The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 4 of the 15 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Plasma Copeptin and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Animal studies suggest that the arginine vasopressin system may play a role in glucose metabolism, but data from humans are limited. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed plasma copeptin (copeptin), a stable C-terminal fragment of the arginine vasopressin prohormone. Using baseline and longitudinal data from a Swedish population-based sample (n=4742; mean age, 58 years; 60% women) and multivariable logistic regression, we examined the association of increasing quartiles of copeptin (lowest quartile as reference) with prevalent diabetes mellitus at baseline, insulin resistance (top quartile of fasting plasma insulin among nondiabetic subjects), and incident diabetes mellitus on long-term follow-up. New-onset diabetes mellitus was ascertained through 3 national and regional registers. All models were adjusted for clinical and anthropometric risk factors, cystatin C, and C-reactive protein. In cross-sectional analyses, increasing copeptin was associated with prevalent diabetes mellitus (P=0.04) and insulin resistance (P<0.001). During 12.6 years of follow-up, 174 subjects (4%) developed new-onset diabetes mellitus. The odds of developing diabetes mellitus increased across increasing quartiles of copeptin, even after additional adjustment for baseline fasting glucose and insulin (adjusted odds ratios, 1.0, 1.37, 1.79, and 2.09; P for trend=0.004). The association with incident diabetes mellitus remained significant in analyses restricted to subjects with fasting whole blood glucose <5.4 mmol/L at baseline (adjusted odds ratios, 1.0, 1.80, 1.92, and 3.48; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated copeptin predicts increased risk for diabetes mellitus independently of established clinical risk factors, including fasting glucose and insulin. These findings could have implications for risk assessment, novel antidiabetic treatments, and metabolic side effects from arginine vasopressin system modulation.
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Claims the paper makes
20 Own result · 8 Own interpretation · 7 No full text of the sources · 4 Own method · 2 Supported · 1 Supported so far · 1 Partly supported · 1 Not checked yet · 1 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“pharmacological blockade of the V2R, a potent stimulus of increased AVP secretion,35 was associated with a 5% incidence in hyperglycemic events during 30 days of tolvaptan treatment in patients with hyponatremia compared to 1% in controls, although numbers were small (12/223 vs 2/220).8”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] source
Table 3 in the adverse-events and safety section reports hyperglycemia in 12 of 223 tolvaptan recipients (5%) and 2 of 220 placebo recipients (1%). The Methods describe a 30-day trial in patients with hyponatremia. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [35] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“On the other hand, given the strict HbA1c criteria for new-onset diabetes in the MHR and the fact that the NDR and Diabetes 2000 registers require a physician diagnosis according to established diagnostic criteria,28, 29 those classified as new-onset diabetes cases in our study are unlikely to be misclassified.”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [28] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Research Design and Methods section says NDR data are reported by trained physicians and nurses during clinical visits and gives this study’s definition of type 2 diabetes. It does not say that NDR registration requires a physician diagnosis according to established diagnostic criteria. The MHR criteria and the citing authors’ inference about misclassification are not claims this citation specifically supports. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Continuous copeptin concentration at baseline was significantly higher in subjects who subsequently developed new-onset diabetes compared with those who did not, regardless of whether subjects with IFG at baseline were included (Table 3).”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The odds of insulin resistance increased with increasing copeptin in both crude analysis and after adjustment for model 1 covariates and FBG (Table 2).”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The association with incident diabetes remained significant in analyses restricted to subjects with fasting whole blood glucose <5.4 mmol/L at baseline (adjusted odds ratios 1.0, 1.80, 1.92, and 3.48; P=0.001).”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > Abstract > Methods and Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and from 0.832 to 0.841 (P=0.007) when copeptin was added to the clinical model of diabetes prediction.”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In cross-sectional analyses, increasing copeptin was associated with prevalent diabetes (P=0.04) and insulin resistance (P<0.001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The odds of insulin resistance increased with increasing copeptin in both crude analysis and after adjustment for model 1 covariates and FBG (Table 2).”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > Abstract > Methods and Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In subjects free of diabetes at baseline, the area under the ROC curve increased from 0.694 to 0.710 (P=0.08) when copeptin was added to the personal model”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nonetheless, after accounting for FBG and all other available diabetes risk factors, individuals in the top quartile of copeptin had a two- to three-fold excess risk of developing diabetes compared with those in the lowest quartile of copeptin.”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With addition of copeptin, the C-statistic from Cox regression models increased in subjects without diabetes at baseline from 0.702 to 0.718 in the personal model and from 0.835 to 0.844 in the clinical model.”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 3
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Interestingly, recent findings also indicate a cross-sectional association between plasma vasopressin and insulin resistance.3”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [3] source
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports an association between plasma copeptin and measures of insulin resistance, including HOMA-IR. It identifies copeptin as a surrogate for plasma vasopressin release, so the citing sentence is a reasonable paraphrase of an indirect finding; vasopressin itself was not measured. (LLM, conf=0.88)
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“mice who lack the V1bR have the opposite phenotype of lower fasting plasma glucose and increased insulin sensitivity.21”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [21] source
The Results report significantly lower fasting plasma glucose in V1bR−/− mice than in wild-type controls. The Discussion concludes that V1b receptor deficiency produces hypersensitivity to insulin. (LLM, conf=0.95)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In subjects without IFG, there was a significant improvement in the area under the ROC curve when copeptin was added to classical diabetes risk factors, consistent with an improvement in discrimination.”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the segment of the population free of diabetes, i.e. in subjects with a range of glucose values that should not affect copeptin through osmolality, copeptin was positively associated with FBG (Figure 1). Additionally, copeptin was positively associated with plasma concentration of insulin (Figure 1).”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“IDI was significantly improved by adding copeptin to the personal model for diabetes prediction in both non-diabetic subjects (P=0.01) and in non-IFG subjects (P=0.02) but non-significant when added to the clinical model (P=0.35 in non-diabetic individuals, P=0.09 in non-IFG individuals).”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In subjects free of IFG at baseline, the area under the ROC curve increased from 0.663 to 0.713 (P=0.03) and from 0.783 to 0.805 (P=0.04) when copeptin was added to the personal model and clinical model for diabetes prediction, respectively.”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When analyses were restricted to subjects without IFG at baseline, the C-statistic increased from 0.671 to 0.721 in the personal model and from 0.790 to 0.811 in the clinical model.”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among non-diabetic subjects at baseline, the Pearson correlation between copeptin and potential confounders, i.e. BMI, insulin and glucose, was 0.091, 0.12 and 0.10, respectively (P<0.001 for all).”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, FBG was the strongest risk factor for new-onset diabetes. Each 1 mmol/L increase of FBG at baseline increased the risk of future diabetes with an OR of 11.4 (95% CI 7.4–17.5) in the fully-adjusted model.”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > DISCUSSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increasing quartile of copeptin was associated with new-onset diabetes using this criterion both in subjects free of diabetes at baseline (OR=1.42 95% CI=1.04–1.94; P=0.029) and in subjects free of IFG at baseline (OR=1.67 95% CI=1.07–2.63; P=0.025) after full adjustment”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mice lacking the V1aR display impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and elevated AVP levels20”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [20] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Copeptin is a cleavage product of the C-terminal part of the AVP precursor that is produced in equimolar amounts with AVP, a process similar to the generation of insulin and C-peptide. In contrast to AVP, copeptin is stable, has a long half-life, and is not bound to platelets.”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [22] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Plasma AVP measurements are unreliable because AVP is unstable in vivo and ex vivo, is rapidly cleared from plasma, and is largely bound to platelets.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings suggest a model in which impaired signalling through the V1aR leads to elevated levels of AVP which in turn stimulates the V1bR and contributes to insulin resistance and diabetes development.”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > INTRODUCTION
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Plasma copeptin, a marker of vasopressin level, is elevated in myocardial infarction1 and predict prognosis in patients who developed heart failure after myocardial infarction.2”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In addition, AVP action has been linked to liver glycogenolysis (V1aR) and insulin and glucagon secretion (V1bR).14, 15”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, these differences were equally, or more, pronounced when the study population was restricted to subjects free from IFG at baseline, excluding the possibility that our findings regarding established diabetes risk factors and copeptin in relation to new-onset diabetes were solely driven by subjects who had IFG at the MDC-CC baseline exam.”
§ Plasma copeptin and the risk of diabetes mellitus > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Plasma AVP measurements are unreliable because AVP is unstable in vivo and ex vivo, is rapidly cleared from plasma, and is largely bound to platelets.
“There are major concerns regarding the reliability of AVP measurements in plasma, as AVP is an unstable molecule both in vivo and ex vivo, is rapidly cleared from plasma and is largely attached to platelets in the circulation.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Large population studies report that high copeptin levels might predict the development of T2D (11).”
From Effect of liraglutide on atrial natriuretic peptide, adrenomedullin, and copeptin in PCOS (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Copeptin shows potential as a rule-out marker in combination with troponin in myocardial infarction, and increased copeptin levels in heart failure are associated with worsened outcome (11).”
From Effect of liraglutide on atrial natriuretic peptide, adrenomedullin, and copeptin in PCOS (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“High plasma copeptin predicted future diabetes mellitus independently of known risk factors [18].”
From Vasopressin and hydration play a major role in the development of glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in obese rats (2015) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“Recent findings reveal an independent association between plasma copeptin, a surrogate for vasopressin, and risk of diabetes.”
From Low Water Intake and Risk for New-Onset Hyperglycemia (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Our data support the novel idea that vasopressin, besides its role in urine concentration, is also an important actor in glucose homeostasis (1).”
From Low Water Intake and Risk for New-Onset Hyperglycemia (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
Citations
Cites
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Tolvaptan, a Selective Oral Vasopressin V 2 -Receptor Antagonist, for Hyponatremia
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Self-citationManjer, J., Carlsson, S., Elmståhl, S., Gullberg, B., Janzon, L., Lindström, M., Mattisson, I., & Berglund, G. (2001) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/00008469-200112000-00003 · Cited by 543
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Arginine Vasopressin in Advanced Vasodilatory Shock
Dünser, M. W., Mayr, A. J., Ulmer, H., Knotzer, H., Sumann, G., Pajk, W., Friesenecker, B. E., & Hasibeder, W. R. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000066692.71008.bb · Cited by 523
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Li, J., Song, J., Zaytseva, Y. Y., Liu, Y., Rychahou, P. G., Jiang, K., Starr, M. E., Kim, J. T., Harris, J. W., Yiannikouris, F. B., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17662 · Cited by 268
Self-citationWater Intake, Water Balance, and the Elusive Daily Water Requirement
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Vasopressin: a novel target for the prevention and retardation of kidney disease?
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Enhörning, S., Bankir, L., Bouby, N., Struck, J., Hedblad, B., Persson, M., Morgenthaler, N. G., Nilsson, P. M., & Melander, O. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.88 · Cited by 197
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Enhörning, S., Struck, J., Wirfält, E., Hedblad, B., Morgenthaler, N. G., & Melander, O. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2981 · Cited by 177
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Enhörning, S., Wang, T. J., Nilsson, P. M., Almgren, P., Hedblad, B., Berglund, G., Struck, J., Morgenthaler, N. G., Bergmann, A., Lindholm, E., Groop, L., Lyssenko, V., Orho-Melander, M., Newton-Cheh, C., & Melander, O.
- Affiliations
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University (S.E., P.M.N., P.A., B.H., G.B., E.L., L.G., V.L., M.O.M., O.M.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.E., P.M.N., O.M.), Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Cardiology Division (T.J.W., C.N.-C.), Center for Human Genetic Research (C.N.-C.), and Cardiovascular Research Center (T.J.W., C.N.-C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and...
- Broad Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2010-05-18
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 2102-2108
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- PMC
- PMC3763235
- OpenAlex
- W1963947490
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 12.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL086875, R01HL083197, R01HL098283, K23HL080025)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK081572)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- copeptin, diabetes mellitus, vasopressin, insulin resistance, incident diabetes risk, glucose metabolism, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, biomarkers of diabetes risk
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glycopeptides, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Sweden, Prevalence, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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