. (2017) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.116.016183 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Reeves, M. J., Fonarow, G. C., Smith, E. E., Sheth, K. N., Messe, S. R., & Schwamm, L. H. (2024) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.124.046527 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationDecomposing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Use of Postacute Rehabilitation Care
Holmes, M., Freburger, J. K., & Ku, L. E. (2011) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2011.01363.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Morgenstern, L. B., & D, B. M. K. M. (2015) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.115.009533 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Suchy‐Dicey, A. M., Shibata, D. K., Best, L. G., Verney, S. P., Longstreth, W. T., Jr., Lee, E. T., Okin, P. M., Devereux, R. B., O’Leary, M. A., Ali, T., et al. (2016) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000443277 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Regional Variation in Recommended Treatments for Ischemic Stroke and TIA
Allen, N. B., Kaltenbach, L. A., Goldstein, L. B., Olson, D. M., Smith, E. E., Peterson, E. D., Schwamm, L. H., & Lichtman, J. H. (2012) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.112.652305 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationPrimary Stroke Center Hospitalization for Elderly Patients With Stroke
Bekelis, K., Marth, N., Wong, K. K., Zhou, W., Birkmeyer, J. D., & Skinner, J. (2016) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3919 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Minority Representation in Migraine Treatment Trials
Robbins, N. M., & Bernat, J. L. (2017) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.13018 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ethnicity and Functional Outcome After Stroke
McNaughton, H., Feigin, V. L., Kerse, N. M., Barber, P. A., Weatherall, M., Bennett, D., Carter, K. N., Hackett, M. L., & Anderson, C. S. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.605139 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Fragmentation of Care and the Use of Head Computed Tomography in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Bekelis, K., Roberts, D. W., Zhou, W., & Skinner, J. (2014) · Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.113.000745 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Boatright, D. B., Tunson, J., Caruso, E., Angerhofer, C., Baker, B., King, R., Bakes, K., Oberfoell, S., Lowenstein, S. R., & Druck, J. (2016) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.06.003 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Siegler, J. E., Boehme, A. K., Albright, K. C., & Martin‐Schild, S. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cai, T., Ni, H., Yu, M., Huang, X., Wong, K., Volpi, J. J., Wang, J. Z., & Wong, S. T. C. (2022) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2022.102522 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Bussell, S. A., & González‐Fernández, M. (2011) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.12.005 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Racial Differences in Outcomes after Acute Ischemic Stroke Hospitalization in the United States
Kumar, N., Khera, R., Pandey, A., & Garg, N. (2016) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.03.049 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Temporal Changes in the Racial Gap in Survival After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Joseph, L., Chan, P. S., Bradley, S. M., Zhou, Y., Graham, G. N., Jones, P. G., Vaughan‐Sarrazin, M., & Girotra, S. R. (2017) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2017.2403 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., Elkind, M. S. V., & Albert, M. A. (2021) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.121.057617 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Temporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Endovascular Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Sheriff, F., Xu, H., Maud, A., Gupta, V., Vellipuram, A., Fonarow, G. C., Matsouaka, R., Xian, Y., Reeves, M. J., Smith, E. E., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.023212 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationDisparities among Asians and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders with ischemic stroke
Nakagawa, K., Koenig, M. A., Asai, S. M., Chang, C. W. J., & Seto, T. B. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182840797 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Ankolekar, S., Rewell, S. S. J., Howells, D., & Bath, P. (2012) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00802.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Delivery of Physical Therapy in the Acute Care Setting: A Population-Based Study
Freburger, J. K., Shank, K. H., Knauer, S., & Montmeny, R. M. (2011) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20100337 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Racial Differences in Mechanical Thrombectomy Utilization for Ischemic Stroke in the United States
Esenwa, C. C., Lekoubou, A., Bishu, K. G., Small, K., Liberman, A. L., & Ovbiagele, B. I. (2020) · Ethnicity & Disease · doi:10.18865/ed.30.1.91 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Community-Based Participatory Research
Skolarus, L. E., Zimmerman, M. A., Murphy, J. B., Brown, D. L., Kerber, K. A., Bailey, S., Fowlkes, S., & Morgenstern, L. B. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.110.609495 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Stroke Ready Intervention: Community Engagement to Decrease Prehospital Delay
Skolarus, L. E., Zimmerman, M. A., Bailey, S., Dome, M. R., Murphy, J. B., Kobrossi, C., Dombrowski, S. U., Burke, J. F., & Morgenstern, L. B. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.003331 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Mehta, A. M., Fifi, J. T., Shoirah, H., Shigematsu, T., Oxley, T. J., Kellner, C. P., Leacy, R. A. D., Mocco, J., & Majidi, S. (2021) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a7217 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Luan-Erfe, B. M., Siddiqui, K. A., Schwamm, L. H., Kirwan, C., Nunes, A. M., & Mejia, N. I. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.117.006175 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationDivergent poststroke outcomes for black patients
Burke, J. F., Feng, C., & Skolarus, L. E. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000008391 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Trends in Stroke Thrombolysis Care Metrics and Outcomes by Race and Ethnicity, 2003-2021
Man, S., Solomon, N. C., Grory, B. M., Alhanti, B., Saver, J. L., Smith, E. E., Xian, Y., Bhatt, D. L., Schwamm, L. H., Uchino, K., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.52927 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of black race with recurrent stroke risk
Park, J., & Ovbiagele, B. (2016) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.04.012 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Predicting 90-day prognosis for patients with stroke: a machine learning approach
Abujaber, A. A., Alkhawaldeh, I. M., Imam, Y. Z. B., Nashwan, A. J., Akhtar, N., Own, A. M., Tarawneh, A. S., & Hassanat, A. B. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1270767 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Tracheostomy after Severe Ischemic Stroke: A Population-based Study
Walcott, B. P., Kamel, H., Castro, B. A., Kimberly, W. T., & Sheth, K. N. (2013) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.08.019 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Racial Disparities in Stroke Recurrence
Robinson, D., Stanton, R. J., Sucharew, H. J., Alwell, K., Haverbusch, M. A., Rosa, F. D. L. R. L., Ferioli, S., Coleman, E. R., Jasne, A. S., Mackey, J. S., et al. (2022) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000201225 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schwamm, L. H., Reeves, M. J., Pan, W., Smith, E. E., Frankel, M. R., Olson, D., Zhao, X., Peterson, E., & Fonarow, G. C.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2010-04-06
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1492-1501
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2074386052
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 15.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- Pfizer
- American Stroke Association
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
- Keywords
- ischemic stroke, racial disparities, ethnic disparities, quality of care, Black patients, Hispanic patients, Caucasian patients, intravenous thrombolysis, deep vein thrombosis prevention, smoking cessation, antithrombotic therapy, atrial fibrillation anticoagulation, lipid therapy, in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, Get With The Guidelines-Stroke, evidence-based care
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Black or African American, Brain Ischemia, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Health Care, Registries, Risk Factors, United States, Thrombolytic Therapy, Hospital Mortality, Stroke, Black People, White People, Racial Groups
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
