Systematic review of the evidence for stroke family caregiver and dyad interventions
Open accessAbstract
Stroke family caregiver and dyad literature has expanded over the past few years. The purpose of this review was to build upon 2 prior systematic reviews to critique, analyze, and synthesize the evidence pertaining to the impact of family caregiver and dyad interventions on stroke survivor and family caregiver outcomes. CINAHL, PsychINFO, PubMed, and reference lists were searched from December 1, 2016 through March 31, 2021. Using PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), articles were identified that tested outcomes from stroke family caregiver or dyad interventions that targeted the health or well-being of family caregivers. Data from the articles were abstracted into tables for analysis, then compared with recommendations from the 2 prior systematic reviews. A total of 18 articles met inclusion criteria (10 caregiver interventions; 8 dyad interventions) representing sample sizes ranging from 7 to 349 caregivers or dyads. Most were randomized controlled trials (n=13); 2 were cluster randomized trials; and 3 were single-group quasi-experimental designs. Of the 18 studies, 8 had <50 caregivers or dyads and 5 were small feasibility studies that reported data trends rather than testing for significance. Only 6 studies reported significant survivor outcomes. Eleven studies reported significant caregiver outcomes, the most common being burden. A number of survivor and caregiver outcomes were not significant, or only significant for certain subgroups. The limited number of studies, small sample sizes, and conflicting results, made it difficult to draw firm conclusions regarding the impact of these interventions on outcomes. Based on the available evidence from these 18 studies, recommendations from the 2 prior reviews were generally supported. Well-designed and well-powered randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed to confirm efficacy of stroke family caregiver and dyad interventions.
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Structured psychoeducational interventions can meaningfully reduce burden.
“Despite these compounding pressures, spirituality and religious coping serve protective functions for MENA caregivers, and structured psychoeducational interventions can meaningfully reduce burden (Shannonhouse et al., 2023; Bakas et al., 2022).”
From Cultural stigma and caregiver burden among family caregivers of people with nervous system disorders in the Middle East and North Africa: A mixed-methods systematic review (2026) · cites this paper as Bakas et al., 2022
Spirituality and religious coping serve protective functions for MENA caregivers.
“Despite these compounding pressures, spirituality and religious coping serve protective functions for MENA caregivers, and structured psychoeducational interventions can meaningfully reduce burden (Shannonhouse et al., 2023; Bakas et al., 2022).”
From Cultural stigma and caregiver burden among family caregivers of people with nervous system disorders in the Middle East and North Africa: A mixed-methods systematic review (2026) · cites this paper as Bakas et al., 2022
The Results section discusses stroke caregivers’ burden and intervention outcomes, but does not address spirituality or religious coping. Searches for MENA caregivers and related terms found no passage in our copy supporting a protective function for that population. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Keihani, A., McLeod, K. M., Ren, X., & Parkhouse, A. R. (2026) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2026.103538
“Despite these compounding pressures, spirituality and religious coping serve protective functions for MENA caregivers, and structured psychoeducational interventions can meaningfully reduce burden (Shannonhouse et al., 2023; Bakas et al., 2022).”
- Authors
- Bakas, T., McCarthy, M. J., & Miller, E. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Northern Arizona University (US)
- Venue
- Stroke
- Published
- 2022-06
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2093-2102
- ISSN
- 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4628
- PMC
- PMC9133104
- OpenAlex
- W4221013568
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Stroke (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Northern Arizona University
- National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR010388, K01NR008712, R21NR016992)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- family caregivers, caregiver interventions, caregiver burden, stroke survivors, caregiver well-being, intervention efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Caregivers, Survivors, Stroke
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