Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Childhood and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Open accessAbstract
Background—: The American Heart Association (AHA) defined a new concept, cardiovascular health, and determined metrics needed to monitor it over time as part of its 2020 Impact Goal definition. Ideal cardiovascular health is defined by the presence of both ideal health behaviors and ideal health factors. The applicability of this concept to a cohort of children and its relationship with cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood has not been reported. Methods and Results—: The sample comprised 856 participants aged 12 to 18 years (mean age 15.0 years) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study cohort. Participants were followed up for 21 years since baseline (1986) and had data available concerning health factors and behaviors in childhood and cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood (2007). The number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics present in childhood was associated with reduced risk of hypertension (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.66 [0.52–0.85], P <0.001), metabolic syndrome (0.66 [0.52–0.77], P <0.001), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.66 [0.52–0.85], P =0.001), and high-risk carotid artery intima-media thickness (0.75 [0.60–0.94], P =0.01) in adulthood. All analyses were age and sex adjusted, and the results were not altered after additional adjustment with socioeconomic status. Conclusions—: The number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics present in childhood predicts subsequent cardiometabolic health in adulthood. Our findings suggest that pursuit of ideal cardiovascular health in childhood is important to prevent cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood.
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Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in College Students
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Self-citationProductivity Burden of Hypertension in Australia
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Self-citationMaternal blood cadmium, lead and arsenic levels, nutrient combinations, and offspring birthweight
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Childhood lifestyle and clinical determinants of adult ideal cardiovascular health
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Self-citationPerspectives on high-intensity interval exercise for health promotion in children and adolescents
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When to prevent cardiovascular disease? As early as possible
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Self-citationStatus of Cardiovascular Health in US Children Up to 11 Years of Age
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Quantifying Options for Reducing Coronary Heart Disease Mortality By 2020
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Self-citationChanges in Cardiovascular Health in the United States, 2003–2011
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Handgrip Strength and Ideal Cardiovascular Health among Colombian Children and Adolescents
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Combined dyslipidemia in childhood
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Cardiovascular Health and Protection Against CVD
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Cardiovascular health in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: The SEARCH CVD Study
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Cardiac and Vascular Target Organ Damage in Pediatric Hypertension
Khoury, M., & Urbina, E. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2018.00148 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health in European adolescents: The HELENA study
Henriksson, P., Henriksson, H., Gracia‐Marco, L., Labayen, I., Ortega, F. B., Huybrechts, I., España‐Romero, V., Μanios, Y., Widhalm, K., Dallongeville, J., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.022 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Life Course Cardiovascular Health: Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Interventions
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Assessment of Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Children Aged 1 to 15 Years
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Tong, Z., Xie, Y., Li, K., Yuan, R., & Zhang, L. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18445-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
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Feinstein, M. J., Kim, J., Bibangambah, P., Sentongo, R. N., Martin, J. N., Tsai, A. C., Bangsberg, D. R., Hemphill, L., Triant, V. A., Boum, Y., et al. (2016) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.2016.0104 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Guidelines for Lipid Screening in Children and Adolescents: Bringing Evidence to the Debate
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Birth size, growth trajectory and later cardio-metabolic risk
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Heterogeneity in Blood Pressure Transitions Over the Life Course
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Lessons Learned From 10 Years of Preschool Intervention for Health Promotion
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Screening blood pressure measurement in children: are we saving lives?
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Abnormalities of vascular structure and function in pediatric hypertension
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Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adolescents: eHealth, Co-Creation, and Advocacy
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Association between cumulative exposure to ideal cardiovascular health and arterial stiffness
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Adherence with lipid screening guidelines in standard- and high-risk children and adolescents
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Achieving Cardiovascular Health in Young Adulthood—Which Adolescent Factors Matter?
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Laitinen, T. T., Ruohonen, S., Juonala, M., Magnussen, C. G., Mikkilä, V., Mikola, H., Hutri‐Kähönen, N., Laitinen, T. P., Tossavainen, P. H., Jokinen, E. V., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.117 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationIdeal cardiovascular health and inflammation in European adolescents: The HELENA study
González‐Gil, E. M., Santabárbara, J., Ruiz, J. R., Bel‐Serrat, S., Huybrechts, I., Pedrero‐Chamizo, R., de la O, A., Gottrand, F., Kafatos, A., Widhalm, K., et al. (2016) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2016.12.003 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Capítulo 3 - Avaliação Clínica e Complementar
Malachias, M. V. B., Souza, W., Plavnik, F. L., Rodrigues, C., Brandão, A., Neves, M. F., Bortolotto, L. A., Franco, R., Figueiredo, C., Jardim, P., et al. (2016) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20160153 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Cacau, L. T., Hanley‐Cook, G., Vandevijvere, S., Leclercq, C., Henauw, S. D., Santaliestra-Pasías, A. M., Μanios, Y., Mourouti, N., Díaz, L. E., González‐Gross, M., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-023-01379-4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Lane‐Cordova, A. D., Kershaw, K. N., Liu, K., Herrington, D. M., & Lloyd‐Jones, D. M. (2017) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpx060 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Inman, M., Daneman, D., Curtis, J., Sochett, E. B., Clarke, A. B. M., Dunger, D. B., Deanfield, J. E., & Mahmud, F. H. (2016) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.06.049 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wang, L., Li, M., Zhao, Z., Xu, M., Lu, J., Wang, T., Chen, Y., Wang, S., Dai, M., Hou, Y., et al. (2018) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.07.011 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Will Teens Go Red? Low Cardiovascular Disease Awareness Among Young Women
Gooding, H. C., Brown, C. A., Liu, J., Revette, A. C., Stamoulis, C., & de Ferranti, S. D. (2019) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.011195 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Hernandez, R., González, H. M., Tarraf, W., Moskowitz, J. T., Carnethon, M. R., Gallo, L. C., Penedo, F. J., Isasi, C. R., Ruiz, J. M., Arguelles, W., et al. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019434 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Janković, S., Stojisavljević, D., Janković, J., Erić, M., & Marinković, J. (2014) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-014-0579-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Kua, J. A., & Pang, J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236711 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Risé, P., Tragni, E., Ghezzi, S., Agostoni, C. V., Marangoni, F., Poli, A., Catapano, A. L., Siani, A., Iacoviello, L., & Galli, C. L. (2013) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2013.06.009 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Peng, H. Y., Méte, M., Desale, S. Y., Fretts, A. M., Cole, S. A., Best, L. G., Lin, J., Blackburn, E. H., Lee, E. T., Howard, B. V., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0199-6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dong, H., Yan, Y., Liu, J., Zhao, X., Cheng, H., Hou, D., Huang, G., Li, S., Wang, Y., & Mi, J. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.027 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Distribution of ideal cardiovascular health in a community-based cohort of Middle East population
Moghaddam, M. M., Mohebi, R., Hosseini‐Esfahani, F., Lotfaliany, M., Azizi, F., Saadat, N., & Hadaegh, F. (2014) · Annals of Saudi Medicine · doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2014.134 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Cardiovascular health in urban Chinese children and adolescents
Yan, Y., Liu, J., Zhao, X., Cheng, H., Huang, G., Hou, D., Mi, J., & on behalf of the China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) collaboration group (2019) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2019.1580383 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Staying Young at Heart: Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adolescents and Young Adults
Chung, R. J., Touloumtzis, C., & Gooding, H. C. (2015) · Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11936-015-0414-x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Islam, M. R., Rahman, S. M., Rahman, M., Pervin, J., Rahman, A. M., & Ekström, E. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272275 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Capítulo 14 – Crise Hipertensiva
Malachias, M. V. B., Souza, W., Plavnik, F. L., Rodrigues, C., Brandão, A., Neves, M. F., Bortolotto, L. A., Franco, R., Figueiredo, C., Jardim, P., et al. (2016) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20160164 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Botto, F. O., Obregon, S., Rubinstein, F., Scuteri, A., Nilsson, P. M., & Kotliar, C. (2018) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/s41371-018-0038-1 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Correlates of ideal cardiovascular health in European adolescents: The HELENA study
Henriksson, P., Henriksson, H., Labayen, I., Huybrechts, I., Gracia‐Marco, L., Ortega, F. B., España‐Romero, V., Μanios, Y., González‐Gross, M., Marcos, A., et al. (2017) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.018 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Childhood Exposure to Parental Smoking and Midlife Cognitive Function
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Self-citationEffectiveness and Safety of Statin Therapy in Children: A Real-World Clinical Practice Experience
Kavey, R.-E. W., Manlhiot, C., Runeckles, K., Collins, T. H., Gidding, S. S., Demczko, M. M., Clauss, S. B., Harahsheh, A. S., Mietus-Syder, M., Khoury, M., et al. (2020) · CJC Open · doi:10.1016/j.cjco.2020.06.002 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Magnussen, C. G., Smith, K. J., & Juonala, M. (2014) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-014-0373-x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationAgbaje, A. O., Haapala, E. A., Lintu, N., Viitasalo, A., BARKER, A. R., Takken, T., Tompuri, T., Lindi, V., & Lakka, T. A. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13307 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ruan, S., Raeside, R., Singleton, A. C., Redfern, J., & Partridge, S. R. (2020) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2020.1712522 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Williams, R. A., Cooper, S. B., Dring, K. J., Hatch, L. M., Morris, J. G., Sun, F., & Nevill, M. E. (2022) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-022-03118-3 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Trends and Clustering of Cardiovascular Health Metrics Among U.S. Adolescents 1988–2010
Yang, Q., Yuan, K., Gregg, E. W., Loustalot, F. V., Fang, J., Hong, Y., & Merritt, R. K. (2014) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.03.013 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
- Authors
- Laitinen, T. T., Pahkala, K., Magnussen, C. G., Viikari, J. S. A., Oikonen, M., Taittonen, L., Mikkilä, V., Jokinen, E., Hutri-Kähönen, N., Laitinen, T., Kähönen, M., Lehtimäki, T., Raitakari, O. T., & Juonala, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- From the Research Center of Applied & Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (T.T.L., K.P., C.G.M., M.O., O.T.R., M.J.), Paavo Nurmi Center, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit (K.P.), and Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland (L.T.) and Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu,...
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2012-04-24
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 1971-1978
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2036298368
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 15.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Kela
- Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
- Juho Vainion Säätiö
- Orionin Tutkimussäätiö
- Paavo Nurmen Säätiö
- Turun Yliopistosäätiö
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- ideal cardiovascular health, cardiometabolic outcomes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, LDL cholesterol, carotid intima-media thickness, Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, long-term follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Carotid Arteries, Child, Female, Finland, Humans, Hypertension, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Risk, Metabolic Syndrome, Young Adult, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
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