The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Workers, Machines, and Economic Growth
Abstract
This paper analyzes a model of economic growth, with technological innovations that reduce labor requirements but raise capital requirements. The paper has two main results. The first is that such technological innovations are not everywhere adopted, but only in countries with high productivity. The second result is that technology adoption significantly amplifies differences in productivity between countries. This paper can, therefore, add to our understanding of large and persistent international differences in output per capita. The model also helps to explain other growth phenomena, like divergence or periods of rapid growth.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
On the mechanics of economic development
Lucas, R. E. (1988) · Journal of Monetary Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7 · Cited by 24,085
The Penn World Table (Mark 5): An Expanded Set of International Comparisons, 1950-1988
Summers, R., & Heston, A. (1991) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2937941 · Cited by 3,429
Cited by
Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets
Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2020) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/705716 · Cited by 4,088
Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings
Acemoglu, D., & Autor, D. (2011) · Handbook of Labor Economics · doi:10.1016/s0169-7218(11)02410-5 · Cited by 3,799
Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2018) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20160696 · Cited by 3,121
Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor
Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2019) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.33.2.3 · Cited by 2,612
Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings
Acemoglu, D., & Autor, D. (2010) · doi:10.3386/w16082 · Cited by 2,180
Distance to Frontier, Selection, and Economic Growth
Acemoglu, D., Aghion, P., & Zilibotti, F. (2006) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1162/jeea.2006.4.1.37 · Cited by 1,507
Tasks, automation, and the rise in U.S. wage inequality
Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2022) · Econometrica · doi:10.3982/ecta19815 · Cited by 715
Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work
Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2018) · doi:10.3386/w24196 · Cited by 962
The wrong kind of AI? Artificial intelligence and the future of labour demand
Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2020) · Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society · doi:10.1093/cjres/rsz022 · Cited by 634
Blanchard, O. J., Nordhaus, W. D., & Phelps, E. S. (1997) · Brookings Papers on Economic Activity · doi:10.2307/2534687 · Cited by 588
Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2022) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1093/restud/rdab031 · Cited by 586
Ji, H., Han, I., & Ko, Y. (2023) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2022.2142873 · Cited by 394
Uneven growth: automation’s impact on income and wealth inequality
Moll, B., Rachel, L., & Restrepo, P. (2022) · Econometrica · doi:10.3982/ecta19417 · Cited by 148
The Effects of Automation on Labor Demand
Aghion, P., Antonin, C., Bunel, S., & Jaravel, X. (2022) · Robots and AI · doi:10.4324/9781003275534-2 · Cited by 58
AI, robots and innovation in European SMEs
Segarra-Blasco, A., Tomàs-Porres, J., & Teruel, M. (2025) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-025-01017-2 · Cited by 49
Metadata
- Authors
- Zeira, J.
- Venue
- The Quarterly Journal of Economics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-11-01
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1091-1117
- ISSN
- 0033-5533 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-4650
- OpenAlex
- W2006558343
- Cited by
- 557
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 3.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.