Cited by 1,081Atrial Fibrillation Management and OutcomesVenous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and ManagementAcute Ischemic Stroke Management

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Risk of Bleeding With 2 Doses of Dabigatran Compared With Warfarin in Older and Younger Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: An Analysis of the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy (RE-LY) Trial

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Eikelboom, John W., Wallentin, Lars, Connolly, Stuart J., Ezekowitz, Mike, Healey, Jeff S., Oldgren, Jonas, Yang, Sean, Alings, Marco, Kaatz, Scott, Hohnloser, Stefan H., Diener, Hans-Christoph, Franzosi, Maria Grazia, Huber, Kurt, Reilly, Paul, Varrone, Jeanne, Yusuf, Salim·2011·Circulation

DOI 10.1161/circulationaha.110.004747

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dabigatran 150 and 110 mg twice a day and warfarin are effective for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. The purpose of this study was to compare their risks of bleeding in the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy (RE-LY) trial. METHODS AND RESULTS: The RE-LY trial randomized 18 113 patients to receive dabigatran 110 or 150 mg twice a day or warfarin dose adjusted to an international normalized ratio of 2.0 to 3.0 for a median follow-up of 2.0 years. Compared with warfarin, dabigatran 110 mg twice a day was associated with a lower risk of major bleeding (2.87% versus 3.57%; P=0.002), whereas dabigatran 150 mg twice a day was associated with a similar risk of major bleeding (3.31% versus 3.57%; P=0.32). There was a significant treatment-by-age interaction, such that dabigatran 110 mg twice a day compared with warfarin was associated with a lower risk of major bleeding in patients aged <75 years (1.89% versus 3.04%; P<0.001) and a similar risk in those aged ≥75 years (4.43% versus 4.37%; P=0.89; P for interaction <0.001), whereas dabigatran 150 mg twice a day compared with warfarin was associated with a lower risk of major bleeding in those aged <75 years (2.12% versus 3.04%; P<0.001) and a trend toward higher risk of major bleeding in those aged ≥75 years (5.10% versus 4.37%; P=0.07; P for interaction <0.001). The interaction with age was evident for extracranial bleeding, but not for intracranial bleeding, with the risk of the latter being consistently reduced with dabigatran compared with warfarin irrespective of age. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with atrial fibrillation at risk for stroke, both doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin have lower risks of both intracranial and extracranial bleeding in patients aged <75 years. In those aged ≥75 years, intracranial bleeding risk is lower but extracranial bleeding risk is similar or higher with both doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00262600.

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Background
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“The subgroup analysis of the dabigatran phase III, Re-ly study, suggested that major bleeding risk may increase with age for dabigatran.(39) Our study has suggested, however, that this risk increase is not significantly greater than for VKA.”
Result
Comprehensive risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation: emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options—a report from the 3rd Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork/European Heart Rhythm Association consensus conference
Kirchhof, P. F., Lip, G. Y. H., Gelder, I. C. V., Bax, J. J., Hylek, E. M., Kääb, S., Schotten, U., Wegscheider, K., Boriani, G., Brandes, A., et al. (2011) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eur241 · Cited by 247
Antithrombotic therapy in the elderly: expert position paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis
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“warfarin, irrespective of age and dose.(66) Gastrointestinal bleeds instead were more common with dabigatran 150-mg b.”
Background
Pulsatility and the Risk of Nonsurgical Bleeding in Patients Supported With the Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device HeartMate II
Wever‐Pinzon, O., Selzman, C. H., Drakos, S. G., Saidi, A., Stoddard, G. J., Gilbert, E. M., Labedi, M. R., Reid, B. B., Davis, E. S., Kfoury, A. G., et al. (2013) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.112.000206 · Cited by 234
Untitled work
Goodman (2014) · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.013 · Cited by 228
Assessing bleeding risk in patients taking anticoagulants
Shoeb, M., & Fang, M. C. (2013) · Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis · doi:10.1007/s11239-013-0899-7 · Cited by 235
“In addition, elderly patients and those with renal impairment may be at elevated risk of extracranial bleeding on dabigatran [24].”
Prevention of Dabigatran-Related Gastrointestinal Bleeding With Gastroprotective Agents: A Population-Based Study
Chan, E. W., Lau, W. C. Y., Leung, W. K., Mok, M. T. C., He, Y., Tong, T. S. M., & Wong, I. C. K. (2015) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.002 · Cited by 227
Pros and cons of new oral anticoagulants
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2020 Clinical guidelines for Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
Arakelyan, M. S., Bockeria, L. A., Vasilieva, E., Sp, G., Golukhova, E. Z., Gorev, M. V., Davtyan, K. V., Drapkina, O. M., Станиславовна, К. Е., Kuchinskaya, Е. А., et al. (2021) · Russian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4594 · Cited by 258
Dabigatran etexilate for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation: Resolving uncertainties in routine practice
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Consensus Document: Antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing coronary stenting
Eikelboom, J. W., Berger, P. B., Holmes, D. R., Bhatt, D. L., Becker, R. C., Angiolill, D., Faxon, D. P., & Moliterno, D. J. (2011) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th11-04-0262 · Cited by 204
Comparative Effectiveness of Warfarin and New Oral Anticoagulants for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation and Venous Thromboembolism
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Gastrointestinal bleeding with the new oral anticoagulants – defining the issues and the management strategies
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A comparison of dabigatran etexilate with warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves: The Randomized, phase II study to Evaluate the sAfety and pharmacokinetics of oraL dabIGatran etexilate in patients after heart valve replacemeNt (RE-ALIGN)
de Werf, F. V., Brueckmann, M., Connolly, S. J., Friedman, J. E., Granger, C. B., Härtter, S., Harper, R., Kappetein, A. P., Lehr, T., Mack, M. J., et al. (2012) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2012.03.011 · Cited by 185
Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, or Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Subgroups
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Dabigatran use in Danish atrial fibrillation patients in 2011: a nationwide study
Sørensen, R., Gislason, G., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., Olesen, J. B., Fosbøl, E. L., Hvidtfeldt, M. W., Karasoy, D., Lamberts, M., Charlot, M. G., Køber, L., et al. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002758 · Cited by 185
New Oral Anticoagulants and the Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage
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Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Rivaroxaban or Warfarin
Sherwood, M. W., Nessel, C. C., Hellkamp, A. S., Mahaffey, K. W., Piccini, J. P., Suh, E., Becker, R. C., Singer, D. E., Halperin, J. L., Hankey, G. J., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.024 · Cited by 187
Fibrinogen and Altered Hemostasis in Alzheimer's Disease
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“Anticoagulant therapy as”
Comparison of the Short-Term Risk of Bleeding and Arterial Thromboembolic Events in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients Newly Treated With Dabigatran or Rivaroxaban Versus Vitamin K Antagonists
Maura, G., Blotière, P., Bouillon, K., Billionnet, C., Ricordeau, P., Alla, F., & Zureik, M. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.015710 · Cited by 184
Thromboembolic Risk, Bleeding Outcomes and Effect of Different Antithrombotic Strategies in Very Elderly Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Sub‐Analysis From the PREFER in AF ( PRE vention o F Thromboembolic Events– E uropean R egistry in A trial F ibrillation)
Patti, G., Lucerna, M., Pecen, L., Siller-Matula, J. M., Cavallari, I., Kirchhof, P. F., & Caterina, R. D. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.117.005657 · Cited by 179
Age-Specific Incidence, Outcome, Cost, and Projected Future Burden of Atrial Fibrillation–Related Embolic Vascular Events
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Acute management of bleeding in patients on novel oral anticoagulants
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Factors Associated With Thrombotic Complications After the Fontan Procedure
McCrindle, B. W., Manlhiot, C., Cochrane, A. D., Roberts, R. E., Hughes, M. L., Szechtman, B., Weintraub, R. G., Andrew, M. E., & Monagle, P. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.1023 · Cited by 164
Use of Dabigatran for Periprocedural Anticoagulation in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Bassiouny, M., Saliba, W. I., Rickard, J., Shao, M., Sey, A., Diab, M., Martin, D. O., Hussein, A. A., Khoury, M., Abi‐Saleh, B., et al. (2013) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.113.000320 · Cited by 164
“Interestingly, they reported an alarming 31% complication rate in this age group, which is consistent with recent published data suggesting increased risk of major bleeding in patients ≥75 years old with use of dabigatran 150 mg.(17) Thromboembolic complications occurred in 2% of patients on dabigatran and none in the…”
Result
An update of consensus guidelines for warfarin reversal
Tran, H. A., Chunilal, S. D., Harper, P. L., Tran, H., Wood, E. M., & Gallus, A. S. (2013) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja12.10614 · Cited by 166
Acutely Injured Patients on Dabigatran
Cotton, B. A., McCarthy, J. J., & Holcomb, J. B. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1111095 · Cited by 161
Design and rationale for RE-VERSE AD: A phase 3 study of idarucizumab, a specific reversal agent for dabigatran
Reilly, P. A., Bernstein, R. A., Dubiel, R., Eikelboom, J. W., Glund, S., Huisman, M. V., Hylek, E. M., Kam, C. W., Kamphuisen, P. W., Kreuzer, J., et al. (2015) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th15-03-0192 · Cited by 154
Association of NSAID Use With Risk of Bleeding and Cardiovascular Events in Patients Receiving Antithrombotic Therapy After Myocardial Infarction
Olsen, A. S., Gislason, G., McGettigan, P., Fosbøl, E. L., Sørensen, R., Hansen, M. L., Køber, L., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., & Lamberts, M. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.0809 · Cited by 156
Antithrombotic drugs and risk of hemorrhagic stroke in the general population
García‐Rodríguez, L. A., Gaist, D., Morton, J., Cookson, C., & González‐Pérez, A. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31829e6ffa · Cited by 151
Choosing a particular oral anticoagulant and dose for stroke prevention in individual patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: part 1
Diener, H., Aisenberg, J., Ansell, J., Atar, D., BREITHARDT, G. E., Eikelboom, J. W., Ezekowitz, M. D., Granger, C. B., Halperin, J. L., Hohnloser, S. H., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv643 · Cited by 147
Vitamin K antagonists: relative strengths and weaknesses vs. direct oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation
Zirlik, A., & Bode, C. (2016) · Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis · doi:10.1007/s11239-016-1446-0 · Cited by 158
“a Intention-to-treat analysis b Data with additional events as per [34] or [33] or [43] c Primary efficacy endpoint in ENGAGE-AF was time to adjudicated stroke or systemic embolic event d Primary safety outcome in RE-LY and ARISTOTLE e Major or minor bleeding (minor bleeding was any bleeding not considered to be a maj…”
Background
Stroke and Major Bleeding Risk in Elderly Patients Aged ≥75 Years With Atrial Fibrillation
Lip, G. Y. H., Clémenty, N., Pericart, L., Banerjee, A., & Fauchier, L. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.114.007199 · Cited by 145
Choosing a particular oral anticoagulant and dose for stroke prevention in individual patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: part 2
Diener, H., Aisenberg, J., Ansell, J., Atar, D., BREITHARDT, G. E., Eikelboom, J. W., Ezekowitz, M. D., Granger, C. B., Halperin, J. L., Hohnloser, S. H., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw069 · Cited by 142
Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin for preventing stroke and systemic embolic events among atrial fibrillation patients with chronic kidney disease
Kimachi, M., Furukawa, T. A., Kimachi, K., Goto, Y., Fukuma, S., & Fukuhara, S. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011373.pub2 · Cited by 144
2016 Guidelines of the Taiwan Heart Rhythm Society and the Taiwan Society of Cardiology for the management of atrial fibrillation
Chiang, C., Wu, T.-J., Ueng, K.-C., Chao, T., Chang, K., Wang, C.-C., Lin, Y., Yin, W., Kuo, J., Lin, W., et al. (2016) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2016.10.005 · Cited by 138
Oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: current status, special situations, and unmet needs
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Laboratory and Clinical Monitoring of Direct Acting Oral Anticoagulants: What Clinicians Need to Know
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Lutz, J., Jurk, K., & Schinzel, H. (2017) · International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease · doi:10.2147/ijnrd.s105771 · Cited by 132
“3).(56) Dabigatran should not be used in patients with a GFR below 60 mL/min, although the US Food and Drug Administration approved dabigatran 75 mg twice daily in patients with a CrCl between 15 and 30 mL/min.”
JCS/JHRS 2020 Guideline on Pharmacotherapy of Cardiac Arrhythmias
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A comparison of the safety and effectiveness of dabigatran and warfarin in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients in a large healthcare system
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“Descriptive data from the RE-LY trial indicate that patients on warfarin experienced higher frequencies of upper vs lower GI bleeding (75 % vs 25 %, respectively), while patients on dabigatran experienced approximately equal frequencies of upper vs lower GI bleeds (53 % vs 47 %, respectively) regardless of dose (24).”
Background
Major Bleeding Risk During Anticoagulation with Warfarin, Dabigatran, Apixaban, or Rivaroxaban in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
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Authors: Eikelboom, J. W., Wallentin, L., Connolly, S. J., Ezekowitz, M., Healey, J. S., Oldgren, J., Yang, S., Alings, M., Kaatz, S., Hohnloser, S. H., Diener, H.-C., Franzosi, M. G., Huber, K., Reilly, P., Varrone, J., & Yusuf, S.
Affiliations: Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
ORCID: Eikelboom, John W.
Wallentin, Lars
Connolly, Stuart J.
Healey, Jeff S.
Oldgren, Jonas
Alings, Marco
Kaatz, Scott
Hohnloser, Stefan H.
Diener, Hans-Christoph
Huber, Kurt
Yusuf, Salim
Venue: Circulation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2011-05-31
Volume: 123
Issue: 21
Pages: 2363-2372
ISSN: 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.004747
OpenAlex: W2064357176
Cited by: 1,081
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 121 · 2014: 99 · 2013: 167 · 2012: 156
FWCI: 100.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Circulation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Universitätsbibliographie, Universität Duisburg-Essen (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Keywords: dabigatran, warfarin, atrial fibrillation, major bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, extracranial hemorrhage, stroke prevention, anticoagulation, elderly patients, age interaction, RE-LY trial, direct thrombin inhibitors, dose comparison, international normalized ratio, bleeding risk stratification, bleeding risk prediction model
MeSH terms: Dabigatran, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anticoagulants, Atrial Fibrillation, Benzimidazoles, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Hemorrhage, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Warfarin, beta-Alanine

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Risk of Bleeding With 2 Doses of Dabigatran Compared With Warfarin in Older and Younger Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: An Analysis of the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy (RE-LY) Trial

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