Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Open accessAbstract
The aim of this updated statement is to provide comprehensive and timely evidence-based recommendations on the prevention of stroke among individuals who have not previously experienced a stroke or transient ischemic attack. Evidence-based recommendations are included for the control of risk factors, interventional approaches to atherosclerotic disease of the cervicocephalic circulation, and antithrombotic treatments for preventing thrombotic and thromboembolic stroke. Further recommendations are provided for genetic and pharmacogenetic testing and for the prevention of stroke in a variety of other specific circumstances, including sickle cell disease and patent foramen ovale.
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The American Heart Association recommends moderate to vigorous aerobic physical activity for at least 40 minutes per day, 3 to 4 days per week, to prevent stroke.
“The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends moderate to vigorous aerobic physical activity at least 40 min a day, 3 to 4 days per week, to prevent stroke.12,13”
From Sex Differences in Physical Activity and Incident Stroke: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
The review's results support stroke prevention guideline recommendations that moderate to vigorous physical activity at a moderate frequency of 3 to 4 times per week reduces stroke risk.
“Our results also support recommendations found in stroke prevention guidelines,12,13 that moderate to vigorous physical activity at a moderate frequency (3–4 times per week) reduces risk of stroke.”
From Sex Differences in Physical Activity and Incident Stroke: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
Dementia and other NCDs, such as CHD, share multiple overlapping lifestyle and clinical risk factors (for example, obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure), acting singly or together to increase risk, and may all benefit from risk reduction efforts.
“Importantly, dementia and other NCDs, such as CHD, share more than their ranking in the WHO top 10 causes of death. They are also characterized by multiple overlapping lifestyle and clinical risk factors (for example, obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure), acting singly or together to increase risk, and may all benefit from risk reduction efforts.19–22”
From Common risk factors for major noncommunicable disease, a systematic overview of reviews and commentary: the implied potential for targeted risk reduction (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Meschia, J. F., Bushnell, C., Boden-Albala, B., Braun, L. T., Bravata, D. M., Chaturvedi, S., Creager, M. A., Eckel, R. H., Elkind, M. S. V., Fornage, M., Goldstein, L. B., Greenberg, S. M., Horvath, S. E., Iadecola, C., Jauch, E. C., Moore, W. S., & Wilson, J. A.
- Affiliations
- American Heart Association (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Stroke
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3754-3832
- ISSN
- 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4628
- PMC
- PMC5020564
- OpenAlex
- W2114635452
- Semantic Scholar
- aedf428ced20aeb70aa41f076564312de248c805
- Cited by
- 2,650
- References
- 1,218
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 128 · 2022: 154 · 2021: 221 · 2020: 220 · 2019: 191 · 2018: 213 · 2017: 220 · 2016: 227 · 2015: 224 · 2014: 189 · 2013: 135 · 2012: 180
- FWCI
- 215.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Stroke (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- Sanofi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital
- Biogen
- University of Miami
- Wake Forest University
- Rush University
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Amarin Corporation
- York University
- IC Design Education Center
- Novo Nordisk
- National Institutes of Health (5u01ns069208-04)
- Claude Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine
- Abbott Vascular
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS034179, U01-NS069208)
- Daiichi Sankyo Europe
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
- Keywords
- stroke prevention, primary prevention, stroke risk factors, atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, antithrombotic therapy, thromboembolic stroke, thrombotic stroke, genetic testing, pharmacogenetic testing, sickle cell disease, patent foramen ovale
- MeSH terms
- American Heart Association, Humans, Primary Prevention, Risk Factors, United States, Evidence-Based Medicine, Stroke
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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