Residual Risk of Stroke and Death in Anticoagulated Patients According to the Type of Atrial Fibrillation: AMADEUS Trial
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure frequently coexist and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We investigated the prognosis of anticoagulated patients with permanent AF and nonpermanent AF according to preexisting heart failure in the AMADEUS (Evaluating the Use of SR34006 Compared to Warfarin or Acenocoumarol in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) trial. METHODS: The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death and stroke or systemic embolism, analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for baseline age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, creatinine, and previous cardiovascular diseases. The median follow-up was 11.6 months (interquartile range, 6.2-15.2). RESULTS: Nonpermanent AF was present in 2072 patients (46% of cohort), of which 339 (16%) had preexisting heart failure. A total of 2484 patients had permanent AF (54% of cohort), with a higher burden of heart failure including 730 patients (29%; P<0.001). Overall, death because of cardiovascular causes occurred in 57 patients and 45 had stroke or systemic embolism (1.4/100 person-years for each). Overall, the adjusted incidence of the composite outcome was higher in patients with permanent AF than in patients with nonpermanent AF. In multivariate analysis, permanency of AF, creatinine, prior cerebrovascular events, and previous coronary disease were independently associated with the primary outcome. The hazard ratio for permanent versus nonpermanent AF was 1.68 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.55; P=0.02). The presence of heart failure increased the risk of adverse outcomes in a similar way in both permanent and nonpermanent AF (interaction P value=0.76). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of cardiovascular death, stroke, or systemic embolism is higher in anticoagulated patients with permanent AF than in those with nonpermanent AF, regardless of preexisting heart failure.
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A minority of deaths in AF are related to stroke, while sudden cardiac death and death from progressive heart failure are more frequent.
“A minority of these deaths are related to stroke, while sudden cardiac death and death from progressive heart failure are more frequent, emphasizing the need for interventions beyond anticoagulation.43,44”
From 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS (2016) · cites this paper as [44]
There is some evidence suggesting that AF burden may influence stroke risk.
“There is some evidence suggesting that AF burden may influence stroke risk 44,124,164 and could modify the response to rhythm control therapy.76,165”
From 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS (2016) · cites this paper as [44]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Senoo, K., Lip, G. Y. H., Lane, D. A., Büller, H. R., & Kotecha, D.
- Affiliations
- Birmingham City Hospital (GB)
- From the University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Department, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom (K.S., G.Y.H.L., D.A.L., D.K.); Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (G.Y.H.L.); and Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.R.B.).
- Venue
- Stroke
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2523-2528
- ISSN
- 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4628
- OpenAlex
- W2152235423
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 6.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Stroke (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Sanofi
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (CL-2012-09-001)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- atrial fibrillation, permanent atrial fibrillation, heart failure, anticoagulation, cardiovascular mortality, systemic embolism, warfarin, acenocoumarol, prognosis, creatinine, cerebrovascular events, coronary disease
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anticoagulants, Atrial Fibrillation, Chronic Disease, Embolism, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Failure, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Risk, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Comorbidity, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Stroke
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