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Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Childhood and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Open accessAbstract
Background—: The American Heart Association (AHA) defined a new concept, cardiovascular health, and determined metrics needed to monitor it over time as part of its 2020 Impact Goal definition. Ideal cardiovascular health is defined by the presence of both ideal health behaviors and ideal health factors. The applicability of this concept to a cohort of children and its relationship with cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood has not been reported. Methods and Results—: The sample comprised 856 participants aged 12 to 18 years (mean age 15.0 years) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study cohort. Participants were followed up for 21 years since baseline (1986) and had data available concerning health factors and behaviors in childhood and cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood (2007). The number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics present in childhood was associated with reduced risk of hypertension (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.66 [0.52–0.85], P <0.001), metabolic syndrome (0.66 [0.52–0.77], P <0.001), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.66 [0.52–0.85], P =0.001), and high-risk carotid artery intima-media thickness (0.75 [0.60–0.94], P =0.01) in adulthood. All analyses were age and sex adjusted, and the results were not altered after additional adjustment with socioeconomic status. Conclusions—: The number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics present in childhood predicts subsequent cardiometabolic health in adulthood. Our findings suggest that pursuit of ideal cardiovascular health in childhood is important to prevent cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood.
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From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
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From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Approximately 27% of adults ≥20 years of age had a triglyceride level ≥150 mg/dL during 2007 to 201014”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Fewer than 3% of adults with a triglyceride level ≥150 mg/dL received pharmacological treatment during 1999 to 2004.14”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“The CDC analyzed data from 1994 to 2004 collected by the Indian Health Service that indicated that the age-adjusted prevalence per 1000 population of DM increased 101.2% among American Indian/Alaska Native adults <35 years of age (from 8.5% to 17.1%).”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
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“During this time period, the prevalence of diagnosed DM was greater among females than males in all age groups.14”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
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“After adjustment for age, sex, and race, the baseline status of metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with an increased risk of having metabolic syndrome during adulthood (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.8–13.8).”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
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From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Data from 771 participants 6 to 19 years of age from the NHLBI’s Lipid Research Clinics Princeton Prevalence Study and the Princeton Follow-Up Study showed that the risk of developing CVD was substantially higher among those with metabolic syndrome than among those without this syndrome (OR, 14.6; 95% CI, 4.8–45.3) who were followed up for 25 years.14”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Even after adjustment for these risk factors, excess CVD risk remains.14”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
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“40% incorrectly chose abuse/use behavior with a substance other than cigarettes as the most important CVD risk behavior.14”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Accidents were rated as the greatest perceived lifetime health risk (39%).”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Laitinen, T. T., Pahkala, K., Magnussen, C. G., Viikari, J. S. A., Oikonen, M., Taittonen, L., Mikkilä, V., Jokinen, E., Hutri-Kähönen, N., Laitinen, T., Kähönen, M., Lehtimäki, T., Raitakari, O. T., & Juonala, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- From the Research Center of Applied & Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (T.T.L., K.P., C.G.M., M.O., O.T.R., M.J.), Paavo Nurmi Center, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit (K.P.), and Departments of Clinical Physiology (O.T.R.) and Medicine (J.S.A.V., M.J.), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (C.G.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland (L.T.) and Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu,...
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2012-04-24
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 1971-1978
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2036298368
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 15.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Kela
- Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
- Juho Vainion Säätiö
- Orionin Tutkimussäätiö
- Paavo Nurmen Säätiö
- Turun Yliopistosäätiö
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- ideal cardiovascular health, cardiometabolic outcomes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, LDL cholesterol, carotid intima-media thickness, Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, long-term follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Carotid Arteries, Child, Female, Finland, Humans, Hypertension, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Risk, Metabolic Syndrome, Young Adult, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
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