Cited by 1,281Acute Ischemic Stroke ManagementCerebrovascular and Carotid Artery DiseasesIntracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes According to TOAST Criteria: Incidence, Recurrence, and Long-Term Survival in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: A Population-Based Study

Kolominsky-Rabas, Peter L., Weber, Margarete, Gefeller, Olaf, Neundoerfer, Bernhard, Heuschmann, Peter U.·2001·Stroke

DOI 10.1161/hs1201.100209

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background and Purpose — The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival rates of ischemic stroke subtypes by a mechanism-based classification scheme (Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment, or TOAST). Methods — We identified all 583 residents of the city of Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany, with a first ischemic stroke between 1994 and 1998. Multiple overlapping sources of information were used to ensure completeness of case ascertainment. The cause of ischemic stroke was classified according to the TOAST criteria. Patients were followed up at 3 months and 1 and 2 years after stroke onset. Results — The age-standardized incidence rates for the European population (per 100 000) regarding ischemic stroke subtypes were as follows: cardioembolism, 30.2 (95% CI 25.6 to 35.7); small-artery occlusion, 25.8 (95% CI 21.5 to 30.9); and large-artery atherosclerosis, 15.3 (95% CI 12 to 19.3). When age-adjusted to the European population, the incidence rate for large-artery atherosclerosis was more than twice as high for men than for women (23.6/100 000 versus 9.2/100 000). Two years after onset, patients in the small-artery occlusion subgroup were 3 times more likely to be alive than those with cardioembolism. Ischemic stroke subtype according to the TOAST criteria was a significant predictor for long-term survival, whereas subtype was not a significant predictor of long-term recurrence up to 2 years, both before and after adjustment for age and sex. Conclusions — Epidemiological observational studies that possess wide access to appropriate diagnostic technologies and apply standardized etiologic classifications provide a much better understanding of underlying risk factors for initial stroke, recurrence, and mortality.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1161/hs1201.100209

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment.
Adams, H. P., Bendixen, B. H., Kappelle, L. J., Biller, J., Love, B. B., Gordon, D., & Marsh, E. E. (1993) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.24.1.35 · Cited by 12,350
Epidemiology of stroke
Bonita, R. (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)91658-u · Cited by 993
Ischemic Stroke Subtypes
Petty, G. W., Brown, R. D., Whisnant, J. P., Sicks, J. D., O’Fallon, W. M., & Wiebers, D. O. (1999) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.30.12.2513 · Cited by 729
Ischemic Stroke Subtypes
Petty, G. W., Brown, R. D., Whisnant, J. P., Sicks, J. D., O’Fallon, W. M., & Wiebers, D. O. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.5.1062 · Cited by 712
Stroke incidence, prevalence, and survival: secular trends in Rochester, Minnesota, through 1989.
Brown, R. D., Whisnant, J. P., Sicks, J. D., O’Fallon, W. M., & Wiebers, D. O. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 639
Predictors of mortality and recurrence after hospitalized cerebral infarction in an urban community
Sacco, R. L., Shi, T., Zamanillo, M. C., & Kargman, D. E. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.4.626 · Cited by 471
A prospective study of acute cerebrovascular disease in the community: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project 1981-86. 1. Methodology, demography and incident cases of first-ever stroke.
Bamford, J., Sandercock, P. A., Dennis, M. S., Warlow, C., Jones, L., McPherson, K., Vessey, M. P., Fowler, G., Molyneux, A., & Hughes, T. (1988) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.51.11.1373 · Cited by 469
World Health Statistics Quarterly 1993.
(1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533484 · Cited by 468
Comparing Stroke Incidence Worldwide: What Makes Studies Comparable?
Sudlow, C. L. M., & Warlow, C. P. (1996) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.27.3.550 · Cited by 451
Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Ischemic Stroke Risk
Sacco, R. L., Gan, R., Boden-Albala, B. M., Lin, I., Kargman, D. E., Hauser, W. A., Shea, S., & Paik, M. C. (1998) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.29.2.380 · Cited by 389

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 28 references

Research works printed but not linked: 14

10.1161/str.27.3.550 · DOI
10.1161/str.31.9.2074 · DOI
10.1161/str.30.2.363 · DOI
10.1161/str.29.12.2501 · DOI
10.1161/str.28.12.2500 · DOI
10.1161/str.26.6.924 · DOI
10.1161/str.25.3.8128506 · DOI
10.1161/str.25.3.8128505 · DOI
10.1161/str.23.12.1448817 · DOI
10.1161/str.30.12.2513 · DOI
10.1161/str.20.3.2922771 · DOI
10.1161/str.26.3.355 · DOI
10.1161/str.31.5.1062 · DOI
10.1161/str.29.2.380 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 1,000

Systemic chemokine levels, coronary heart disease, and ischemic stroke events
Canouï‐Poitrine, F., Luc, G., Mallat, Z., Machez, E., Bingham, A., Ferrières, J., Ruidavets, J., Montaye, M., Yarnell, J., Haas, B., et al. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31822dc7c8 · Cited by 68
Unexpected low prevalence of atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic ischemic stroke: a prospective study
Dion, F., Saudeau, D., Bonnaud, I., Friocourt, P., Bonneau, A., Poret, P., Giraudeau, B., Régina, S., Fauchier, L., & Babuty, D. (2010) · Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology · doi:10.1007/s10840-010-9485-5 · Cited by 67
Transient decrease in circulating dendritic cell precursors after acute stroke: potential recruitment into the brain
Yılmaz, A., Fuchs, T., Dietel, B., Altendorf, R., Cicha, I., Stumpf, C., Schellinger, P. D., Blümcke, I., Schwab, S., Daniel, W. G., et al. (2009) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20090154 · Cited by 67
Combining Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation with Other Therapeutic Approaches after Stroke: Current Status, Rationale, and Challenges
Mazzoleni, S., Duret, C., Grosmaire, A.-G., & Battini, E. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/8905637 · Cited by 71
The Frequency and Timing of Recurrent Stroke
Stahmeyer, J. T., Stubenrauch, S., Geyer, S., Weißenborn, K., & Eberhard, S. (2019) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2019.0711 · Cited by 67
Dose-Related Neuroprotective versus Neurodamaging Effects of Estrogens in Rat Cerebral Ischemia: A Systematic Analysis
Ström, J. O., Theodorsson, A., & Theodorsson, E. (2009) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2009.66 · Cited by 66
Apixaban versus Antiplatelet drugs or no antithrombotic drugs after anticoagulation-associated intraCerebral HaEmorrhage in patients with Atrial Fibrillation (APACHE-AF): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
on behalf of the APACHE-AF investigators, van Nieuwenhuizen, K. M., van der Worp, H. B., Algra, A., Kappelle, L. J., Rinkel, G. J. E., Gelder, I. C. V., Schutgens, R. E. G., & Klijn, C. J. M. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0898-4 · Cited by 68
Low Ankle-Brachial Index predicts early risk of recurrent stroke in patients with acute cerebral ischemia
Tsivgoulis, G. K., Bogiatzi, C., Heliopoulos, I., Vadikolias, Κ., Boutati, E. I., Tsakaldimi, S., Al-Attas, O. S., Charalampidis, P., Piperidou, C., Maltezos, E. S., et al. (2011) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.009 · Cited by 65
Transcranial direct current stimulation for motor recovery of upper limb function after stroke
Lüdemann-Podubecká, J., Bösl, K., Rothhardt, S., Verheyden, G., & Nowak, D. A. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.022 · Cited by 65
Etiology of and risk factors for cerebral infarction in young adults in western Norway: a population‐based case‐control study
Næss, H., Nyland, H., Thomassen, L., Aarseth, J. H., & Myhr, K.-M. (2003) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1046/j.1351-5101.2003.00700.x · Cited by 65
Coated‐platelets in ischemic stroke: differences between lacunar and cortical stroke
Prodan, C. I., JOSEPH, P. M., Vincent, A. S., & Dale, G. L. (2008) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02890.x · Cited by 65
The Effect of Survival Bias on Case-Control Genetic Association Studies of Highly Lethal Diseases
Anderson, C. D., Nalls, M. A., Biffi, A., Rost, N. S., Greenberg, S. M., Singleton, A., Meschia, J. F., & Rosand, J. M. (2011) · Circulation Cardiovascular Genetics · doi:10.1161/circgenetics.110.957928 · Cited by 66
Association of Aspirin Resistance With Increased Stroke Severity and Infarct Size
Zheng, A. S. Y., Churilov, L. P., Colley, R., Goh, C., Davis, S. M., & Yan, B. (2012) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.601 · Cited by 64
Functional neuromuscular stimulation to improve severe hand dysfunction after stroke: Does inhibitory rTMS enhance therapeutic efficiency?
Theilig, S., Lüdemann-Podubecká, J., Bösl, K., Wiederer, R., & Nowak, D. A. (2011) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.04.010 · Cited by 63
Remote ischemic conditioning for stroke: clinical data, challenges, and future directions
Zhao, W., Li, S., Ren, C., Meng, R., Jin, K., & Ji, X. (2018) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.691 · Cited by 63
The emerging association between COVID-19 and acute stroke
Stein, L. K., Mayman, N. A., Dhamoon, M. S., & Fifi, J. T. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2021.03.005 · Cited by 62
Risk factors for and incidence of subtypes of ischemic stroke.
Ihle‐Hansen, H., Thommessen, B., Wyller, T. B., Engedal, K., & Fure, B. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 62
Interobserver Agreement in the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment Classification of Stroke Based on Retrospective Medical Record Review
Meschia, J. F., Barrett, K. M., Chukwudelunzu, F. E., Brown, W. M., Case, L. D., D, B. M. K. M., Brown, R. D., Brott, T. G., Olson, T. S., Rich, S. S., et al. (2006) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2006.07.001 · Cited by 62
Differentiating ischemic stroke subtypes: Risk factors and secondary prevention
Kirshner, H. S. (2009) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2008.12.012 · Cited by 63
Stroke subtype predicts outcome in young and middle-aged stroke sufferers
Redfors, P., Jood, K., Holmegaard, L., Rosengren, A., Blomstrand, C., & Jern, C. (2012) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2012.01653.x · Cited by 62
2012 ACCF/AHA/ACR/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM/SVN/SVS Key Data Elements and Definitions for Peripheral Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
Creager, M. A., Belkin, M., Bluth, E. I., Casey, D. E., Chaturvedi, S., Dake, M. D., Fleg, J. L., Hirsch, A. T., Jaff, M. R., Kern, J. A., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31823299a1 · Cited by 62
Recurrence and survival after first-ever stroke in the area of Bajo Aragon, Spain. A prospective cohort study
Modrego, P. J., Mainar, R., & Turull, L. (2004) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2004.06.002 · Cited by 60
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Cryptogenic Stroke: A Case–Control Study
Rabinstein, A. A., Fugate, J. E., Mandrekar, J. N., Burns, J. D., Seet, R. C. S., Dupont, S. A., Kauffman, T. J., Asirvatham, S. J., & Friedman, P. A. (2013) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.05.013 · Cited by 59
Cardiac Workup of Ischemic Stroke
Ustrell, X., & Pellisé, A. (2010) · Current Cardiology Reviews · doi:10.2174/157340310791658721 · Cited by 59
Do all ischemic stroke subtypes benefit from organized inpatient stroke care?
Smith, E. E., Hassan, K. A., Fang, J., Selchen, D., Kapral, M. K., & Saposnik, G. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181ebdd8d · Cited by 59
Different methods for administering 17β-estradiol to ovariectomized rats result in opposite effects on ischemic brain damage
Strom, J. O., Theodorsson, E., Holm, L., & Theodorsson, A. (2010) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-11-39 · Cited by 61
Intraoperative monitoring of carotid endarterectomy by transcranial motor evoked potential: A multicenter study of 600 patients
Malcharek, M. J., Ulkatan, S., Marinò, V., Geyer, M., Carbó, E. L., Pérez-Fajardo, G., Arranz-Arranz, B., Climent, J., Aloj, F., Franco, E., et al. (2012) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2012.10.014 · Cited by 58
Multimodal CT in Acute Stroke
Wannamaker, R., Buck, B. H., & Butcher, K. (2019) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-019-0978-z · Cited by 57
Stroke recurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation: concomitant carotid artery stenosis doubles the risk
Lehtola, H., Airaksinen, J. K. E., Hartikainen, P. H., Hartikainen, J. E. K., Palomäki, A., Nuotio, I. O., Ylitalo, A., Kiviniemi, T., & Mustonen, P. E. (2017) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13280 · Cited by 57
Épidémiologie des accidents vasculaires cérébraux
Béjot, Y., Touzé, E., Jacquin, A., Giroud, M., & Mas, J. (2009) · médecine/sciences · doi:10.1051/medsci/2009258-9727 · Cited by 57
Stroke recurrence within the first year following cerebral infarction - Tottori University Lacunar Infarction Prognosis Study (TULIPS)*
Soda, T., Nakayasu, H., Maeda, M., Kusumi, M., Kowa, H., Awaki, E., Saito, J., & Nakashima, K. (2004) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2004.00290.x · Cited by 56
Association of Stroke with the Receptor-Binding Profiles of Antipsychotics—A Case-Crossover Study
Wu, C., Wang, S., Gau, S. S., Tsai, H., & Cheng, Y.-C. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.07.006 · Cited by 56
Mechanism of Medullary Infarction Based on Arterial Territory Involvement
Kim, K., Lee, H. S., Jung, Y. H., Kim, Y. D., Nam, H. S., Nam, C. M., Kim, S. M., & Heo, J. H. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.3988/jcn.2012.8.2.116 · Cited by 56
Development of persistent headache following stroke: A 3-year follow-up
Hansen, A. P., Marcussen, N. S., Klit, H., Kasch, H., Jensen, T. S., & Finnerup, N. B. (2014) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/0333102414545894 · Cited by 55
Changes in Cognitive Function over 3 Years after First-Ever Stroke and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment and Long-Term Cognitive Stability: The Erlangen Stroke Project
Liman, T., Heuschmann, P. U., Endres, M., Flöel, A., Schwab, S., & Kolominsky‐Rabas, P. L. (2011) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000327358 · Cited by 55
Self-citation
CYP2C19 Metabolizer Status and Clopidogrel Efficacy in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) Study
McDonough, C. W., McClure, L. A., Mitchell, B. D., Gong, Y., Horenstein, R. B., Lewis, J. P., Field, T. S., Talbert, R. L., Benavente, O., Johnson, J. A., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.114.001652 · Cited by 54
Ethnic differences in stroke recurrence
Lisabeth, L. D., Smith, M. A., Brown, D. L., Moyé, L. A., Risser, J., & Morgenstern, L. B. (2006) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20943 · Cited by 54
Enhanced platelet activation by prolactin in patients with ischemic stroke
Lohmann, T., Hild, E., Kobsar, A. L., Siegemund, A., Spilcke-Liss, E., Hentschel, B., Stumpf, C., Daniel, W. G., Garlichs, C., Eigenthaler, M., et al. (2006) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th05-09-0634 · Cited by 54
The brain's heart — Therapeutic opportunities for patent foramen ovale (PFO) and neurovascular disease
Ning, M., Lo, E. H., Ning, P.-C., Xu, S. Y., McMullin, D., Demirjian, Z. N., Inglessis, I., DEC, G. W., Palacios, I. F., & Buonanno, F. S. (2013) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.03.007 · Cited by 53
Effects of Sex Difference on Clinical Features of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Japan
Maeda, K., Toyoda, Ḱ., Minematsu, K., & Kobayashi, S. (2012) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.07.006 · Cited by 53
Feasibility of a T-Shirt-Type Wearable Electrocardiography Monitor for Detection of Covert Atrial Fibrillation in Young Healthy Adults
Fukuma, N., Hasumi, E., Fujiu, K., Waki, K., Toyooka, T., Komuro, I., & Ohe, K. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48267-1 · Cited by 53
Resting motor threshold in the course of hand motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review
Veldema, J., Nowak, D. A., & Gharabaghi, A. (2021) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-021-00947-8 · Cited by 53
High-Intensity, Unilateral Resistance Training of a Non-Paretic Muscle Group Increases Active Range of Motion in a Severely Paretic Upper Extremity Muscle Group after Stroke
Urbin, M. A., Harris-Love, M. L., Carter, A. R., & Lang, C. E. (2015) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00119 · Cited by 52
Diabetes and hypertension markedly increased the risk of ischemic stroke associated with high serum resistin concentration in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study
Osawa, H., Doi, Y., Makino, H., Ninomiya, T., Yonemoto, K., Kawamura, R., Hata, J., Tanizaki, Y., Iida, M., & Kiyohara, Y. (2009) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-8-60 · Cited by 52
Position Statement on Indications of Echocardiography in Adults - 2019
Barberato, S. H., Romano, M. M. D., Beck, A. L. D. S., Rodrigues, A. C. T., de Almeida, A. L. C., Assunção, B. M. B. L., Gripp, E. D. A., Filho, F. V. G., Abensur, H., Castillo, J. M. D., et al. (2019) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20190129 · Cited by 53
Risk factors for cryptogenic ischaemic stroke
Karttunen, V., Alfthan, G., Hiltunen, L. M., Rasi, V., Kervinen, K., Kesäniemi, Y. A., & Hillbom, M. (2002) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1046/j.1468-1331.2002.00464.x · Cited by 52
Characteristics of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in cerebral small vessel disease: Diffuse and sustained
Guo, Z., Xing, Y., Wang, S., Ma, H., Liu, J., & Yang, Y. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep15269 · Cited by 51
Trends in prevalence of acute stroke impairments: A population-based cohort study using the South London Stroke Register
Clery, A., Bhalla, A., Rudd, A. G., Wolfe, C. D. A., & Wang, Y. (2020) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003366 · Cited by 51
Electrical somatosensory stimulation improves movement kinematics of the affected hand following stroke
Koesler, I. B. M., Dafotakis, M., Ameli, M., Fink, G. R., & Nowak, D. A. (2008) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.161117 · Cited by 51
Etiology and Risk Factors of Posterior Circulation Infarction Compared with Anterior Circulation Infarction
Zeng, Q., Tao, W., Lei, C., Dong, W., & Liu, M. (2015) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.03.033 · Cited by 50
Diffusion-weighted ASPECTS as an independent marker for predicting functional outcome
Tei, H., Uchiyama, S., Usui, T., & Ohara, K. (2010) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-010-5787-x · Cited by 50
Brain Atrophy Correlates with Severe Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Basal Ganglia among Lacunar Stroke Patients
Zhang, X., Ding, L., Yang, L., Qin, W., Yuan, J., Li, S., & Hu, W. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149593 · Cited by 50
Atrial fibrillation genetic risk differentiates cardioembolic stroke from other stroke subtypes
Pulit, S. L., Weng, L.-C. C., McArdle, P. F., Trinquart, L., Choi, S. H., Mitchell, B. D., Rosand, J. M., de Bakker, P. I. W., Benjamin, E. J., Ellinor, P. T., et al. (2018) · Neurology Genetics · doi:10.1212/nxg.0000000000000293 · Cited by 51
2021 ISHNE/ HRS/ EHRA/ APHRS collaborative statement on mHealth in Arrhythmia Management: Digital Medical Tools for Heart Rhythm Professionals
Varma, N., Cygankiewicz, I., Turakhia, M. P., Heidbüchel, H., Hu, Y., Chen, L. Y., Couderc, J., Cronin, E. M., Estep, J. D., Grieten, L., et al. (2021) · Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology · doi:10.1111/anec.12795 · Cited by 51
Seasonal Variation in Ischemic Stroke Incidence and Association with Climate: A Six‐Year Population‐Based Study
Lee, H., Hu, C., Chen, C., & Lin, H. (2008) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520802551469 · Cited by 50
Stroke rehabilitation using noninvasive cortical stimulation: motor deficit
Ayache, S. S., Farhat, W. H., Zouari, H. G., Hosseini, H., Mylius, V., & Lefaucheur, J. (2012) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.12.83 · Cited by 49
Decrease in the Stroke Case Fatality Rates in a French Population-Based Twenty-Year Study
Béjot, Y., Rouaud, O., Durier, J., Caillier, M., Marie, C., Freysz, M., Yeguiayan, J.-M., Chantegret, A., Osseby, G. V., Moreau, T., et al. (2007) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000108434 · Cited by 49
Impaired neurovascular coupling in ischaemic stroke patients with large or small vessel disease
Lin, W.-Y., Hao, Q., Rosengarten, B., Leung, T. W. H., & Wong, K. S. (2010) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03262.x · Cited by 49
Real-World Experience with Insertable Cardiac Monitors to Find Atrial Fibrillation in Cryptogenic Stroke
Ziegler, P., Rogers, J., Ferreira, S. W., Nichols, A. J., Sarkar, S., Koehler, J. L., Warman, E. N., & Richards, M. (2015) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000439063 · Cited by 48
Evaluation and Management of Atherosclerotic Carotid Stenosis
Meschia, J. F., Klaas, J. P., Brown, R. D., & Brott, T. G. (2017) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.02.020 · Cited by 48
Age dependency of ischaemic stroke subtypes and vascular risk factors in western Norway: the Bergen Norwegian Stroke Cooperation Study
Nacu, A., Fromm, A., Sand, K. M., Waje‐Andreassen, U., Thomassen, L., & Næss, H. (2015) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.12446 · Cited by 47
Time Trends in Incidence of Pathological and Etiological Stroke Subtypes during 16 Years: The Erlangen Stroke Project
Kolominsky‐Rabas, P. L., Wiedmann, S., Weingärtner, M., Liman, T., Endres, M., Schwab, S., Buchfelder, M., & Heuschmann, P. U. (2015) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000371353 · Cited by 47
Self-citation
Delayed Detection of Atrial Fibrillation after Ischemic Stroke
Kamel, H., Lees, K. R., Lyden, P. D., Teal, P. A., Shuaib, A. M., Ali, M., & Johnston, S. C. (2009) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.01.012 · Cited by 47
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for motor recovery of the upper limb after stroke
Lüdemann-Podubecká, J., Bösl, K., & Nowak, D. A. (2015) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.12.001 · Cited by 47
Drugs for Stroke Recovery
Martinsson, L., & Eksborg, S. (2004) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-200421020-00001 · Cited by 47
Care needs and economic consequences after acute ischemic stroke: the Erlangen Stroke Project
Ward, A., Payne, K. A., Jaime, J., Heuschmann, P. U., & Kolominsky‐Rabas, P. L. (2005) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2004.00949.x · Cited by 46
Self-citation
Ischemic Stroke Subtype and Presence of Sleep-disordered Breathing: The BASIC Sleep Apnea Study
Brown, D. L., Mowla, A., McDermott, M., Morgenstern, L. B., Hegeman, G. L., Smith, M. A., Garcia, N. M., Chervin, R. D., & Lisabeth, L. D. (2014) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.09.007 · Cited by 47
Atrial fibrillation detection using ambulatory smartwatch photoplethysmography and validation with simultaneous holter recording
Chang, P., Wen, M., Chou, C., Wang, C., & Hung, K. (2022) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2022.02.002 · Cited by 46
Predictors of Early Neurological Deterioration after Ischaemic Stroke: A Case-Control Study
Barber, M., Wright, F., Stott, D. J., & Langhorne, P. (2004) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000075561 · Cited by 46
Analysis of 10,811 Cases with Acute Ischemic Stroke from Korean Stroke Registry: Hospital-Based Multicenter Prospective Registration Study
Yu, K., Bae, H., Kwon, S. U., Kang, D., Hong, K., Lee, Y. S., Rha, J. H., Koo, J. S., Kim, J. S., Kim, J. H., et al. (2006) · Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) · Cited by 46
Clinical-diffusion mismatch defined by NIHSS and ASPECTS in non-lacunar anterior circulation infarction
Tei, H., Uchiyama, S., & Usui, T. (2007) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0368-8 · Cited by 45
Role of Outpatient Cardiac Rhythm Monitoring in Cryptogenic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Afzal, M. R., Gunda, S., Waheed, S., Sehar, N., Maybrook, R. J., Dawn, B., & Lakkireddy, D. (2015) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/pace.12688 · Cited by 44
Recurrent vascular events in lacunar stroke patients with metabolic syndrome and/or diabetes
Zhu, S., McClure, L. A., Lau, H. W., Romero, J. R., White, C. L., Babikian, V. L., Nguyen, T. N., Benavente, O., Kase, C. S., & Pikula, A. (2015) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001933 · Cited by 45
Blood biomarkers in the early stage of cerebral ischemia
Maestrini, I., Ducroquet, A., Moulin, S., Leys, D., Cordonnier, C., & Bordet, R. (2016) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2016.02.003 · Cited by 44
Comparison of Functional Outcome and Stroke Recurrence in Patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS) vs. Cardioembolic Stroke Patients
Araúz, A., Morelos, E., Colín, J., Roldán, J., & Barboza, M. A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166091 · Cited by 44
Long-term trends in incidence and risk factors for ischaemic stroke subtypes: Prospective population study of the South London Stroke Register
Wafa, H. A., Wolfe, C. D. A., Rudd, A. G., & Wang, Y. (2018) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002669 · Cited by 44
Epileptic activity in neurological deterioration after ischemic stroke, a continuous EEG study
Scoppettuolo, P., Gaspard, N., Depondt, C., Legros, B., Ligot, N., & Naeije, G. (2019) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2019.09.005 · Cited by 44
CT angiography vs echocardiography for detection of cardiac thrombi in ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Groeneveld, N.-S., Guglielmi, V., Leeflang, M., Boekholdt, S. M., Planken, R. N., Roos, Y. B. W. E. M., Majoie, C. B. L. M., & Coutinho, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-020-09766-8 · Cited by 45
Deep Cerebellar Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Stimulation Restores Interhemispheric Balance after Ischemic Stroke in Mice
Baek, H., Sariev, A., Lee, S., Dong, S.-Y., Royer, S., & Kim, H. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2020.3002207 · Cited by 44
Hospital-based prospective registration of acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in Japan
Kimura, K., Kazui, S., Minematsu, K., & Yamaguchi, T. (2004) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2003.11.025 · Cited by 44
Time-Dependent Impact of Diabetes on Mortality in Patients With Stroke
Icks, A., Claessen, H., Morbach, S., Glaeske, G., & Hoffmann, F. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-2159 · Cited by 43
Incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival of ischemic stroke subtypes: A population-based study in the Middle East
Saber, H., Thrift, A. G., Kapral, M. K., Shoamanesh, A., Amiri, A., Farzadfard, M. T., Behrouz, R., & Azarpazhooh, M. R. (2017) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1177/1747493016684843 · Cited by 43
Stroke Incidence and Outcomes in Northeastern Greece
Tsivgoulis, G. K., Patousi, A., Pikilidou, M. I., Birbilis, T., Katsanos, A. H., Mantatzis, M., Asimis, A., Παπάνας, Ν., Skendros, P., Terzoudi, A., et al. (2018) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.117.019524 · Cited by 42
Trends in stroke outcomes in the last ten years in a European tertiary hospital
Castro, E. R., López‐Dequidt, I., Santamaría-Cadavid, M., Arias-Rivas, S., Rodríguez‐Yáñez, M., Pumar, J. M., Hervella, P., López‐Arias, E., da Silva‐Candal, A., Estany, A., et al. (2018) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-018-1164-7 · Cited by 42
Advances in stroke prevention
Sherzai, A. Z., & Elkind, M. S. V. (2015) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12723 · Cited by 43
Diagnostic Yield of Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Venography in Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke and Patent Foramen Ovale
Liberman, A. L., Daruwalla, V., Collins, J. D., Maas, M. B., Botelho, M. P. F., Ayache, J. B., Carr, J., Ruff, I., Bernstein, R. A., Alberts, M. J., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.114.005539 · Cited by 41
Cerebrovascular fibromuscular dysplasia
Harriott, A. M., Zimmerman, E. E., Singhal, A. B., Jaff, M. R., Lindsay, M. E., & Rordorf, G. A. (2017) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000000339 · Cited by 41
Risk Factors, Clinical Features and Prognosis for Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke in a Chinese Population
Tan, Y., Zhan, L., Chen, X.-H., Guo, J., Qin, C., & Xu, E. (2018) · Current Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s11596-018-1878-1 · Cited by 41
Regional Differences in Incidence and Management of Stroke – Is There Any Difference between Western and Japanese Guidelines on Antiplatelet Therapy?
Shinohara, Y. (2006) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000090358 · Cited by 41
Recurrence Risk after Noncardioembolic Mild Ischemic Stroke in a Japanese Population
Kono, Y., Yamada, S., Kamisaka, K., Araki, A., Fujioka, Y., Yasui, K., Hasegawa, Y., & Koike, Y. (2011) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000323233 · Cited by 40
Coronary Risk Stratification in Patients with Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Stroke Attack
Touzé, E., Varenne, O., Calvet, D., & Mas, J. (2007) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2007.00136.x · Cited by 40
Stroke type and severity in patients with subclinical atrial fibrillation: An analysis from the Asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Evaluation in Pacemaker Patients and the Atrial Fibrillation Reduction Atrial Pacing Trial (ASSERT)
Perera, K. S., Sharma, M., Connolly, S. J., Wang, J., Gold, M. R., Hohnloser, S. H., Lau, C., Gelder, I. C. V., Morillo, C. A., Capucci, A., et al. (2018) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2018.03.027 · Cited by 40
Stroke recurrence in the different subtypes of ischemic stroke. The importance of the intracranial disease
Lange, M. C., Ribas, G. D. C., Scavasine, V. C., Ducci, R. D., Mendes, D., Zétola, V. D. H. F., Cabral, N. L., & Rundek, T. (2018) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0004-282x20180095 · Cited by 40
Estrogens as Neuroprotectants against Ischemic Stroke
de Leciñana, M. A., & Egido, J. A. (2006) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000091703 · Cited by 41
Risk Factors for Acute Stroke among South Asians Compared to Other Racial/Ethnic Groups
Gezmu, T., Schneider, D. F., Demissie, K., Lin, Y., & Gizzi, M. S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108901 · Cited by 40
Biomarker level improves the diagnosis of embolic source in ischemic stroke of unknown origin
Santamarina, E., Peñalba, A., García‐Berrocoso, T., Delgado, P., Quintana, M., González‐Alujas, T., Ribó, M., Maisterra, O., Molina, C. A., Evangelista, A., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6532-4 · Cited by 39
Atrial Fibrillation Genetic Risk and Ischemic Stroke Mechanisms
Lubitz, S. A., Parsons, O., Anderson, C. D., Benjamin, E. J., Malik, R., Weng, L.-C. C., Dichgans, M., Sudlow, C. L. M., Rothwell, P. M., Rosand, J. M., et al. (2017) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.116.016198 · Cited by 39
Clinical presentation of strokes confined to the insula: a systematic review of literature
Stefano, V. D., Angelis, M. V. D., Montemitro, C., Russo, M., Carrarini, C., Giannantonio, M. D., Brighina, F., ONOFRJ, M. C., Werring, D. J., & Simister, R. J. (2021) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-021-05109-1 · Cited by 39
Val66Met BDNF Polymorphism Implies a Different Way to Recover From Stroke Rather Than a Worse Overall Recoverability
Pino, G. D., Pellegrino, G., Capone, F., Assenza, G., Florio, L., Falato, E., Lotti, F., & Lazzaro, V. D. (2015) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968315583721 · Cited by 40
Impact of low mini-mental status on health outcome up to 5 years after stroke: the Erlangen Stroke Project
Liman, T. G., Heuschmann, P. U., Endres, M., Flöel, A., Schwab, S., & Kolominsky-Rabas, P. L. (2012) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-011-6312-6 · Cited by 39
Self-citation

Authors: Kolominsky-Rabas, P. L., Weber, M., Gefeller, O., Neundoerfer, B., & Heuschmann, P. U.
Affiliations: From the Unit for Stroke Research and Public Health Medicine, Department of Neurology (P.L.K.-R., M.W., B.N., P.U.H.) and Department of Epidemiology (O.G.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
ORCID: Gefeller, Olaf
Heuschmann, Peter U.
Venue: Stroke
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2001-12
Volume: 32
Issue: 12
Pages: 2735-2740
ISSN: 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
1524-4628
DOI: 10.1161/hs1201.100209
OpenAlex: W2049663681
Cited by: 1,281
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 93 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 69
FWCI: 12.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Stroke (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
Keywords: ischemic stroke, TOAST classification, stroke subtypes, cardiac embolism, small artery occlusion, large artery atherosclerosis, stroke incidence, stroke recurrence, long-term survival, sex differences, Erlangen
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Ischemia, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Observer Variation, Comorbidity, Incidence, Survival Rate, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Survivors, Stroke

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes According to TOAST Criteria: Incidence, Recurrence, and Long-Term Survival in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: A Population-Based Study

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks