Cohort Profile: The ‘Children of the 90s’—the index offspring of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Open accessAbstract
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a transgenerational prospective observational study investigating influences on health and development across the life course. It considers multiple genetic, epigenetic, biological, psychological, social and other environmental exposures in relation to a similarly diverse range of health, social and developmental outcomes. Recruitment sought to enroll pregnant women in the Bristol area of the UK during 1990-92; this was extended to include additional children eligible using the original enrollment definition up to the age of 18 years. The children from 14541 pregnancies were recruited in 1990-92, increasing to 15247 pregnancies by the age of 18 years. This cohort profile describes the index children of these pregnancies. Follow-up includes 59 questionnaires (4 weeks-18 years of age) and 9 clinical assessment visits (7-17 years of age). The resource comprises a wide range of phenotypic and environmental measures in addition to biological samples, genetic (DNA on 11343 children, genome-wide data on 8365 children, complete genome sequencing on 2000 children) and epigenetic (methylation sampling on 1000 children) information and linkage to health and administrative records. Data access is described in this article and is currently set up as a supported access resource. To date, over 700 peer-reviewed articles have been published using ALSPAC data.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
ALSPAC is a birth cohort of 14,062 live births from women living in the former Avon County, southwest England, with expected delivery dates between April 1991 and December 1992.
“The ALSPAC birth cohort follows children of 14 062 live births from women living in (the former) Avon County, a geographically defined region in southwest England, with expected dates of delivery between April 1991 and December 1992 (http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac).30”
From Variant connective tissue (joint hypermobility) and its relevance to depression and anxiety in adolescents: a cohort-based case–control study (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
In “Who is in the cohort?”, the paper confirms the Avon-area residence criterion and estimated delivery dates of 1 April 1991 to 31 December 1992. Its “ALSPAC recruitment rates” section reports 14,062 live-born children from pregnancies recruited antenatally, but says later recruitment brought the enrolled total to 14,775 live-born children. The claim does not qualify 14,062 as the initial recruitment group. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWe tried to identify outcomes in the ALSPAC cohort that would be affected by confounders important in the relation of breastfeeding to later offspring outcomes but for which a biological/causal effect of breastfeeding was unlikely.
“We tried to identify outcomes in the ALSPAC cohort67,68 that would be affected by confounders that are important in the relation of breastfeeding to later offspring outcomes but for which a biological/causal effect of breastfeeding was unlikely”
From Triangulation in aetiological epidemiology (2017) · cites this paper as [67]
Individual participant data from the large UK Biobank and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children are available to researchers globally at modest cost.
“For example, individual participant data from the large UK Biobank (which currently has genotypic, phenotypic and clinical data in up to 500 000 adults76) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (with very detailed data across three generations across their life course67,68) are available to researchers globally at modest cost”
From Triangulation in aetiological epidemiology (2017) · cites this paper as [67]
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based birth cohort study that recruited 14 541 pregnant women resident in Avon, UK, with expected dates of delivery 1 April 1991 to 31 December 1992.
“The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based birth cohort study that recruited 14 541 pregnant women resident in Avon, UK, with expected dates of delivery 1 April 1991 to 31 December 1992.26,27”
From A structured approach to hypotheses involving continuous exposures over the life course (2016) · cites this paper as [27]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Frayling, T. M., Timpson, N. J., Weedon, M. N., Zeggini, E., Freathy, R. M., Lindgren, C. M., Perry, J. R. B., Elliott, K. S., Lango, H., Rayner, N. W., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1141634 · Cited by 4,531 · see citing works
Self-citationCohort Profile: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: ALSPAC mothers cohort
Fraser, A., Macdonald-Wallis, C., Tilling, K., Boyd, A., Golding, J., Davey Smith, G., Henderson, J., Macleod, J., Molloy, L., Ness, A., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dys066 · Cited by 2,494 · see citing works
Self-citationMarmot, M. G., Allen, J., Goldblatt, P., Boyce, T., McNeish, D., Grady, M., & Geddes, I. (2010) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1,404 · see citing works
Hibbeln, J. R., Davis, J. M., Steer, C., Emmett, P., Rogers, I., Williams, C., & Golding, J. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60277-3 · Cited by 987 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors Associated with the Development of Peanut Allergy in Childhood
Lack, G., Fox, D., Northstone, K., & Golding, J. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa013536 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
Self-citationFraser, A., Tilling, K., Macdonald-Wallis, C., Sattar, N., Brion, M.-J., Benfield, L., Ness, A., Deanfield, J., Hingorani, A., Nelson, S. M., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.906081 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Self-citationMattocks, C., Ness, A., Leary, S. D., Tilling, K. M., Blair, S. N., Hamilton-Shield, J. P., Deere, K. C., Saunders, J., Kirkby, J., Smith, G. D., et al. (2008) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.5.s1.s98 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Self-citationAre sibling relationships protective? A longitudinal study
Gass, K., Jenkins, J. M., & Dunn, J. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01699.x · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Henderson, J., Northstone, K., Lee, S. P., Liao, H., Zhao, Y., Pembrey, M. E., Mukhopadhyay, S., Smith, G. D., Palmer, C. N. A., McLean, W. H. I., et al. (2008) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.01.026 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Self-citationFish Intake During Pregnancy and Early Cognitive Development of Offspring
Daniels, J. L., Longnecker, M. P., Rowland, A. S., & Golding, J. (2004) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000129514.46451.ce · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Self-citationThe fat mass–and obesity-associated locus and dietary intake in children
Timpson, N. J., Emmett, P. M., Frayling, T. M., Rogers, I., Hattersley, A. T., McCarthy, M. I., & Smith, G. D. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/88.4.971 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Mothers' anxiety during pregnancy is associated with asthma in their children
Cookson, H., Granell, R., Joinson, C. J., Ben‐Shlomo, Y., & Henderson, A. J. (2009) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.01.042 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Relton, C. L., & Davey Smith, G. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000356 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Self-citationField, F. (2010) · Digital Education Resource Archive (University College London) · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Williams, C., Birch, E. E., Emmett, P. M., & Northstone, K. (2001) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/73.2.316 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Paracetamol use in pregnancy and wheezing in early childhood
Shaheen, S. O. (2002) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thorax.57.11.958 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Prenatal paracetamol exposure and risk of asthma and elevated immunoglobulin E in childhood
Shaheen, S. O., Newson, R. B., Henderson, A. J., Headley, J. E., Stratton, F. D., Jones, R. W., Strachan, D. P., & the ALSPAC Study Team (2005) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02151.x · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Sherriff, A. (2004) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2004.021154 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Brion, M., Leary, S. D., Lawlor, D. A., Smith, G. D., & Ness, A. (2008) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e31816fdbd3 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationSherriff, A. (2002) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.87.1.26 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
How Does Body Fat Influence Bone Mass in Childhood? A Mendelian Randomization Approach
Timpson, N. J., Sayers, A. E., Smith, G. D., & Tobias, J. H. (2008) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.081109 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Clark, E., Ness, A., & Tobias, J. H. (2007) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.071010 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationDewey, C., Fleming, P., Golding, J., et al. (1998) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.101.1.e5 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationBrion, M., Leary, S. D., Smith, G. D., & Ness, A. (2007) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.106.085316 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationHousehold chemicals, persistent wheezing and lung function: effect modification by atopy?
Henderson, A. J., Sherriff, A., Farrow, A., & Ayres, J. G. (2007) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00086807 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Traits contributing to the autistic spectrum
Steer, C. D., Golding, J., & Bolton, P. F. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012633 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationEuropean Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC)
Golding, J. (1989) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1989.tb00533.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationFat Mass Exerts a Greater Effect on Cortical Bone Mass in Girls than Boys
Sayers, A. E., & Tobias, J. H. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1907 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Hunt, L. P., Fleming, P., Golding, J., et al. (1997) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.100.1.e11 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationMaternal diet in pregnancy and offspring blood pressure
Leary, S. D. (2005) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2004.070698 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Khakoo, A., & Lack, G. (2004) · Current Allergy and Asthma Reports · doi:10.1007/s11882-004-0041-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Roberts, R. J., Leary, S. D., Smith, G. D., Ness, A., & and The ALSPAC Study Team (2005) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001915 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationWilliams, C., Harrad, R. A., Harvey, I. M., Frankel, S., & Golding, J. (1996) · Ophthalmic Epidemiology · doi:10.3109/09286589609080111 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationGolding, J. (2010) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2009.178954 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationPoster Presentations Part I (pp. 173–190)
(2009) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000248283 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [5]Boyd A Golding J Macleod JAA Using linkage to health and social administrative records to quantify the response rate to initial recruitment in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and assess possible bias associated with non-response (Abstract) Scottish Health Informatics Programme (SHIP) Bi-annual Conference 2011 UK St. Andrews
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bowden, J., Davey Smith, G., & Burgess, S. (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyv080 · Cited by 9,816 · see citing works
Cohort Profile: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: ALSPAC mothers cohort
Fraser, A., Macdonald-Wallis, C., Tilling, K., Boyd, A., Golding, J., Davey Smith, G., Henderson, J., Macleod, J., Molloy, L., Ness, A., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dys066 · Cited by 2,494 · see citing works
Self-citationThe UK10K project identifies rare variants in health and disease
The UK10K Consortium, Writing group, Walter, K., Min, J. L., Huang, J., Crooks, L., Memari, Y., McCarthy, S., Perry, J. R. B., Xu, C., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14962 · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
Self-citationTriangulation in aetiological epidemiology
Lawlor, D. A., Tilling, K., & Davey Smith, G. (2017) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyw314 · Cited by 1,129 · see citing works
Self-citationCollider scope: when selection bias can substantially influence observed associations
Munafò, M. R., Tilling, K., Taylor, A. E., Evans, D. M., & Davey Smith, G. (2018) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyx206 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Self-citationDNA methylation in newborns and maternal smoking in pregnancy: genome-wide consortium meta-analysis
Joubert, B. R., Felix, J. F., Yousefi, P., Bakulski, K. M., Just, A. C., Breton, C., Reese, S. E., Markunas, C. A., Richmond, R. C., Xu, C.-J., et al. (2016) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.02.019 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
Polygenic Prediction of Weight and Obesity Trajectories from Birth to Adulthood
Khera, A. V., Chaffin, M., Wade, K. H., Zahid, S., Brancale, J., Xia, R., Distefano, M., Senol-Cosar, O., Haas, M. E., Bick, A., et al. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.028 · Cited by 789 · see citing works
Zheng, J., Haberland, V., Baird, D., Walker, V., Haycock, P., Hurle, M., Gutteridge, A., Erola, P., Liu, Y., Luo, S., et al. (2019) · doi:10.1101/627398 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Self-citationHolmes, M. V., Dale, C. E., Zuccolo, L., Silverwood, R. J., Guo, Y., Ye, Z., Prieto-Merino, D., Dehghan, A., Trompet, S., Wong, A., et al. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g4164 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Self-citation23andMe Research Team, Walters, R. K., Polimanti, R., Johnson, E. C., McClintick, J. N., Adams, M. J., Adkins, A. E., Aliev, F., Bacanu, S.-A., Batzler, A., et al. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0275-1 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Association of persistent and severe postnatal depression with child outcomes
Netsi, E., Pearson, R. M., Murray, L., Cooper, P., Craske, M. G., & Stein, A. (2018) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4363 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height
Marouli, E., Graff, M., Medina-Gomez, C., Lo, K. S., Wood, A. R., Kjaer, T. R., Fine, R. S., Lu, Y., Schurmann, C., Highland, H. M., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21039 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Mars, B., Heron, J., Klonsky, E. D., Moran, P., O'Connor, R. C., Tilling, K., Wilkinson, P., & Gunnell, D. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30030-6 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
The atopic march and atopic multimorbidity: many trajectories, many pathways
Paller, A. S., Spergel, J. M., Mina-Osorio, P., & Irvine, A. D. (2019) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.006 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Genetic risk for autism spectrum disorders and neuropsychiatric variation in the general population
iPSYCH-SSI-Broad Autism Group, Robinson, E. B., St Pourcain, B., Anttila, V., Kosmicki, J. A., Bulik-Sullivan, B., Grove, J., Maller, J., Samocha, K. E., Sanders, S. J., et al. (2016) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3529 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Richmond, R. C., Simpkin, A. J., Woodward, G., Gaunt, T. R., Lyttleton, O., McArdle, W. L., Ring, S. M., Smith, A. D. A. C., Timpson, N. J., Tilling, K., et al. (2015) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu739 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Self-citationZammit, S., Kounali, D., Cannon, M., David, A. S., Gunnell, D., Heron, J., Jones, P. B., Lewis, S., Sullivan, S., Wolke, D., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12060768 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Patalay, P., & Gage, S. H. (2019) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyz006 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Pembrey, M., Saffery, R., Bygren, L. O., & Network in Epigenetic Epidemiology (2014) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102577 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Can the impact of childhood adiposity on disease risk be reversed? A Mendelian randomization study.
Richardson, T. G., Sanderson, E., Elsworth, B., Tilling, K., & Davey Smith, G. (2019) · doi:10.1101/19008011 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Self-citationDunn, E. C., Soare, T. W., Zhu, Y., Simpkin, A. J., Suderman, M. J., Klengel, T., Smith, A. D. A. C., Ressler, K. J., & Relton, C. L. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.12.023 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Clinical and social outcomes of adolescent self harm: population based birth cohort study
Mars, B., Heron, J., Crane, C., Hawton, K., Lewis, G., Macleod, J., Tilling, K., & Gunnell, D. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g5954 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Self-citationMicali, N., Martini, M. G., Thomas, J. J., Eddy, K. T., Kothari, R., Russell, E., Bulik, C. M., & Treasure, J. (2017) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0766-4 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Parental Advisory: Maternal and Paternal Stress Can Impact Offspring Neurodevelopment
Chan, J. C., Nugent, B. M., & Bale, T. L. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.005 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Simpkin, A. J., Hemani, G., Suderman, M., Gaunt, T. R., Lyttleton, O., Mcardle, W. L., Ring, S. M., Sharp, G. C., Tilling, K., Horvath, S., et al. (2016) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddv456 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Self-citationCousminer, D. L., Berry, D. J., Timpson, N. J., Ang, W., Thiering, E., Byrne, E. M., Taal, H. R., Huikari, V., Bradfield, J. P., Kerkhof, M., et al. (2013) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt104 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationFerreira, M. A. R., Matheson, M. C., Tang, C. S., Granell, R., Ang, W., Hui, J., Kiefer, A. K., Duffy, D. L., Baltic, S., Danoy, P., et al. (2014) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.030 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
“The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Their Children (ALSPAC) is based on a longitudinal population-based birth cohort recruited through pregnant women residing in Avon, United Kingdom, with an expected delivery date between April 1, 1991, and December 31, 1992.(25) Fourteen thousand five hundred forty-one pregna…”
BackgroundMinimum sample size for external validation of a clinical prediction model with a continuous outcome
Archer, L., Snell, K. I. E., Ensor, J., Hudda, M. T., Collins, G. S., & Riley, R. D. (2021) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.8766 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Validity of the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire in late adolescence
Turner, N., Joinson, C., Peters, T. J., Wiles, N., & Lewis, G. (2014) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0036572 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Wren, Y., Miller, L. L., Peters, T. J., Emond, A., & Roulstone, S. (2016) · Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2015_jslhr-s-14-0282 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Taylor, A. E., Jones, H. J., Sallis, H., Euesden, J., Stergiakouli, E., Davies, N. M., Zammit, S., Lawlor, D. A., Munafò, M. R., Davey Smith, G., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyy060 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep patterns in children with autistic spectrum disorders: a prospective cohort study
Humphreys, J. S., Gringras, P., Blair, P. S., Scott, N., Henderson, J., Fleming, P. J., & Emond, A. M. (2014) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-304083 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citationMartin, J., Hamshere, M. L., Stergiakouli, E., O’Donovan, M. C., & Thapar, A. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.013 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Mars, B., Heron, J., Klonsky, E. D., Moran, P., O'Connor, R. C., Tilling, K., Wilkinson, P., & Gunnell, D. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12878 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Mulder, R. H., Neumann, A., Cecil, C. A. M., Walton, E., Houtepen, L. C., Simpkin, A. J., Rijlaarsdam, J., Heijmans, B. T., Gaunt, T. R., Felix, J. F., et al. (2021) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddaa280 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Metabolomic Profiling of Statin Use and Genetic Inhibition of HMG-CoA Reductase
Würtz, P., Wang, Q., Soininen, P., Kangas, A. J., Fatemifar, G., Tynkkynen, T., Tiainen, M., Perola, M., Tillin, T., Hughes, A. D., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.12.060 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, K. W. K., Richmond, R., Hu, P., French, L., Shin, J., Bourdon, C., Reischl, E., Waldenberger, M., Zeilinger, S., Gaunt, T., et al. (2015) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1408614 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of autistic traits with depression from childhood to age 18 years
Rai, D., Culpin, I., Heuvelman, H., Magnusson, C. M. K., Carpenter, P., Jones, H. J., Emond, A. M., Zammit, S., Golding, J., & Pearson, R. M. (2018) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1323 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Identification of atopic dermatitis subgroups in children from 2 longitudinal birth cohorts
Paternoster, L., Savenije, O. E. M., Heron, J., Evans, D. M., Vonk, J. M., Brunekreef, B., Wijga, A. H., Henderson, A. J., Koppelman, G. H., & Brown, S. J. (2018) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.044 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Booth, J. N., Leary, S. D., Joinson, C., Ness, A. R., Tomporowski, P. D., Boyle, J. M., & Reilly, J. J. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092334 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citationDunn, E. C., Soare, T. W., Raffeld, M. R., Busso, D. S., Crawford, K. M., Davis, K. A., Fisher, V. A., Slopen, N., Smith, A. D. A. C., Tiemeier, H., et al. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000181 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Richmond, R. C., Davey Smith, G., Ness, A. R., den Hoed, M., McMahon, G., & Timpson, N. J. (2014) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001618 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationOrchard, F., Gregory, A. M., Gradisar, M., & Reynolds, S. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13288 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Rice, F., Riglin, L., Thapar, A. K., Heron, J., Anney, R., O’Donovan, M. C., & Thapar, A. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3338 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The <scp>O</scp>dense <scp>C</scp>hild <scp>C</scp>ohort: Aims, Design, and Cohort Profile
Kyhl, H. B., Jensen, T. K., Barington, T., Buhl, S., Norberg, L. A., Jørgensen, J. S., Jensen, D. F. G., Christesen, H. T., Lamont, R. F., & Husby, S. (2015) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12183 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Riglin, L., Collishaw, S., Thapar, A. K., Dalsgaard, S., Langley, K., Smith, G. D., Stergiakouli, E., Maughan, B., O’Donovan, M. C., & Thapar, A. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2817 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Insights into the genetic architecture of the human face
White, J. D., Indencleef, K., Naqvi, S., Eller, R. J., Hoskens, H., Roosenboom, J., Lee, M. K., Li, J., Mohammed, J., Richmond, S., et al. (2021) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-020-00741-7 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Paternal depression in the postnatal period and child development: mediators and moderators
Gutierrez-Galve, L., Stein, A., Hanington, L., Heron, J., & Ramchandani, P. (2015) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2411 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Is screen time associated with anxiety or depression in young people? Results from a UK birth cohort
Khouja, J. N., Munafò, M. R., Tilling, K., Wiles, N. J., Joinson, C., Etchells, P. J., John, A., Hayes, F. M., Gage, S. H., & Cornish, R. P. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6321-9 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Course of Cognitive Development From Infancy to Early Adulthood in the Psychosis Spectrum
Mollon, J., David, A. S., Zammit, S., Lewis, G., & Reichenberg, A. (2018) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4327 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Mood, anxiety and psychotic phenomena measure a common psychopathological factor
Stochl, J., Khandaker, G. M., Lewis, G., Perez, J., Goodyer, I. M., Zammit, S., Sullivan, S., Croudace, T. J., & Jones, P. B. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171400261x · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Maud, C., Ryan, J., McIntosh, J. E., & Olsson, C. A. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1740-9 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Adolescent self-harm and suicidal thoughts in the ALSPAC cohort: a self-report survey in England
Kidger, J., Heron, J., Lewis, G., Evans, J., & Gunnell, D. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-69 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Tobias, J. H., Deere, K., Palmer, S., Clark, E. M., & Clinch, J. (2013) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.37836 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Cross-cohort change in adolescent outcomes for children with mental health problems
Sellers, R., Warne, N., Pickles, A., Maughan, B., Thapar, A., & Collishaw, S. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13029 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The many weak instruments problem and Mendelian randomization
Davies, N. M., von Hinke Kessler Scholder, S., Farbmacher, H., Burgess, S., Windmeijer, F., & Smith, G. D. (2015) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.6358 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Metabolic characterization of menopause: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence
Wang, Q., Ferreira, D. L. S., Nelson, S. M., Sattar, N., Ala-Korpela, M., & Lawlor, D. A. (2018) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1008-8 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationiPSYCH-SSI-Broad Autism Group, St Pourcain, B., Robinson, E. B., Anttila, V, Sullivan, B. B., Maller, J., Golding, J., Skuse, D., Ring, S., Evans, D. M., et al. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.198 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationDNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life health outcomes in offspring
Wiklund, P., Karhunen, V., Richmond, R. C., Parmar, P., Rodriguez, A., De Silva, M., Wielscher, M., Rezwan, F. I., Richardson, T. G., Veijola, J., et al. (2019) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-019-0683-4 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Lawlor, D. A. (2013) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dys209 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationThe development of autistic social traits across childhood and adolescence in males and females
Mandy, W., Pellicano, L., St Pourcain, B., Skuse, D., & Heron, J. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12913 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Fraser, A., Nelson, S. M., Macdonald-Wallis, C., & Lawlor, D. A. (2012) · Experimental Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2012/963735 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabolomic Consequences of Genetic Inhibition of PCSK9 Compared With Statin Treatment
Sliz, E., Kettunen, J., Holmes, M. V., Williams, C. O., Boachie, C., Wang, Q., Männikkö, M., Sebert, S., Walters, R., Lin, K., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.118.034942 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationSchoeler, T., Choi, S. W., Dudbridge, F., Baldwin, J., Duncan, L., Cecil, C. M., Walton, E., Viding, E., McCrory, E., & Pingault, J.-B. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0310 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Kern, C., Wan, J., LeWinn, K. Z., Ramirez, F. D., Lee, Y., McCulloch, C. E., Langan, S. M., & Abuabara, K. (2021) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.2657 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Rijlaarsdam, J., Pappa, I., Walton, E., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Mileva-Seitz, V. R., Rippe, R. C. A., Roza, S. J., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Verhulst, F. C., Felix, J. F., et al. (2016) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2016.1145329 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Bias in Mendelian randomization due to assortative mating
Hartwig, F. P., Davies, N. M., & Davey Smith, G. (2018) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.22138 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Cecil, C. A. M., Walton, E., Smith, R. G., Viding, E., McCrory, E. J., Relton, C. L., Suderman, M., Pingault, J.-B., McArdle, W., Gaunt, T. R., et al. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.247 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Social and non-social autism symptoms and trait domains are genetically dissociable
Warrier, V., Toro, R., Won, H., Leblond, C. S., Cliquet, F., Delorme, R., De Witte, W., Bralten, J., Chakrabarti, B., Børglum, A. D., et al. (2019) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0558-4 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Novel genetic loci affecting facial shape variation in humans
Xiong, Z., Dankova, G., Howe, L. J., Lee, M. K., Hysi, P. G., de Jong, M. A., Zhu, G., Adhikari, K., Li, D., Li, Y., et al. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.49898 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Opportunities and Challenges for Molecular Understanding of Ciliopathies–The 100,000 Genomes Project
Wheway, G., Genomics England Research Consortium, & Mitchison, H. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00127 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Using data linkage to investigate inconsistent reporting of self-harm and questionnaire non-response
Mars, B., Cornish, R., Heron, J., Boyd, A., Crane, C., Hawton, K., Lewis, G., Tilling, K., Macleod, J., & Gunnell, D. (2016) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2015.1033121 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationStergiakouli, E., Davey Smith, G., Martin, J., Skuse, D. H., Viechtbauer, W., Ring, S. M., Ronald, A., Evans, D. E., Fisher, S. E., Thapar, A., et al. (2017) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-017-0131-2 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationGage, S. H., Hickman, M., Heron, J., Munafò, M. R., Lewis, G., Macleod, J., & Zammit, S. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714000531 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationStergiakouli, E., Martin, J., Hamshere, M. L., Langley, K., Evans, D. M., St Pourcain, B., Timpson, N. J., Owen, M. J., O'Donovan, M., Thapar, A., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2015.01.010 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Stergiakouli, E., Gaillard, R., Tavaré, J. M., Balthasar, N., Loos, R. J., Taal, H. R., Evans, D. M., Rivadeneira, F., St Pourcain, B., Uitterlinden, A. G., et al. (2014) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20840 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationCurtin, P., Austin, C., Curtin, A., Gennings, C., Arora, M., (for the Emergent Dynamical Systems Group), Tammimies, K., Willfors, C., Berggren, S., Siper, P., et al. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat1293 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Rodgers, A. B., & Bale, T. L. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.018 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Gage, S. H., Hickman, M., Heron, J., Munafò, M. R., Lewis, G., Macleod, J., & Zammit, S. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122896 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationAnxiety disorder symptoms at age 10 predict eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses in adolescence
Schaumberg, K., Zerwas, S., Goodman, E., Yilmaz, Z., Bulik, C. M., & Micali, N. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12984 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Gutierrez-Galve, L., Stein, A., Hanington, L., Heron, J., Lewis, G., O’Farrelly, C., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3667 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Grand-maternal smoking in pregnancy and grandchild’s autistic traits and diagnosed autism
Golding, J., Ellis, G., Gregory, S., Birmingham, K., Iles-Caven, Y., Rai, D., & Pembrey, M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep46179 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationChildhood Parasomnias and Psychotic Experiences at Age 12 Years in a United Kingdom Birth Cohort
Fisher, H. L., Lereya, S. T., Thompson, A., Lewis, G., Zammit, S., & Wolke, D. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.3478 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Pyle, A., Hudson, G., Wilson, I. J., Coxhead, J., Smertenko, T., Herbert, M., Santibanez-Koref, M., & Chinnery, P. F. (2015) · PLOS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005040 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Sleep problems in childhood and borderline personality disorder symptoms in early adolescence
Lereya, S. T., Winsper, C., Tang, N. K. Y., & Wolke, D. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0158-4 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Gambling in Children and Adolescents
Emond, A. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/ldaa027 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Do grandmaternal smoking patterns influence the etiology of childhood asthma?
Miller, L. L., Henderson, J., Northstone, K., Pembrey, M., & Golding, J. (2014) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.13-1371 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationInvestigating the genetic architecture of general and specific psychopathology in adolescence
Jones, H. J., Heron, J., Hammerton, G., Stochl, J., Jones, P. B., Cannon, M., Smith, G. D., Holmans, P., Lewis, G., Linden, D. E. J., et al. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0204-9 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Winsper, C., Bilgin, A., & Wolke, D. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13125 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Khandaker, G. M., Zammit, S., Lewis, G., & Jones, P. B. (2016) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.02.003 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Martin, J., Taylor, M. J., Rydell, M., Riglin, L., Eyre, O., Lu, Y., Lundström, S., Larsson, H., Thapar, A., & Lichtenstein, P. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12874 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Effect of Early Adversity and Childhood Internalizing Symptoms on Brain Structure in Young Men
Jensen, S. K. G., Dickie, E. W., Schwartz, D. H., Evans, C. J., Dumontheil, I., Paus, T., & Barker, E. D. (2015) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1486 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Edwards, A. C., Heron, J., Dick, D. M., Hickman, M., Lewis, G., Macleod, J., & Kendler, K. S. (2014) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2014.75.758 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationSrinivasan, R., Pearson, R. M., Johnson, S., Lewis, G., & Lewis, G. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30132-2 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Childhood sleep disturbance and risk of psychotic experiences at 18: UK birth cohort
Thompson, A., Lereya, S. T., Lewis, G., Zammit, S., Fisher, H. L., & Wolke, D. (2015) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.144089 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Maternal serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances and birth size in British boys
Marks, K. J., Cutler, A. J., Jeddy, Z., Northstone, K., Kato, K., & Hartman, T. J. (2019) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.03.008 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
A structured approach to hypotheses involving continuous exposures over the life course
Smith, A. D. A. C., Hardy, R., Heron, J., Joinson, C. J., Lawlor, D. A., Macdonald-Wallis, C., & Tilling, K. (2016) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyw164 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationChildhood IQ and risk of bipolar disorder in adulthood: prospective birth cohort study
Smith, D. J., Anderson, J., Zammit, S., Meyer, T. D., Pell, J. P., & Mackay, D. (2015) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.000455 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Taylor, P. N., Richmond, R., Davies, N., Sayers, A., Stevenson, K., Woltersdorf, W., Taylor, A., Groom, A., Northstone, K., Ring, S., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3505 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychotic Experiences and Working Memory: A Population-Based Study Using Signal-Detection Analysis
Rossi, R., Zammit, S., Button, K. S., Munafò, M. R., Lewis, G., & David, A. S. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153148 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
- Authors
- Boyd, A., Golding, J., Macleod, J., Lawlor, D. A., Fraser, A., Henderson, J., Molloy, L., Ness, A., Ring, S., & Davey Smith, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Boyd, Andy
- Venue
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-04-16
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 111-127
- ISSN
- 0300-5771 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3685
- PMC
- PMC3600618
- OpenAlex
- W2123263006
- Cited by
- 2,996
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 158 · 2025: 242 · 2024: 243 · 2023: 253 · 2022: 280 · 2021: 344 · 2020: 257 · 2019: 243 · 2018: 216 · 2017: 162 · 2016: 157 · 2015: 143 · 2014: 150 · 2013: 126 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 122.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- International Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (acceptedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (WT086118, WT086118/Z/08/Z, G0600705, G0701594, 092731, WT092731, 86118/Z/08/Z)
- University of Bristol (G0600705)
- Medical Research Council (G0701594, G0600705)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G007543/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, birth cohort, child development, health outcomes, epigenetics, DNA methylation, genome-wide data, genome sequencing, life course, data access
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anthropometry, Blood Banks, Child, Child Development, England, Environment, Female, Health Status, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Medical Record Linkage, Parents, Phenotype, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behavior, History, 20th Century, Genome-Wide Association Study
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
