Cited by 1,281Acute Ischemic Stroke ManagementCerebrovascular and Carotid Artery DiseasesIntracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes According to TOAST Criteria: Incidence, Recurrence, and Long-Term Survival in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: A Population-Based Study

Kolominsky-Rabas, Peter L., Weber, Margarete, Gefeller, Olaf, Neundoerfer, Bernhard, Heuschmann, Peter U.·2001·Stroke

DOI 10.1161/hs1201.100209

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background and Purpose — The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival rates of ischemic stroke subtypes by a mechanism-based classification scheme (Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment, or TOAST). Methods — We identified all 583 residents of the city of Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany, with a first ischemic stroke between 1994 and 1998. Multiple overlapping sources of information were used to ensure completeness of case ascertainment. The cause of ischemic stroke was classified according to the TOAST criteria. Patients were followed up at 3 months and 1 and 2 years after stroke onset. Results — The age-standardized incidence rates for the European population (per 100 000) regarding ischemic stroke subtypes were as follows: cardioembolism, 30.2 (95% CI 25.6 to 35.7); small-artery occlusion, 25.8 (95% CI 21.5 to 30.9); and large-artery atherosclerosis, 15.3 (95% CI 12 to 19.3). When age-adjusted to the European population, the incidence rate for large-artery atherosclerosis was more than twice as high for men than for women (23.6/100 000 versus 9.2/100 000). Two years after onset, patients in the small-artery occlusion subgroup were 3 times more likely to be alive than those with cardioembolism. Ischemic stroke subtype according to the TOAST criteria was a significant predictor for long-term survival, whereas subtype was not a significant predictor of long-term recurrence up to 2 years, both before and after adjustment for age and sex. Conclusions — Epidemiological observational studies that possess wide access to appropriate diagnostic technologies and apply standardized etiologic classifications provide a much better understanding of underlying risk factors for initial stroke, recurrence, and mortality.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1161/hs1201.100209

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment.
Adams, H. P., Bendixen, B. H., Kappelle, L. J., Biller, J., Love, B. B., Gordon, D., & Marsh, E. E. (1993) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.24.1.35 · Cited by 12,350
Epidemiology of stroke
Bonita, R. (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)91658-u · Cited by 993
Ischemic Stroke Subtypes
Petty, G. W., Brown, R. D., Whisnant, J. P., Sicks, J. D., O’Fallon, W. M., & Wiebers, D. O. (1999) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.30.12.2513 · Cited by 729
Ischemic Stroke Subtypes
Petty, G. W., Brown, R. D., Whisnant, J. P., Sicks, J. D., O’Fallon, W. M., & Wiebers, D. O. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.5.1062 · Cited by 712
Stroke incidence, prevalence, and survival: secular trends in Rochester, Minnesota, through 1989.
Brown, R. D., Whisnant, J. P., Sicks, J. D., O’Fallon, W. M., & Wiebers, D. O. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 639
Predictors of mortality and recurrence after hospitalized cerebral infarction in an urban community
Sacco, R. L., Shi, T., Zamanillo, M. C., & Kargman, D. E. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.4.626 · Cited by 471
A prospective study of acute cerebrovascular disease in the community: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project 1981-86. 1. Methodology, demography and incident cases of first-ever stroke.
Bamford, J., Sandercock, P. A., Dennis, M. S., Warlow, C., Jones, L., McPherson, K., Vessey, M. P., Fowler, G., Molyneux, A., & Hughes, T. (1988) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.51.11.1373 · Cited by 469
World Health Statistics Quarterly 1993.
(1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533484 · Cited by 468
Comparing Stroke Incidence Worldwide: What Makes Studies Comparable?
Sudlow, C. L. M., & Warlow, C. P. (1996) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.27.3.550 · Cited by 451
Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Ischemic Stroke Risk
Sacco, R. L., Gan, R., Boden-Albala, B. M., Lin, I., Kargman, D. E., Hauser, W. A., Shea, S., & Paik, M. C. (1998) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.29.2.380 · Cited by 389

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 28 references

Research works printed but not linked: 14

10.1161/str.27.3.550 · DOI
10.1161/str.31.9.2074 · DOI
10.1161/str.30.2.363 · DOI
10.1161/str.29.12.2501 · DOI
10.1161/str.28.12.2500 · DOI
10.1161/str.26.6.924 · DOI
10.1161/str.25.3.8128506 · DOI
10.1161/str.25.3.8128505 · DOI
10.1161/str.23.12.1448817 · DOI
10.1161/str.30.12.2513 · DOI
10.1161/str.20.3.2922771 · DOI
10.1161/str.26.3.355 · DOI
10.1161/str.31.5.1062 · DOI
10.1161/str.29.2.380 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,000

Ethnic and Gender Variations in Ischemic Stroke Patterns among Arab Populations in Northern Israel: A Preliminary Exploration towards Culturally Aware Personalized Stroke Care
Ryder, C. H., Gal, C., Barkay, G., Amsalem, S. R., Sarusi, Z., Shahien, R., & Badarny, S. (2024) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm14050526 · Cited by 3
Atrial premature complex burden as a risk stratification predictor of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and embolic stroke
Kim, J. U., Snell, A., Kabunga, P., Shawon, M. S. R., & Rahman, S. (2025) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108369 · Cited by 3
Discharge Neurological Deficit as a Predictor of Early Stroke Recurrence: A Nationwide Registry‐Based Propensity‐Matched Study
Kim, Y., Jeong, H. S., Shim, S. R., & Hyun, J. K. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.125.043529 · Cited by 3
A Simplified Risk Score to Predict In-Hospital Newly-Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Saengmanee, T., Thiankhaw, K., Tanprawate, S., Soontornpun, A., Wantaneeyawong, C., Teekaput, C., Sirimaharaj, N., & Nudsasarn, A. (2023) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s406546 · Cited by 3
Favorable prognosis in posterior circulation ischemic stroke: Insights from a nationwide stroke databank
Koyanagi, M., Hatano, T., Nakai, M., Ogura, T., Minematsu, K., Kobayashi, S., & Toyoda, Ḱ. (2024) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2024.123000 · Cited by 3
Efficacia e sicurezza dei nuovi farmaci anticoagulanti orali rispetto al warfarin nella profilassi cardioembolica del paziente con fibrillazione atriale non valvolare. Più luci che ombre
Masotti, L., Napoli, M. D., Ageno, W., Imberti, D., Godoy, D. A., Panigada, G., Napoli, N., Landini, G., Cappelli, R., Iori, I., et al. (2012) · Italian Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.itjm.2012.02.001 · Cited by 3
Profile of CZECH AF 2012. Profile of atrial fibrillation patients receiving antithrombotic therapy
Špinar, J., Vítovec, J., Špinarová, L., & Musil, V. (2014) · Cor et Vasa · doi:10.1016/j.crvasa.2014.04.001 · Cited by 3
Cardiovascular causes of emergency neurology presenting to an ICU
Litmathe, J., Dafotakis, M., Sucker, C., & Schulz, J. B. (2015) · Perfusion · doi:10.1177/0267659115613429 · Cited by 3
Symptomatic post‐thrombolytic intracerebral hemorrhage is not related to the cause of stroke
Curtze, S., Sibolt, G., Melkas, S., Mustanoja, S. M., Haapaniemi, E., Jukka Putaala, A., Sairanen, T., Tiainen, M., Tatlisumak, T., & Strbian, D. (2016) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13128 · Cited by 3
Use of Prolonged Cardiac Rhythm Monitoring to Identify Atrial Fibrillation After Cryptogenic Stroke
Roy, A. T., Schwamm, L. H., & Singhal, A. B. (2022) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-022-01652-1 · Cited by 3
A novel integrated angioscope-laser system for atherosclerotic carotid artery occlusion: Feasibility and techniques
Zhang, B., & Zhang, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2022.937492 · Cited by 3
Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke with a fully radiopaque retriever: A randomized controlled trial
Zhang, Y., Liu, P., Li, Z., Peng, Y., Chen, W., Zhang, L., Chu, J., Kuai, D., Chen, Z., Wu, W., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.962987 · Cited by 3
Features of pathogenesis and risk factors of in-hospital ischemic stroke
Витальевич, К. С., Tsygan, N. V., Voznyuk, I. A., Yanishevskiy, S. N., Shermatyuk, E. I., Ilyina, O. M., & Litvinenko, I. (2022) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2022-6-25-32 · Cited by 3
Imaging features of cardioembolic stroke on 4-dimensional computed tomography angiography
Wu, J., Liu, J., Wang, J., Li, J., Gu, S., Yao, Y., Xiong, H., & Li, Y. (2023) · Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.21037/qims-23-120 · Cited by 3
The effect of institutional case volume on post-operative outcomes after endarterectomy and stenting for symptomatic carotid stenosis
Patel, P. D., Khanna, O., Lan, M., Baldassari, M. P., Momin, A. A., Mouchtouris, N., Tjoumakaris, S. I., Gooch, M. R., Rosenwasser, R. H., Farrell, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107828 · Cited by 3
Repeated ischemic stroke and its prevention
Пизова, Н. В., & Pizov, A. V. (2024) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/ms2024-261 · Cited by 3
Implantable Cardiac Rhythm and Hemodynamic Monitors
Daly, M. G., Melton, I., & Crozier, I. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-37804-8.00025-0 · Cited by 3
Recurrent cerebrovascular accidents caused by intravascular lymphoma in a dog
Sánchez, L., Beckmann, K. M., Domínguez, E., Palma, S. D., & Shea, A. (2018) · Veterinary Record Case Reports · doi:10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000667 · Cited by 3
Coronary Heart Disease Concomitant with Atherosclerotic Cerebrovascular Disease
Liu, M., Liu, M., Li, M., & Hua, M. Y. (2019) · Advanced ultrasound in diagnosis and therapy · doi:10.37015/audt.2019.190813 · Cited by 3
Prognosis After Stroke
Brutto, V. J. D., Rundek, T., & Sacco, R. L. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00017-x · Cited by 4
Prognosis and antiplatelet therapy of small single subcortical infarcts in penetrating artery territory: a post hoc analysis of the Third China National Stroke Registry
Xu, Y., Jing, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, A.-X., Li, Z., Liu, L., Zhao, X., Wang, Y., Li, H., Meng, X., et al. (2022) · BMJ Neurology Open · doi:10.1136/bmjno-2022-000267 · Cited by 4
Analysis of the demographic characteristics and clinical profile of acute ischemic strokes admitted to the emergency centre in the Somalia population
Arslan, E., & Cetinkaya, O. (2022) · African Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.afjem.2022.04.010 · Cited by 3
Results of a focused cardiac ultrasound program conducted by neurologists within a stroke care network with cardiac imaging units
López‐Dequidt, I., Martínez‐Monzonís, A., Peña, C., González‐Maestro, A., Salvado, V. G., Castro, E. R., Santamaría-Cadavid, M., Rivas, S. A., Rodríguez‐Yáñez, M., González, J. M. P., et al. (2022) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rec.2022.06.014 · Cited by 3
A comparison of Atrial Fibrillation Detection Strategies After Ischemic Stroke-A Retrospective Study
Salehin, S., Muhammad, S., Rasmussen, P., Mai, S., Safder, Z., Hasan, S. M., Ghani, H. A., Zhang, Y., Salehin, S., KUO, Y.-F., et al. (2022) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101515 · Cited by 3
Elevated Blood Alcohol Concentration Is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes of Intravenous Thrombolysis Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients—A Retrospective Study
Árokszállási, T., Balogh, E. E., Orbán-Kálmándi, R., Pásztor, M., Árokszállási, A., Nagy, E. B., Belán, I., May, Z., Csépány, T., Csiba, L., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12062238 · Cited by 3
Inkrementelle Kosteneffektivität von Dipyridamol + Acetylsalicylsäure in der Sekundärprävention bei ischämischem nichtkardioembolischem Schlaganfall
Claes, C., Mittendorf, T., Grond, M., & von der Schulenburg, J. G. (2008) · Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00063-008-1122-z · Cited by 3
Utility of Transthoracic Echocardiography and Carotid Doppler Ultrasound in Differential Diagnosis and Management of Ischemic Stroke in a Developing Country.
Nakibuuka, J., Nyakoojo, W. B., Namale, A., Ddumba, E., Leontsini, E., & Nuwaha, F. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Optimum Blood Pressure Target After Lacunar Stroke
Hankey, G. J., & Lacey, B. (2014) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02503 · Cited by 3
Nutrition et accident vasculaire cérébral
Bouteloup, C., & Ferrier, A. (2011) · Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme · doi:10.1016/j.nupar.2011.09.002 · Cited by 3
Distinct non-cerebrovascular risk factors for ischemic lacunar stroke and non-lacunar stroke: preliminary results
Chen, Y. F., Luo, C. H., Liu, Y. J., Lu, W., & Su, B. R. (2015) · Genetics and Molecular Research · doi:10.4238/2015.april.10.28 · Cited by 3
Selecting the optimal closure device in patients with atrial septal defects and patent foramen ovale
Roy, D. A., Sharma, R., Bunce, N., Ward, D. E., & Brecker, S. J. (2012) · Interventional Cardiology · doi:10.2217/ica.11.90 · Cited by 3
Medical Conditions Related to Ischemic And Haemorrhagic Stroke: A Hospital Based Study
Hossain, M. M., Sardar, M. H., Hasan, A. H., Bari, M. A., Hossain, S. Z., & Nabi, G. (2015) · Journal of Dhaka Medical College · doi:10.3329/jdmc.v23i2.25385 · Cited by 3
Cerebral hemodynamics in stroke and traumatic brain injury
Aries, M. J. H. (2012) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · Cited by 3
Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Patient with a Systemic Embolic Event
Chen, E. W., & Redberg, R. F. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3640-1.50044-7 · Cited by 3
Stroke recurrence among Filipino patients taking aspirin for first‐ever non‐cardioembolic ischemic stroke
Jamora, R. D. G., Corral, E. V., Ang, M. A. C., Collantes, M. E., & Gan, R. (2017) · Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ncn3.12133 · Cited by 3
Lacune is the stroke subtype linked to obstructive sleep apnea
Al-Hussain, F., & Mohammad, Y. M. (2020) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04437-y · Cited by 3
A case of recurrent stroke with underlying adenocarcinoma: Pseudo-cryptogenic stroke
Goel, D., Sharma, V., Pran, M., Gupta, R., Keshri, T., & Shettigar, U. U. (2020) · Brain Circulation · doi:10.4103/bc.bc_49_19 · Cited by 3
Etiologies of Ischemic Stroke in Sub-Saharan Africa, Case of Benin
Agbétou, M., Sowanou, A., Goudjinou, G., Adjien, C. K., Houinato, D. S., & Gnonlonfoun, D. D. (2020) · Neuroscience & Medicine · doi:10.4236/nm.2020.114012 · Cited by 3
PFO Closure for Cryptogenic Stroke
Gillow, S. J., & Lee, V. H. (2015) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-015-0525-6 · Cited by 3
Patterns of Ischemic Stroke: From Lacunar to Territorial to Multiple Embolic to Watershed Hypotensive
Rotman, J. A., & Zimmerman, R. D. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9029-6_27 · Cited by 3
CT imaging and physiologic techniques in interventional neuroradiology
Pukenas, B. A., & Wolf, R. L. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781841848075-9 · Cited by 3
Cerebrovascular Incidents Differ in Patients with Permanent and Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Staszewski, J., Staszewska, M., Kotowicz, J., Brodacki, B., Tomczykiewicz, K., & Stępień, A. (2006) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000095288 · Cited by 3
FDG-PET in ischemic strokes of unknown origin: Have we found the needle in the haystack?
Teklu, M., & Mehta, N. N. (2021) · Journal of Nuclear Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s12350-021-02598-7 · Cited by 3
The effects on strength, balance and mobility when combining whole body vibration and traditional rehabilitation for stroke patients
Becker, B. (2015) · Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor) · Cited by 3
Real‐World Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Use Exceeds Randomized Trials Boundaries With Possible Safety Issues in Patients With Large Artery Atherosclerosis—Insights From the READAPT Study
Matteis, E. D., Santis, F. D., Foschi, M., Romoli, M., Tassinari, T., Saia, V., Cenciarelli, S., Bedetti, C., Padiglioni, C., Censori, B., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.70163 · Cited by 2
Impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive impairment in stroke patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Zhao, Z.-Q., Li, H.-N., Ye, Y., Wang, J., & Xu, P. H. (2025) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108415 · Cited by 2
Metabolic Syndrome and Atrial Cardiomyopathy on the Risk of Stroke Mortality in the General Population
Xia, Y., Lu, X., CHEN, M., & Li, M. (2025) · Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology · doi:10.1111/anec.70148 · Cited by 2
Impact of Insertable Cardiac Monitor-Detected Atrial Fibrillation on Future Ischemic Events Following Cryptogenic Stroke
Bharucha, R., Kim, J., Alsheikh-Kassim, M., Korada, S. K. C., Alfaro-Franco, C., Xiong, Y., & Curtis, A. M. (2026) · JACC Advances · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.102536 · Cited by 2
Pediatric Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease
Guo, Q., Xie, M., Wang, J., Zhao, C., Wang, Z., Zhang, R., Jiang, S., Bao, X., & Duan, L. (2026) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000214612 · Cited by 2
Functional outcome, five-year survival and burden of disease after size- and location-matched hemorrhagic versus ischemic stroke
Balk, S., Siller, T., Sprügel, M. I., Haupenthal, D., Kölbl, K., Hock, S. W., Heinze, D., Engelhorn, T., Kallmünzer, B., Schwab, S., et al. (2026) · Neurological Research and Practice · doi:10.1186/s42466-026-00456-w · Cited by 2
Isolated transient aphasia at emergency presentation is associated with a high rate of cardioembolic embolism
Wasserman, J. K., Perry, J. J., Dowlatshahi, D. D., Stotts, G., Sivilotti, M. L. A., Worster, A., Émond, M., Sutherland, J., Stiell, I. G., & Sharma, M. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1017/cem.2014.63 · Cited by 2
[An update on the secondary prevention of cerebral infarction due to atrial fibrillation].
Aldatz, F. B. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Cerebrovascular accidents differ between patients with atrial flutter and patients with atrial fibrillation
Staszewski, J., Bilbin-Bukowska, A., Szypowski, W., Mejer-Zahorowski, M., & Stępień, A. (2019) · Archives of Medical Science · doi:10.5114/aoms.2019.81669 · Cited by 2
Differences in characteristics between patients from Egypt and Germany presenting with lacunar stroke
Maged, M., Aref, H., Nahas, N. M. E., Hamid, E., Fathy, M., Roushdy, T. M. E. S., Schäefer, J. H., Foerch, C., & Spitzer, D. E. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50269-z · Cited by 2
Superficial Temporal Artery-to-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass in Ischemic Stroke With Blood Pressure-Dependent Symptoms
Huang, B. K., Huang, C. K., Alok, K., & Chen, A. Y. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.56236 · Cited by 2
Examining the Prevalence of Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus in a Cohort of Acute Stroke Patients with an Extended Computed Tomography Angiographic Protocol
Antal, S. I., Szabó, N., Klucsai, R., Klivènyi, P., & Kincses, Z. T. (2024) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000539170 · Cited by 2
Mini-skin longitudinal incision versus traditional longitudinal incision for carotid endarterectomy in patients with carotid artery stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jácome, F., Oliveira‐Pinto, J., DIONÍSIO, A., Coelho, A. P., Ramos, J., & Mansilha, A. (2024) · International Angiology · doi:10.23736/s0392-9590.24.05300-8 · Cited by 2
Association between edaravone use and activities of daily living in older patients with atherothrombotic stroke: an observational study using Japanese real-world data
Ogawa, Y., Akiyama, H., Horii, T., & Mihara, K. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-024-05666-y · Cited by 2
Access to cardiac imaging after ischaemic stroke in Australia: a national survey
García-Esperón, C., Badge, H., Christie, L., Pathan, F. K., Silva, O. G., & Parsons, M. W. (2025) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.16619 · Cited by 2
Predictors for Early Neurological Deterioration in Lacunar Infarction
Song, Y.-M. (2015) · Journal of the Korean Neurological Association · doi:10.17340/jkna.2015.4.5 · Cited by 2
Clinical Characteristics of Borderzone Infarction in Egyptian Population
Nahas, N. M. E., Shokri, H., Abdulghani, M. O., Zakaria, M. F., Kamel, T., Fahmi, N., Khayat, N., Shalash, A., Basiony, A. E., Reda, R., et al. (2019) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.01.003 · Cited by 2
Seeking predictors for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in stroke with an online clinical database
Erdener, Ş. E. (2019) · Northern Clinics of Istanbul · doi:10.14744/nci.2019.91668 · Cited by 2
Recurrent stroke admissions with vs without COVID-19 and associated in-hospital mortality: A United States nationwide analysis, 2020
Desai, R., Mellacheruvu, S. P., Akella, S. A., Mohammed, A. S., Hussain, M., Mohammed, A. A., Saketha, P., Sunkara, P., Gummadi, J., & Ghantasala, P. (2024) · World Journal of Virology · doi:10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.96453 · Cited by 2
Age and Gender-Specific Patterns of Neurologic Illness
Amatniek, J. C., Sorra, K., Frey, L., & Hauser, W. A. (2010) · Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374271-1.00010-1 · Cited by 2
Stroke therapy
Nowak, D. A., & Hermsdörfer, J. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511581267.030 · Cited by 2
Microemboli Monitoring in Ischemic Stroke
Idicula, T. T., & Thomasse, L. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/26032 · Cited by 2
Aetiological diagnosis of middle-aged and elderly cryptogenic ischaemic cerebral vascular disease
Dong, J., Elmadhoun, O., & Ma, X. (2015) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/1743132815y.0000000056 · Cited by 2
Categorized hospital charges of acute ischemic stroke according to trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment classification
Kwon, Y. D., Chang, H., & Yoon, S.-S. (2013) · Neurology India · doi:10.4103/0028-3886.125271 · Cited by 2
Modelling, evaluating and implementing cost-effective services to reduce the impact of stroke
Wolfe, C. D. A., Rudd, A. G., & McKevitt, C. (2014) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/pgfar02020 · Cited by 2
Use of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Stroke
Tarlacı, S., & Turm, B. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/31862 · Cited by 2
Cardiovascular autonomic and hormonal dysregulation in ischemic stroke with an emphasis on survival
Mäkikallio, A. (2005) · International Journal of Circumpolar Health · doi:10.3402/ijch.v64i5.18034 · Cited by 2
Comparison of the Clinical Course of Ischemic Stroke Depending on the Stroke Subtypes
Song, Y.-M., Lee, C., Lee, G. H., & Kim, J. I. (2007) · Cited by 2
Therapeutic aspects: prevention, future directions, and possibilities
Pantoni, L., & Gorelick, P. B. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139382694.026 · Cited by 2
[Guideline for secondary prevention treatment in cerebrovascular diseases after acute phase].
Araúz, A., Murillo-Bonilla, L. M., Leyva, A., Barinagarrementería, F., Alegría, M. A., Villarreal-Careaga, J., León, C., Cantú, C., & Ruíz‐Sandoval, J. L. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Accidents ischémiques cérébraux
Larrue, V. (2007) · EMC - Angéiologie · doi:10.1016/s1290-0176(07)37360-2 · Cited by 2
Overview of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Motor Recovery After Stroke
Takeuchi, N. (2013) · International Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.4172/2329-9096.1000114 · Cited by 2
Are We the Robots?
Pisotta, I., & Ionta, S. (2014) · Advances in bioinformatics and biomedical engineering book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-6094-6.ch005 · Cited by 2
Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of ischemic stroke in an Afro-Caribbean population: A 1-year prospective MRI study on 534 consecutive patients
Mejdoubi, M., Signaté, A., Colombani, S., Arrigo, A., & Olindo, S. (2016) · Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.1016/j.neurad.2016.09.007 · Cited by 2
Informal carers' experiences and feelings during rehabilitation
Pliatsika, K. A., Sakellari, Ε., Kafkia, T., Krepia, V., & Sapountzi‐Krepia, D. (2019) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2019.28.12.792 · Cited by 2
Association between fasting blood glucose and intracranial cerebral artery stenosis: a secondary analysis based on a retrospective cross-sectional study in Korean adults
Wu, D., Xu, D., Fan, Y., Xu, N., Yao, T., & Liao, M. (2021) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-020-01646-x · Cited by 2
SEASONAL FACTOR AND FREQUENCY OF DETECTION OF HERPES VIRUSES AND INFLUENZA VIRUS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE
Chеrеnkо, Т. М., Turchyna, N. S., Heletyuk, Y. L., Andriushkova, N. G., & Kuzminska, O. V. (2021) · Wiadomości Lekarskie · doi:10.36740/wlek202104121 · Cited by 2
Classification of Ischemic Stroke
Ay, H. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00020-x · Cited by 2
Assessing the variability and the role of inflammatory cytokines and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in predicting stroke among hypertensives: A case-control study
Sakyi, S. A., Opoku, A. S., Amoani, B., Afranie, B. O., Kwarteng, A., Ephriam, R. D., Opoku, S., Senu, E., Aidoo, E. K., & Sarfo, F. S. (2022) · Dialogues in Health · doi:10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100086 · Cited by 2
Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Predicting Ischemic Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack
Chiu, Y., Tang, S., Tsai, L., Hsieh, M., Chiang, W., Jeng, J., & Huei‐Ming, M. (2023) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.12.027 · Cited by 2
Therapeutische Methoden und Interventionen
Binkofski, F., Dafotakis, M., Dohle, C., Eickhof, C., Ertelt, D., Grefkes, C., Hamzei, F., Hauptmann, B., Hesse, S., Horst, R., et al. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17257-1_7 · Cited by 2
Better Dead than Alive? Quality of Life After Stroke
Schenk, T., & Noble, A. J. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7672-6_13 · Cited by 2
Short-Term Outcome in Stroke Patients with or without Atrial Fibrillation: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Santangelo, A., Bagnato, S., Boccagni, C., Guardabasso, V., & Galardi, G. (2012) · ISRN Rehabilitation · doi:10.5402/2012/750394 · Cited by 2
THE OUTCOME OF CARDIOEMBOLIC STROKE IS IMPROVED WITH ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENT: A CLINICAL STUDY
Jurcău, A. (2008) · doi:10.37897/rjn.2008.1.5 · Cited by 2
Genetics of Stroke
Adamski, M. G., & Baird, A. E. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-383834-6.00130-0 · Cited by 2
Antiplatelet agents for the secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke in patients with or without renal dysfunction
Wang, I. ‐., Yen, T., Guo, Y., Sun, Y., Lien, L., Chang, W. ‐., Chen, P., Yang, Y. C., Sung, F., & Hsu, C. Y. (2019) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.14116 · Cited by 2
Atherosclerosis at Extracranial Carotid Vessels and Serum Homocysteine
Tai, M. S., Ong, K. G., Toh, T. H., Hussain, H., Mahidin, A. R. M., & Yeow, E. K. M. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.89826 · Cited by 2
Is it possible to prevent cerebral embolization by improving the design and technology of carotid stent implantation?
Osipova, O. S., Popova, I. V., Борисович, С. В., Bugurov, S., & Karpenko, A. A. (2020) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1080/14779072.2020.1833718 · Cited by 2
Urine Protein Levels Predict Future Development of Cerebral Infarction in Koreans
Lee, S. M., Ha, E., & Ryoo, J. (2021) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2022.63.1.66 · Cited by 2
Secular Trends in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes
Bogiatzi, C. (2013) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 2
Grundzüge der akuten Schlaganfalltherapie
Haaß, A. (2005) · Der Radiologe · doi:10.1007/s00117-005-1216-z · Cited by 2
Benefit‐Based Approach to Blood Pressure Control in Older Adults
Supiano, M. A. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13341 · Cited by 2
Causes cardiaques d'embolie cérébrale
Touzé, E., Varenne, O., Calvet, D., & Mas, J. (2006) · Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale. Neurologie · doi:10.1016/s0246-0378(06)39362-1 · Cited by 2
General Stroke Management and Stroke Units
Kaste, M., & Roine, R. O. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-44-306600-0/50059-6 · Cited by 2
Racial/ethnic variations in acute stroke
Gezmu, T. (2012) · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) · doi:10.7282/t38p5zfs · Cited by 2
Resultados de un programa de ecocardioscopia realizada por neurólogos en el proceso integrado en red de atención al ictus en unidades de imagen cardiaca
López‐Dequidt, I., Martínez‐Monzonís, A., Peña, C., González‐Maestro, A., Salvado, V. G., Castro, E. R., Santamaría-Cadavid, M., Rivas, S. A., Rodríguez‐Yáñez, M., González, J. M. P., et al. (2022) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2022.06.002 · Cited by 1

Authors: Kolominsky-Rabas, P. L., Weber, M., Gefeller, O., Neundoerfer, B., & Heuschmann, P. U.
Affiliations: From the Unit for Stroke Research and Public Health Medicine, Department of Neurology (P.L.K.-R., M.W., B.N., P.U.H.) and Department of Epidemiology (O.G.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
ORCID: Gefeller, Olaf
Heuschmann, Peter U.
Venue: Stroke
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2001-12
Volume: 32
Issue: 12
Pages: 2735-2740
ISSN: 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
1524-4628
DOI: 10.1161/hs1201.100209
OpenAlex: W2049663681
Cited by: 1,281
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 93 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 69
FWCI: 12.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Stroke (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
Keywords: ischemic stroke, TOAST classification, stroke subtypes, cardiac embolism, small artery occlusion, large artery atherosclerosis, stroke incidence, stroke recurrence, long-term survival, sex differences, Erlangen
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Ischemia, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Observer Variation, Comorbidity, Incidence, Survival Rate, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Survivors, Stroke

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes According to TOAST Criteria: Incidence, Recurrence, and Long-Term Survival in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: A Population-Based Study

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks