The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
LDL Cholesterol and the Development of Stroke Subtypes and Coronary Heart Disease in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study
Abstract
Background and Purpose— Although the relation between serum LDL cholesterol level and coronary heart disease (CHD) is well established, its relation with stroke subtypes is less clear. Methods— A total of 2351 inhabitants age ≥40 years in a Japanese community were followed up for 19 years. Results— During follow-up, 271 subjects developed stroke and 144 developed CHD. Whereas the age- and sex-adjusted incidences of CHD significantly increased with increasing LDL cholesterol levels ( P for trend <0.001), the associations between LDL cholesterol level and the incidences of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were not significant. The age- and sex-adjusted incidences of atherothrombotic infarctions (ATIs) and lacunar infarctions (LIs) significantly increased with increasing LDL cholesterol level ( P for trend=0.03 for ATIs and=0.02 for LIs), but no such association was observed for cardioembolic infarction. After multivariate adjustment, the positive associations of LDL cholesterol level with the risks of ATI and CHD remained significant ( P for trend=0.02 for ATIs and=0.03 for CHD), whereas the association with LIs was not significant. The risk of ATI significantly increased in the fourth quartile of LDL cholesterol compared with the first quartile (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio=2.84; 95% CI, 1.17 to 6.93). The multivariate-adjusted risks for developing nonembolic infarction (ATIs and LIs) and CHD were significantly elevated in the groups with elevated LDL cholesterol values with and without the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions— Our findings suggest that an elevated LDL cholesterol level is a significant risk factor for developing ATI as well as CHD, and these associations are independent of the metabolic syndrome.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“the increase in hazard ratio for the CAD incidence and mortality following an elevation in LDL-C has been validated in cohort studies involving the Japanese36–40).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“An elevated LDL-C level also increased the risk for cerebral thrombosis (except lacunar infarction) among the subtypes of ischemic stroke36).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“among stroke cases, the percentage of atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease in which LDL-C was a risk factor is approximately 20%36)”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“LDL-C is also a risk factor for atherothrombotic cerebral infarction36), and the effectiveness of statins to decrease the incidence of atherothrombotic cerebral infarction was confirmed in a Japanese population by the J-STARS study619).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“The results of the Hisayama study, which investigated cerebral infarction risk by type, demonstrated that the LDL-C level is a risk factor for atherothrombotic cerebral infarction.”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“However, the results of epidemiological studies conducted in Japan have indicated that there is no significant relationship between the serum cholesterol levels (TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C) and the incidence rate of noncardiogenic cerebral infarction36, 38, 40, 57, 64, 78, 337).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“However, the LDL-C level is not related to the incidence of other types of cerebral infarction36).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
Citations
Cites
Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I., & Fredrickson, D. S. (1972) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499 · Cited by 32,423
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011
Adams, H. P., Bendixen, B. H., Kappelle, L. J., Biller, J., Love, B. B., Gordon, D., & Marsh, E. E. (1993) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.24.1.35 · Cited by 12,350
Yokoyama, M., Origasa, H., Matsuzaki, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Saito, Y., Ishikawa, Y., Oikawa, S., Sasaki, J., Hishida, H., Itakura, H., et al. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60527-3 · Cited by 2,516
Incidence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in older adults
Psaty, B. M., Manolio, T. A., Kuller, L. H., Kronmal, R. A., Cushman, M., Fried, L. P., White, R., Furberg, C. D., & Rautaharju, P. M. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.7.2455 · Cited by 1,462
Lacunar strokes and infarcts: A review
Fisher, C. M. (1982) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.32.8.871 · Cited by 1,179
Iso, H., Jacobs, D. R., Wentworth, D. N., Neaton, J. D., & Cohen, J. D. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198904063201405 · Cited by 1,130
Nakamura, H., Arakawa, K., Itakura, H., Kitabatake, A., Goto, Y., Toyota, T., Nakaya, N., Nishimoto, S., Muranaka, M., Yamamoto, A., et al. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69472-5 · Cited by 941
Lipoproteins, Cardiovascular Disease, and Death
Gordon, T. (1981) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1981.00340090024008 · Cited by 565
Cerebral Embolism Task Force (1986) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1986.00520010065026 · Cited by 554
Criteria and classification of obesity in Japan and Asia-Oceania.
Kanazawa, M., Yoshi-ike, N., Osaka, T., Numba, Y., Zimmet, P., & Inoue, S. (2005) · World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1159/000088200 · Cited by 468
Kubo, M., Kiyohara, Y., Kato, I., Tanizaki, Y., Arima, H., Tanaka, K., Nakamura, H., Okubo, K., & Iida, M. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000090348.52943.a2 · Cited by 408
Self-citationLindenstrom, E., Boysen, G., & Nyboe, J. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6946.11 · Cited by 370
Tanizaki, Y., Kiyohara, Y., Kato, I., Iwamoto, H., Nakayama, K., Shinohara, N., Arima, H., Tanaka, K., Ibayashi, S., & Fujishima, M. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.11.2616 · Cited by 346
Self-citationShahar, E., Chambless, L. E., Rosamond, W. D., Boland, L. L., Ballantyne, C. M., McGovern, P. G., & Sharrett, A. R. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000057812.51734.ff · Cited by 325
HDL-Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol, and the Risk of Stroke in Middle-Aged British Men
Wannamethee, S. G., Shaper, A. G., & Ebrahim, S. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.8.1882 · Cited by 220
Psaty, B. M., Anderson, M. L., Kronmal, R. A., Tracy, R. P., Orchard, T. J., Fried, L. P., Lumley, T., Robbins, J. A., Burke, G. L., Newman, A. B., et al. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52455.x · Cited by 208
Crouse, J. R., Goldbourt, U., Evans, G., Pinsky, J. L., Sharrett, A. R., Sorlie, P. D., Riley, W. A., & HEISS, G. M. (1996) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.27.1.69 · Cited by 203
Konishi, M., Iso, H., Komachi, Y., Iida, M., Shimamoto, T., Jacobs, D. R., Terao, A., Baba, S., Sankai, T., & Ito, M. (1993) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.24.7.954 · Cited by 203
Self-citationNinomiya, T., Kubo, M., Doi, Y., Yonemoto, K., Tanizaki, Y., Rahman, M. M., Arima, H., Tsuryuya, K., Iida, M., & Kiyohara, Y. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.106.479642 · Cited by 199
Self-citationOkamura, T., Tanaka, H., Miyamatsu, N., Hayakawa, T., Kadowaki, T., Kita, Y., Nakamura, Y., Okayama, A., & Ueshima, H. (2007) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.01.024 · Cited by 172
Briel, M., Studer, M., Glass, T. R., & Bucher, H. C. (2004) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.04.022 · Cited by 134
Ueda, K., Hasuo, Y., Kiyohara, Y., Wada, J., Kawano, H., Kato, I., Fujii, I., Yanai, T., Omae, T., & Fujishima, M. (1988) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.19.1.48 · Cited by 131
Self-citationCriteria and classification of obesity in Japan and Asia‐Oceania
Kanazawa, M., Yoshi-ike, N., Osaka, T., Numba, Y., Zimmet, P., & Inoue, S. (2002) · Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1046/j.1440-6047.11.s8.19.x · Cited by 130
High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Risk of Stroke in Japanese Men and Women: The Oyabe Study
Soyama, Y., Miura, K., Morikawa, Y., Nishijo, M., Nakanishi, Y., Naruse, Y., Kagamimori, S., & Nakagawa, H. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000060869.34009.38 · Cited by 128
Distribution of atherosclerosis and risk factors in atherothrombotic occlusion.
Yasaka, M., Yamaguchi, T., & Shichiri, M. (1993) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.24.2.206 · Cited by 95
Blood Lipids in Brain Infarction Subtypes
Amarenco, P., Labreuche, J., Elbaz, A., Touboul, P., Driss, F., Jaillard, A. S., & Bruckert, É. (2006) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000093237 · Cited by 59
Antihypertensive medications: relative effectiveness and adverse reactions
Moser, M. (1990) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199006002-00003 · Cited by 57
Jeppesen, J., Hansen, T. W., Rasmussen, S. L., Ibsen, H., & Torp-Pedersen, C. T. (2006) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.12.010 · Cited by 49
Plasma lipoproteins in cortical versus lacunar infarction.
Adams, R. J., Carroll, R. M., Nichols, F. T., McNair, N., Feldman, D. S., FELDMAN, E. B., & Thompson, W. O. (1989) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.20.4.448 · Cited by 44
Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in subtypes of stroke
Lindgren, A. G., Nilsson‐Ehle, P., Norrving, B. G., & Johansson, B. B. (1992) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05489.x · Cited by 33
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Blaha, M. J., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., Deo, R., de Ferranti, S. D., Floyd, J., Fornage, M., Gillespie, C., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000485 · Cited by 12,591
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., et al. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000757 · Cited by 9,175
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Muntner, P., Alonso, A., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Das, S. R., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000659 · Cited by 9,036
Heart disease and stroke statistics-2018 update: a report from the american heart association
Benjamin, E. J., Virani, S. S., Callaway, C. W., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Delling, F. N., Deo, R., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000558 · Cited by 7,146
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Aparicio, H. J., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., et al. (2021) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000950 · Cited by 5,784
Metadata
- Authors
- Imamura, T., Doi, Y., Arima, H., Yonemoto, K., Hata, J., Kubo, M., Tanizaki, Y., Ibayashi, S., Iida, M., & Kiyohara, Y.
- Affiliations
- Kyushu University (JP)
- Venue
- Stroke
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 382-388
- ISSN
- 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4628
- OpenAlex
- W2053503164
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 13.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Stroke (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- H2020 European Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- LDL cholesterol, stroke subtypes, coronary artery disease, atherothrombotic infarction, lacunar infarction, cardioembolic stroke, metabolic syndrome, stroke risk factors, Japanese population
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Japan, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Terminology as Topic, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Cohort Studies, Stroke
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
