The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metabolomic Consequences of Genetic Inhibition of PCSK9 Compared With Statin Treatment
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Background: Both statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors lower blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels to reduce risk of cardiovascular events. To assess potential differences between metabolic effects of these 2 lipid-lowering therapies, we performed detailed lipid and metabolite profiling of a large randomized statin trial and compared the results with the effects of genetic inhibition of PCSK9, acting as a naturally occurring trial. Methods: Two hundred twenty-eight circulating metabolic measures were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, including lipoprotein subclass concentrations and their lipid composition, fatty acids, and amino acids, for 5359 individuals (2659 on treatment) in the PROSPER (Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk) trial at 6 months postrandomization. The corresponding metabolic measures were analyzed in 8 population cohorts (N=72 185) using PCSK9 rs11591147 as an unconfounded proxy to mimic the therapeutic effects of PCSK9 inhibitors. Results: Scaled to an equivalent lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the effects of genetic inhibition of PCSK9 on 228 metabolic markers were generally consistent with those of statin therapy ( R 2 =0.88). Alterations in lipoprotein lipid composition and fatty acid distribution were similar. However, discrepancies were observed for very-low-density lipoprotein lipid measures. For instance, genetic inhibition of PCSK9 had weaker effects on lowering of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with statin therapy (54% versus 77% reduction, relative to the lowering effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; P =2×10 -7 for heterogeneity). Genetic inhibition of PCSK9 showed no significant effects on amino acids, ketones, or a marker of inflammation (GlycA), whereas statin treatment weakly lowered GlycA levels. Conclusions: Genetic inhibition of PCSK9 had similar metabolic effects to statin therapy on detailed lipid and metabolite profiles. However, PCSK9 inhibitors are predicted to have weaker effects on very-low-density lipoprotein lipids compared with statins for an equivalent lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which potentially translate into smaller reductions in cardiovascular disease risk.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“CETP inhibitors exert their relatively modest cardioprotective effects on the basis that in addition to their HDL-C raising effects, more potent CETP inhibitors also lower apolipoprotein B 22,23,75 .”
From Integrating genomics with biomarkers and therapeutic targets to invigorate cardiovascular drug development (2021) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“Had CETP not exerted such apolipoprotein B lowering effects, then all trials of CETP inhibitors (including that of anacetrapib 75 ) would have likely failed owing to lack of efficacy.”
From Integrating genomics with biomarkers and therapeutic targets to invigorate cardiovascular drug development (2021) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“REVEAL trial of anacetrapib 75 demonstrated evidence of vascular benefit; RCTs of apoA-I infusion 111 have thus far not shown benefit”
From Integrating genomics with biomarkers and therapeutic targets to invigorate cardiovascular drug development (2021) · cites this paper as [75]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Sabatine, M. S., Giugliano, R. P., Keech, A. C., Honarpour, N., Wiviott, S. D., Murphy, S. A., Kuder, J. F., Wang, H., Liu, T., Wasserman, S. M., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1615664 · Cited by 6,138
Davey Smith, G., & Ebrahim, S. (2003) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyg070 · Cited by 5,882
Shepherd, J., Blauw, G. J., Murphy, M. B., Bollen, E. L., Buckley, B. M., Cobbe, S. M., Ford, I., Gaw, A., Hyland, M., Jukema, J. W., et al. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11600-x · Cited by 3,378
Self-citationSequence Variations in PCSK9, Low LDL, and Protection against Coronary Heart Disease
Cohen, J. C., Boerwinkle, E., Mosley, T. H., & Hobbs, H. H. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa054013 · Cited by 3,181
Boyd, A., Golding, J., Macleod, J., Lawlor, D. A., Fraser, A., Henderson, J., Molloy, L., Ness, A., Ring, S., & Davey Smith, G. (2013) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dys064 · Cited by 2,996
Self-citationCollaborators, C. T. T. (. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60367-5 · Cited by 2,833
Cohort Profile: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: ALSPAC mothers cohort
Fraser, A., Macdonald-Wallis, C., Tilling, K., Boyd, A., Golding, J., Davey Smith, G., Henderson, J., Macleod, J., Molloy, L., Ness, A., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dys066 · Cited by 2,494
Self-citationEfficacy and Safety of Alirocumab in Reducing Lipids and Cardiovascular Events
Robinson, J. G., Farnier, M., Krempf, M., Bergeron, J., Luc, G., Averna, M., Stroes, E. S., Langslet, G., Raal, F. J., El Shahawy, M., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1501031 · Cited by 2,296
Interpretation of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of statin therapy
Collins, R., Reith, C., Emberson, J., Armitage, J., Baigent, C., Blackwell, L., Blumenthal, R., Danesh, J., Smith, G. D., DeMets, D., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31357-5 · Cited by 1,857
Self-citationEfficacy and Safety of Evolocumab in Reducing Lipids and Cardiovascular Events
Sabatine, M. S., Giugliano, R. P., Wiviott, S. D., Raal, F. J., Blom, D. J., Robinson, J., Ballantyne, C. M., Somaratne, R., Legg, J., Wasserman, S. M., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1500858 · Cited by 1,509
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Schwartz, GG, Szarek, M, Bhatt, DL, Bittner, V, Diaz, R, Edelberg, J, Goodman, SG, Hanotin, C, Harrington, R, Jukema, JW, Lecorps, G, Moryusef, A, Pordy, R, Roe, M, White, HD, Zeiher, A, Steg, PG. The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial: topline results alirocumab in patients after acute coronary syndrome. American College of Cardiology – 67th Scientific Sessions March 10, 2018; http://clinicaltrialresults.org/Slides/ACC2018/ODYSSEY_Steg.pdf. Accessed March 17, 2018.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Atlas of plasma NMR biomarkers for health and disease in 118,461 individuals from the UK Biobank
Julkunen, H., Cichońska, A., Tiainen, M., Koskela, H. T., Nybo, K., Mäkelä, V., Nokso-Koivisto, J., Kristiansson, K., Perola, M., Salomaa, V. V., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36231-7 · Cited by 550
Self-citationRichardson, T. G., Leyden, G. M., Wang, Q., Bell, J. A., Elsworth, B., Davey Smith, G., & Holmes, M. V. (2022) · PLOS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001547 · Cited by 304
Self-citationSystems biology in cardiovascular disease: a multiomics approach
Joshi, A., Rienks, M., Theofilatos, K., & Mayr, M. (2020) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-020-00477-1 · Cited by 307
Genome-wide characterization of circulating metabolic biomarkers
Karjalainen, M. K., Karthikeyan, S., Oliver‐Williams, C., Sliz, E., Allara, E., Fung, W. T., Surendran, P., Zhang, W., Jousilahti, P., Kristiansson, K., et al. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07148-y · Cited by 274
Self-citationNMR and Metabolomics—A Roadmap for the Future
Wishart, D. S., Cheng, L. L., Copié, V., Edison, A. S., Eghbalnia, H. R., Hoch, J. C., Gouveia, G. J., Pathmasiri, W., Powers, R., Schock, T. B., et al. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12080678 · Cited by 232
Ritchie, S. C., Surendran, P., Karthikeyan, S., Lambert, S. A., Bolton, T., Pennells, L. A. M., Danesh, J., Angelantonio, E. D., Butterworth, A. S., & Inouye, M. (2023) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-023-01949-y · Cited by 194
Self-citationHolmes, M. V., Richardson, T. G., Ference, B. A., Davies, N. M., & Davey Smith, G. (2021) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-020-00493-1 · Cited by 184
Self-citationGenotyping and population characteristics of the China Kadoorie Biobank
Walters, R. G., Millwood, I. Y., Lin, K., Schmidt, D., McDonnell, P., Hacker, A., Avery, D., Edris, A., Fry, H., Cai, N., et al. (2023) · Cell Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100361 · Cited by 155
Self-citationLetertre, M. P. M., Giraudeau, P., & Tullio, P. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.698337 · Cited by 147
PCSK9 inhibition and inflammation: A narrative review
Ruscica, M., Tokgözoğlu, L. S., Corsini, A., & Sirtori, C. R. (2019) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.07.015 · Cited by 133
Genetic and In Vitro Inhibition of PCSK9 and Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis
Perrot, N., Valerio, V., Moschetta, D., Boekholdt, S. M., Dina, C., Chen, H. Y., Abner, E., Martinsson, A., Manikpurage, H. D., Rigade, S., et al. (2020) · JACC: Basic to Translational Science · doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.05.004 · Cited by 91
Macchi, C., Banach, M., Corsini, A., Sirtori, C., Ferri, N., & Ruscica, M. (2019) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487319831500 · Cited by 78
Karjalainen, M. K., Holmes, M. V., Wang, Q., Anufrieva, O., Kähönen, M. A. P., Lehtimäki, T. J., Havulinna, A. S., Kristiansson, K., Salomaa, V. V., Perola, M., et al. (2020) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.002 · Cited by 76
Self-citationLi, C.-L., & Liu, S. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25137347 · Cited by 76
Diabetogenic Action of Statins: Mechanisms
Carmena, R., & Betteridge, D. J. (2019) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-019-0780-z · Cited by 70
Taylor, K., Ferreira, D. L. S., West, J., Yang, T., Caputo, M., & Lawlor, D. A. (2019) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo9090190 · Cited by 63
Self-citationMetabolomic epidemiology offers insights into disease aetiology
Fuller, H., Zhu, Y., Nicholas, J. C., Chatelaine, H., Drzymalla, E., Sarvestani, A. K., Julián‐Serrano, S., Tahir, U. A., Sinnott-Armstrong, N., Raffield, L. M., et al. (2023) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-023-00903-x · Cited by 63
Holmes, M. V., & Ala‐Korpela, M. (2019) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-019-0157-6 · Cited by 61
Self-citationAla‐Korpela, M., Zhao, S., Järvelin, M., Mäkinen, V., & Ohukainen, P. (2021) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyab156 · Cited by 57
Self-citationAla‐Korpela, M. (2019) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyz068 · Cited by 54
Self-citationKivelä, J., Sormunen‐Harju, H., Girchenko, P. V., Huvinen, E., Stach‐Lempinen, B., Kajantie, E., Villa, P., Reynolds, R. M., Hämäläinen, E. K., Lahti‐Pulkkinen, M., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab475 · Cited by 51
Robinson, G., Waddington, K. E., Coelewij, L., Peng, J., Naja, M., Wincup, C., Radziszewska, A., Peckham, H., Isenberg, D. A., Ioannou, Y., et al. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103243 · Cited by 45
Metabolomic Signature of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 Deficiency in Fasting and Postprandial State
Tikkanen, E., Minicocci, I., Hällfors, J., Costanzo, A. D., D’Erasmo, L., Poggiogalle, E., Donini, L. M., Würtz, P., Jauhiainen, M., Olkkonen, V. M., et al. (2019) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.118.312021 · Cited by 41
Self-citationPersonalized Clinical Phenotyping through Systems Medicine and Artificial Intelligence
Cesario, A., D’Oria, M., Bove, F., Privitera, G., Boškoski, I., Pedicino, D., Boldrini, L., Erra, C., Loreti, C., Liuzzo, G., et al. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11040265 · Cited by 41
Schooling, C., Zhao, J., Au Yeung, S., & Leung, G. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.58567 · Cited by 39
Emwas, A.-H. M., Zacharias, H. U., Alborghetti, M. R., Gowda, G. A. N., Raftery, D., McKay, R. T., Chang, C., Saccenti, E., Gronwald, W., Schuchardt, S., et al. (2025) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-025-02259-7 · Cited by 42
Coelewij, L., Waddington, K. E., Robinson, G., Chocano, E., McDonnell, T. C. R., Farinha, F., Peng, J., Dönnes, P., Smith, E., Croca, S. C., et al. (2021) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.120.315321 · Cited by 39
Low levels of small HDL particles predict but do not influence risk of sepsis
Hamilton, F., Pedersen, K. M., Ghazal, P., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Smith, G. D. (2023) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-023-04589-1 · Cited by 30
Øyri, L. K. L., Bogsrud, M. P., Christensen, J. J., Ulven, S. M., Brantsæter, A. L., Retterstøl, K., Brekke, H. K., Michelsen, T. M., Henriksen, T., van Lennep, J. E. R., et al. (2021) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-021-01959-w · Cited by 31
Pyrroloquinoline quinone inhibits PCSK9-NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis of Leydig cells in obese mice
Wang, J., Zhang, S., Hu, L., Wang, Y., Liu, K., Le, J., Tan, Y., Li, T., Xue, H., Wei, Y., et al. (2023) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-023-06162-8 · Cited by 30
Effects of dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane and S-ketamine on the human metabolome
Nummela, A. J., Laaksonen, L., Laitio, T. T., Kallionpää, R., Långsjö, J., Scheinin, J., Vahlberg, T. J., Koskela, H. T., Aittomäki, V., Valli, K., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/eja.0000000000001591 · Cited by 31
Self-citationJury, E. C., Peng, J., van Vijfeijken, A., Martin‐Gutierrez, L., Woodridge, L., Wincup, C., Pineda‐Torra, I., Ciurtin, C., & Robinson, G. (2023) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kead646 · Cited by 33
Association of Circulating Metabolites in Plasma or Serum and Risk of Stroke
Vojinović, D., Kalaoja, M., Trompet, S., Fischer, K., Shipley, M. J., Li, S., Havulinna, A. S., Perola, M., Salomaa, V. V., Yang, Q., et al. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000011236 · Cited by 48
Self-citationBos, M. M., Goulding, N., Lee, M. A., Hofman, A., Bot, M., Pool, R., Vijfhuizen, L. S., Zhang, X., Li, C., Mustafa, R., et al. (2021) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-021-01939-0 · Cited by 21
Self-citationLandfors, F., Chorell, E., & Kersten, S. (2022) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100313 · Cited by 24
Ritchie, S. C., Surendran, P., Karthikeyan, S., Lambert, S. A., Bolton, T. R., Pennells, L. A. M., Danesh, J., Angelantonio, E. D., Butterworth, A. S., & Inouye, M. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.09.24.21264079 · Cited by 24
Self-citationManagement of Lipid Abnormalities in Patients with Diabetes
Sillars, A., & Sattar, N. A. (2019) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-019-1246-1 · Cited by 24
Self-citationZonneveld, M. H., Kuhaili, N. A., Mooijaart, S. P., Slagboom, P. E., Jukema, J. W., Noordam, R., & Trompet, S. (2024) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-024-01391-x · Cited by 21
Self-citationA phenome-wide association study of genetically mimicked statins
Li, S., & Schooling, C. M. (2021) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02013-5 · Cited by 20
Metabolomics and Cardiovascular Imaging: A Combined Approach for Cardiovascular Ageing
Koh, A. S.-M., & Kovalik, J. (2021) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.13274 · Cited by 22
Fung, E., Chan, E. Y. S., Ng, K. H., Yu, K. M., Li, H., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1186/s12950-023-00358-7 · Cited by 20
Øyri, L. K. L., Christensen, J. J., Sebert, S. P., Thoresen, M., Michelsen, T. M., Ulven, S. M., Brekke, H. K., Retterstøl, K., Brantsæter, A. L., Magnus, P. M., et al. (2023) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-023-02742-9 · Cited by 19
Self-citationElevated Remnant and LDL Cholesterol and the Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease
Wadström, B. N., Borges, M. C., Wulff, A. B., Smith, G. D., Sanderson, E. C. M., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2025) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2024.12.033 · Cited by 19
Pharmacometabolomics for the Study of Lipid-Lowering Therapies: Opportunities and Challenges
Gianazza, E., Brioschi, M., Iezzi, A., Paglia, G., & Banfi, C. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24043291 · Cited by 18
Lai, Q., Yuan, G., Wang, H., Liu, Z., Kou, J., Yu, B., & Li, F. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109820 · Cited by 18
Glycosylation and Cardiovascular Diseases
Dashti, H., Pabón, M. A., & Mora, S. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_15 · Cited by 17
Martins, A. M. A., Paiva, M. U. B., Paiva, D. V. N., de Oliveira, R. M., Machado, H. L., Alves, L. J. S. R., Picossi, C. R. C., Faccio, A. T., Tavares, M. F. M., Barbas, C., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.788062 · Cited by 18
PCSK9 Inhibition to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk
Waters, D. D., & Hsue, P. Y. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.117.311015 · Cited by 17
Heart Valve Disease: Challenges and New Opportunities
Bartoli‐Leonard, F., & Aïkawa, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2020.602271 · Cited by 17
Lipoprotein profiles of fat distribution and its association with insulin sensitivity
Wei, D., Marrachelli, V. G., Melgarejo, J. D., Liao, C., Janssens, S. P., Verhamme, P. B., Vanassche, T., Aelst, L. N. L. V., Monleón, D., Redón, J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.978745 · Cited by 15
Rehues, P., Girona, J., Guardiola, M., Plana, N., Scicali, R., Piro, S., Muñiz-Grijalvo, O., Díaz-Díaz, J. L., Recasens, L., Pinyol, M., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24032319 · Cited by 12
Hübel, C., Herle, M., Ferreira, D. L. S., Abdulkadir, M., Bryant‐Waugh, R., Loos, R. J. F., Bulik, C. M., Lawlor, D. A., & Micali, N. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90644-2 · Cited by 13
Self-citationPCSK9 genetic variants and risk of vascular and non-vascular diseases in Chinese and UK populations
Holmes, M. V., Kartsonaki, C., Boxall, R., Lin, K., Reeve, N. F., Yu, C., Lv, J., Bennett, D., Hill, M., Yang, L., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae009 · Cited by 13
Self-citationWadström, B. N., Wulff, A. B., Pedersen, K. M., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2024) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvae222 · Cited by 12
Do Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins Equal Low-Density Lipoproteins in Risk of ASCVD?
Wadström, B. N., Wulff, A. B., Pedersen, K. M., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2023) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-023-01153-8 · Cited by 12
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9: an update on the cardiovascular outcome studies
Ferri, N., Greco, M. F., Corsini, A., & Ruscica, M. (2020) · European Heart Journal Supplements · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/suaa063 · Cited by 10
Luo, S., Lam, H. S., Chan, Y. H., Tang, C. S.-M., He, B., Kwok, M. K., Leung, G. M., Schooling, C. M., & Yeung, S. L. A. (2023) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-023-03115-y · Cited by 10
Baul, P. B., Deepak, A. D., Kakkar, M., & Modi, S. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.020 · Cited by 10
Statin Usage Increases White Matter Hyperintensities
Goldstein, E. D., Garg, G., Navarro, K., Wolcott, Z. C., Yaghi, S. R., Wong, K., McLean, K., & de Havenon, A. (2022) · The Neurologist · doi:10.1097/nrl.0000000000000448 · Cited by 8
Metabolic effects of PCSK9 inhibition with Evolocumab in subjects with elevated Lp(a)
Zhang, X., Stiekema, L. C. A., Stroes, E. S. G., & Groen, A. K. (2020) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01280-0 · Cited by 8
Nie, H., Zhao, W., Wang, Q., & Zhou, W. (2025) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaf001 · Cited by 7
Self-citationZhang, A. M. C., Ziogos, E., Harb, T., Gerstenblith, G., & Leucker, T. M. (2024) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.14272 · Cited by 7
Căținaș, R., & Hostiuc, S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26146818 · Cited by 5
Wadström, B. N., Pedersen, K. M., Wulff, A. B., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2024) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.70005 · Cited by 6
Nijssen, K. M. R., Chavez-Alfaro, M. A., Joris, P. J., Plat, J., & Mensink, R. P. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17010008 · Cited by 5
Ekholm, J., Ohukainen, P., Kangas, A. J., Kettunen, J., Wang, Q., Karsikas, M., Khan, A. A., Kingwell, B. A., Kähönen, M. A. P., Lehtimäki, T. J., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyz244 · Cited by 4
Self-citationLos, J., Broeders, W., Bahrar, H., Bulut, O. P., Bekkering, S., den Boeft, A., Sumpter, N. A., Cetinyurek‐Yavuz, A., Hol, I. H., Netea, M. G., et al. (2026) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.125.048092 · Cited by 4
Zhang, X., Rimbert, A., Balder, W., Zwinderman, A. H., Kuivenhoven, J. A., Dallinga‐Thie, G. M., & Groen, A. K. (2018) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m088930 · Cited by 3
Translational bioinformatics approach to combat cardiovascular disease and cancers
Shahjahan, Dey, J. K., & Dey, S. K. (2024) · Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology · doi:10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.11.006 · Cited by 3
Zhu, J., Chen, J.-H., Zuo, Y., Song, K., Liao, H.-Y., & Wu, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1421670 · Cited by 3
Karjalainen, M. K., Karthikeyan, S., Oliver‐Williams, C., Sliz, E., Allara, E., Surendran, P., Zhang, W., Jousilahti, P., Kristiansson, K., Salomaa, V. V., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.10.20.22281089 · Cited by 3
Self-citationYang, F., Xue, M., Han, X., Li, O., Kim, D., Lu, B., & Bao, Z. (2025) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-025-03149-7 · Cited by 2
Николаевич, Е. Н., Danilova, E. Y., Ломоносова, А. А., Kopylov, F. Y., Lebedeva, S. A., Tsakalof, A. K., & Nosyrev, A. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14010149 · Cited by 2
Can acetate via FFA receptors contribute to the diabetogenic effect of statins?
Levy, F. O., & Osnes, J. (2023) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-023-02647-7 · Cited by 2
Lipoprotein profile and metabolic fine-mapping of genetic lipid risk lociPreprint
Suhre, K., AL-Ishaq, R. K., Belkadi, A., Habib, T., Halama, A., Stephan, N., Thareja, G., Zaghlool, S. B., Fauman, E. B., & Najafi-Shoushtari, S. H. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.06.12.22276286 · Cited by 2
Matsuzaki, M., Kuwano, T., Tsudome, R., Maruo, T., Kawahira, Y., Shigemoto, E., Sugihara, M., & Miura, S. (2025) · Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics · doi:10.1007/s12928-025-01178-7 · Cited by 1
Luo, S., Ai, Y., Burgess, S., Yeung, S. L. A., & Ala‐Korpela, M. (2026) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2026.120815 · Cited by 1
Self-citationWesley, C. D., Thanigaimani, S., Khan, A., & Golledge, J. (2026) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.126.324982 · Cited by 1
Mäkelä, K. A., Jokelainen, J. J., Stenbäck, V., AUVINEN, J. P., Järvelin, M., Tulppo, M. P., Leppäluoto, J., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M., & Herzig, K. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10050994 · Cited by 1
Self-citationGenetic variation in apolipoprotein A-I concentrations and risk of coronary artery diseasePreprint
Karjalainen, M. K., Holmes, M. V., Wang, Q., Anufrieva, O., Kähönen, M. A. P., Lehtimäki, T. J., Havulinna, A. S., Kristiansson, K., Salomaa, V. V., Perola, M., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/576504 · Cited by 1
Self-citationPerrot, N., Moschetta, D., Boekholdt, S. M., Valerio, V., Martinsson, A., Capoulade, R., Mass, E., Clavel, M.-A. A., Wareham, N. J., Christian Dina, C., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/560458
Integration of Multi-Omics in Type 2 Diabetes and Related Disorders Research
Liu, J. (2020) · EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Bos, M. M., Goulding, N., Lee, M. A., Hofman, A., Bot, M., Pool, R., Vijfhuizen, L. S., Zhang, X., Li, C., Mustafa, R., et al. (2021) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.119
Self-citationLi, C., Jingxun, C. H. E. N., Wei, S., Zhang, M., Chu, Y., Meng, F., Wang, J., Tang, J., Luo, J., Yang, Y. C., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1229574/v1
Bos, M. M., Goulding, N., Lee, M. A., Hofman, A., Bot, M., Pool, R., Vijfhuizen, L. S., Zhang, X., Li, C., Mustafa, R., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14234926
Self-citationAdditional file 1 of A phenome-wide association study of genetically mimicked statins
Li, S., & Schooling, C. M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14880632
Luo, S., Lam, H. S., Chan, Y. H., Tang, C. S.-M., He, B., Kwok, M. K., Leung, G. M., Schooling, C. M., & Yeung, S. L. A. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24465040
Exploring metabolic changes in gout – Insights from a genetic studyPreprint
Salo, V., Kettunen, J., FinnGen, & Sliz, E. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.06.12.24308809
Self-citationAdditional file 1 of Low levels of small HDL particles predict but do not influence risk of sepsis
Hamilton, F., Pedersen, K. M., Ghazal, P., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Smith, G. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26624815
Øyri, L. K. L., Christensen, J. J., Sebert, S., Thoresen, M., Michelsen, T. M., Ulven, S. M., Brekke, H. K., Retterstøl, K., Brantsæter, A. L., Magnus, P. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22610717
Self-citationAdditional file 5 of Low levels of small HDL particles predict but do not influence risk of sepsis
Hamilton, F., Pedersen, K. M., Ghazal, P., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Smith, G. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26624827
Øyri, L. K. L., Christensen, J. J., Sebert, S., Thoresen, M., Michelsen, T. M., Ulven, S. M., Brekke, H. K., Retterstøl, K., Brantsæter, A. L., Magnus, P. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22610708
Self-citationAdditional file 3 of Low levels of small HDL particles predict but do not influence risk of sepsis
Hamilton, F., Pedersen, K. M., Ghazal, P., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Smith, G. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26624821
Øyri, L. K. L., Christensen, J. J., Sebert, S., Thoresen, M., Michelsen, T. M., Ulven, S. M., Brekke, H. K., Retterstøl, K., Brantsæter, A. L., Magnus, P. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22610711
Self-citationAdditional file 4 of Low levels of small HDL particles predict but do not influence risk of sepsis
Hamilton, F., Pedersen, K. M., Ghazal, P., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Smith, G. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26624824
Øyri, L. K. L., Christensen, J. J., Sebert, S., Thoresen, M., Michelsen, T. M., Ulven, S. M., Brekke, H. K., Retterstøl, K., Brantsæter, A. L., Magnus, P. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22610705
Self-citationAdditional file 2 of Low levels of small HDL particles predict but do not influence risk of sepsis
Hamilton, F., Pedersen, K. M., Ghazal, P., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Smith, G. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26624818
Øyri, L. K. L., Christensen, J. J., Sebert, S., Thoresen, M., Michelsen, T. M., Ulven, S. M., Brekke, H. K., Retterstøl, K., Brantsæter, A. L., Magnus, P. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22610723
Self-citationFung, E., Chan, E. Y. S., Ng, K. H., Yu, K. M., Li, H., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24277163
Øyri, L. K. L., Christensen, J. J., Sebert, S., Thoresen, M., Michelsen, T. M., Ulven, S. M., Brekke, H. K., Retterstøl, K., Brantsæter, A. L., Magnus, P. M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22610702
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Sliz, E., Kettunen, J., Holmes, M. V., Williams, C. O., Boachie, C., Wang, Q., Männikkö, M., Sebert, S., Walters, R., Lin, K., Millwood, I. Y., Clarke, R., Li, L., Rankin, N., Welsh, P., Delles, C., Jukema, J. W., Trompet, S., Ford, I., Perola, M., Salomaa, V., Järvelin, M.-R., Chen, Z., Lawlor, D. A., Ala-Korpela, M., Danesh, J., Davey Smith, G., Sattar, N., Butterworth, A., & Würtz, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Oulu (FI)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (GB)
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care (C.O.W., J.D., A.B.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AU)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- Oulu University Hospital (FI)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Center for Life Course Health Research (E.S., J.K., Q.W., S.S., M.-R.J., M.A.-K.), University of Oulu, Finland.
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (M.V.H., D.A.L., M.A.-K., G.D.S.), University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
- Corresponding author
- Würtz, Peter
- ORCID
- Sliz, Eeva
- Kettunen, Johannes
- Holmes, Michael V.
- Boachie, Charles
- Wang, Qin
- Männikkö, Minna
- Sebert, Sylvain
- Walters, Robin
- Millwood, Iona Y.
- Clarke, Robert
- Li, Liming
- Rankin, Naomi
- Welsh, Paul
- Delles, Christian
- Jukema, J. Wouter
- Trompet, Stella
- Ford, Ian
- Perola, Markus
- Salomaa, Veikko
- Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta
- Chen, Zhengming
- Lawlor, Debbie A.
- Danesh, John
- Sattar, Naveed
- Butterworth, Adam
- Würtz, Peter
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2018-11-27
- Volume
- 138
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 2499-2512
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- PMC
- PMC6254781
- OpenAlex
- W2789775146
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 11.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo (cc-by)
- Apollo
- Greater South Information System
- WOS
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Biogen
- Foundation for Cardiovascular Research
- Itä-Suomen Yliopisto
- Helsingin Yliopisto
- Wellcome Trust (139635, 2016YFC0900504, 212946/Z/18/Z, 202922, 102215/2/13/2), 104085, 81390544, 2016YFC0900501, 202922/Z/16/Z, 2016YFC 0900500, 733206, 088158/Z/09/Z, 102215, RE/13/1/30181, 104085/Z/14/Z, 088158, WT088806, 81390540, 2011BAI09B01, 81390541)
- Mylan
- Cancer Research UK (102215/2/13/2, 088158/Z/09/Z, 2016YFC0900501, 2016YFC0900500, 2016YFC0900504, 104085/Z/14/Z, 81390540, RE/13/1/30181, 202922/Z/16/Z)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0617-10113, NF-SI-0512-10165, WT088806)
- British Heart Foundation (104085/Z/14/Z, G0800270, RE/13/1/30181, SP/09/002, SP/07/008/24066, 088158/Z/09/Z, 2016YFC0900500, 2016YFC0900501, RG/13/13/30194, 81390540, 202922/Z/16/Z, FS/18/23/33512, 2016YFC0900504)
- Imperial College London (H2020)
- University of Oxford (RE/13/1/30181, 104085/Z/14/Z, 202922/Z/16/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z)
- European Commission (WT088806, 633595, 733206, H2020, 279233, 115372, 305507)
- University of Glasgow
- University of Bristol (102215/2/13/2)
- Universiteit Leiden
- Monash University
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (2016YFC0900504, 81390544, 2016YFC0900500, 104085/Z/14/Z, 81390541, 202922/Z/16/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z, 2016YFC0900501, 81390540, 2011BAI09B01)
- Academy of Finland (285547, 633595)
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (202922/Z/16/Z, 2011BAI09B01, 088158/Z/09/Z, 81390544, 81390541, 2016YFC0900501, 2016YFC 0900500, 2016YFC0900504, 81390540, 104085/Z/14/Z)
- Novo Nordisk
- State Government of Victoria
- Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford (RE/13/1/30 181)
- Sydäntutkimussäätiö (633595)
- Oulun Yliopisto
- Tutkijakoulu, Oulun Yliopiston
- Tartu Ülikool
- Peking University
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF17OC0026062, NNF17OC0027034)
- Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (733,206, 633595)
- Medical Research Council (MC_PC_13049, 102215, MR/N005813/1, WT088806, 2016YFC0900500, 13/1/30181, MC_PC_12026, RE/13/1/30181, 104085/Z/14/Z, SP/09/002, 088158/Z/09/Z, 2016YFC0900501, 202922/Z/16/Z, 633595, 102215/2/13/2, G0800270, 2016YFC0900504, MC_UU_00011/1, MC_PC_14135, 81390540, MR/L003120/1)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (088158/Z/09/Z, 2016YFC0900500, 202922/Z/16/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z, 81390544, 2016YFC0900501, 81390541, 81390540, 2011BAI09B01, 2016 YFC0900504)
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London
- Biocenter, University of Oulu
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (268834)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Keywords
- PCSK9 inhibitors, statins, LDL cholesterol lowering, VLDL cholesterol, lipoprotein lipid composition, fatty acids, amino acids, glycated proteins, cardiovascular risk, PROSPER trial
- MeSH terms
- Proprotein Convertase 9, PCSK9 Inhibitors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amino Acids, Cardiovascular Diseases, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Cholesterol, VLDL, Placebo Effect, Pravastatin, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Metabolomics, Mendelian Randomization Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
