Intensified Effect of Adiposity on Blood Pressure in Overweight and Obese Children
Open accessAbstract
In children, blood pressure (BP) and risk for hypertension are proportional to degree of adiposity. Whether the relationship to BP is similar over the full range of adiposity is less clear. Subjects from a cohort study (n=1111; 50% male and 42% black) contributed 9102 semiannual BP and height/weight assessments. The mean enrollment age was 10.2 years, and mean follow-up was 4.5 years. Adiposity was expressed as body mass index percentile, which accounted for effects of age and sex. The following observations were made. The effect of relative adiposity on BP was minimal until the body mass index percentile reached 85, beginning of the overweight category, at which point the effect of adiposity on BP increased by 4-fold. Similarly intensified adiposity effects on BP were observed in children aged ≤10, 11 to 14 years, and ≥15 years. Serum levels of the adipose tissue-derived hormone, leptin, together with heart rate, showed an almost identically patterned relation to BP to that of body mass index percentile and BP, thus implicating a possible mediating role for leptin. In conclusion, there is a marked intensification of the influence of adiposity on BP when children reach the categories of overweight and obese. Among the possible pathways, leptin may be a potentially important mediator acting through the sympathetic nervous system (reflected in heart rate). The findings have relevance to interventions designed to prevent or treat adiposity-related increases in BP and to the analytic approaches used in epidemiological studies.
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Excess adiposity is the strongest known risk factor for hypertension in male and female subjects of different ages and races.
“The close relationship between excess adipose mass and hypertension is well documented, with population-based studies showing excess adiposity as the strongest known risk factor for hypertension in male and female subjects of different ages and races (1–5).”
From Obesity-Associated Hypertension: Recent Progress in Deciphering the Pathogenesis (2014) · cites this paper as [3]
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Masocha, V., Monyeki, M. A., & Czyż, S. H. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.9331 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Childhood Role in Development of Primary Hypertension
Falkner, B. E. (2018) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpy058 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Izadi, A., Khedmat, L., Tavakolizadeh, R., & Mojtahedi, S. Y. (2020) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01245-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
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Effect of Regular Circus Physical Exercises on Lymphocytes in Overweight Children
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Childhood Obesity and Blood Pressure
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Adiposity Has Unique Influence on the Renin-Aldosterone Axis and Blood Pressure in Black Children
Yu, Z., Eckert, G. J., Liu, H., Pratt, J. H., & Tu, W. (2013) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.06.082 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationAnti, E., Laurent, J. S., & Tompkins, C. L. (2015) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.05.003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Association between general and central adiposity and development of hypertension in early childhood
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Öztürk, C., Aparcı, M., Karaduman, M., Balta, Ş., Celık, T., & İyisoy, A. (2015) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/0003319715573102 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Welche Faktoren in der Kindheit beeinflussenden Blutdruck im Erwachsenenalter?
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The effect of body mass index on blood pressure varies by race among obese children
Hannon, T. S., Gupta, S. K., Li, Z., Eckert, G. J., Carroll, A. E., Pratt, J. H., & Tu, W. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2014-0225 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationManagement of blood pressure in children
Malatesta-Muncher, R., & Mitsnefes, M. M. (2012) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0b013e328351c415 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Role of dietary therapies in the prevention and treatment of hypertension
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Tocci, N. D., Collier, S. R., & Meucci, M. (2021) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14852 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Prevalence of Hypertension and Obesity-related Hypertension in Urban School-aged Children in Rasht.
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Model selection in multivariate semiparametric regression
Li, Z., Liu, H., & Tu, W. (2017) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280217690769 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationChavez, J. R., Garcia, L. M., Jehn, M., Pereira, M. A., & Bruening, M. M. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980019004294 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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Comparison of nonlinear curves and surfaces
Zhao, S., Bakoyannis, G., Lourens, S. G., & Tu, W. (2020) · Computational Statistics & Data Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.csda.2020.106987 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationTselha, N., Shimrah, C., Kulshreshtha, M., & Devi, N. K. (2019) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2019.05.016 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Variable selection and nonlinear effect discovery in partially linear mixture cure rate models
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Self-citationVerma, M., Rajput, M., Sahoo, S. S., Kaur, N., Rohilla, R., Sharma, R., & Sharma, B. (2015) · International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Blood pressure effects of adiposity in non-overweight children aged 6–17 years
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Epidemiology of hypertension in children
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Liu, W. J., Xiong, L. H., Guo, C. S., Bai, L., Pallan, M. J., Griffin, T. L., Cheng, K. K., & Adab, P. (2017) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2017.67 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cardiometabolic risks related to obesity severity in children and adolescents: a commentary
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Robust Nonparametric Estimation of Monotone Regression Functions With Interval-Censored Observations
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Self-citationHypertension in adolescents and young adults at a tertiary clinic in Cape Town, South Africa
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Development of a pediatric body mass index using longitudinal single-index models
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Non-pharmacologic Treatment of Pediatric Hypertension
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Body adiposity is associated with risk of high blood pressure in Portuguese schoolchildren
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Epidemiology of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease in Children and Adolescents
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Epidemiology of Essential Hypertension in Children
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- Authors
- Tu, W., Eckert, G. J., DiMeglio, L. A., Yu, Z., Jung, J., & Pratt, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Regenstrief Institute (US)
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 818-824
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- PMC
- PMC3433397
- OpenAlex
- W2099256628
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 8.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl095086-04)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01-HL095086, RO1-HL095086)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- childhood obesity, overweight, blood pressure, adiposity, body mass index percentiles, leptin, heart rate, hypertension risk, sympathetic nervous system, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Anthropometry, Blood Pressure Determination, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Obesity, Radioimmunoassay, United States, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Leptin, Adiposity, Overweight
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