Cross-Country Variation in the Impact of International Migration: Canada, Mexico, and the United States
Abstract
Using data drawn from the Canadian, Mexican, and U.S. censuses, we find a numerically comparable and statistically significant inverse relation between immigrant-induced shifts in labor supply and wages in each of the three countries: A 10% labor supply shift is associated with a 3%–4% opposite-signed change in wages. Despite the similarity in the wage response, the impact of migration on the wage structure differs significantly across countries. International migration narrowed wage inequality in Canada; increased it in the United States; and reduced the relative wage of workers at the bottom of the skill distribution in Mexico.
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“This paper contributes to the recently revived literature analyzing the impact of immigration within a labor market equilibrium framework fully accounting for the interactions between production factors (Aydemir and Borjas, 2007; Borjas, 2003; Manacorda et al., 2006; Ottaviano and Peri, 2008; Peri, 2007).”
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“…response of native workers’ wages to immigration, and documents a more sizable negative effect when considering the national U.S. labor market for workers of different skills, accounting for internal migration or correcting measurement issues (Borjas 2003, 2006; Aydemir and Borjas 2007, 2011).”
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“1 Borjas (2003), Mishra (2007) and Aydemir and Borjas (2007) among others use a similar strategy to estimate the impact of the share of immigrants on wages.”
BackgroundThe Economic Consequences of the International Migration of Labor
Hanson, G. (2009) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.143247 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
“In the United States and Canada, the difference in earnings between highskilled and low-skilled workers is much greater than in continental Europe; this difference Table 2 Share of OECD immigrants by sending region, 2000a Share of immigrants by OECD receiving region Change in OECD share Low-income sending region All O…”
InfluentialGreen, D. A., & Worswick, C. (2011) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2011.11.002 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Joint impacts of immigration on wages and employment: review and meta-analysis
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“(1996, 1997); Card (2001); Borjas (2003); Aydemir and Borjas (2007) for the US; Pope and Withers (1993); Addison and Worswick (2002) for Australia; Maré and Stillman (2009) for New Zealand; Akbari and Devoretz (1992); Aydemir and Borjas (2007) for Canada; De New and Zimmermann (1994); Pischke and Velling (1997); Winte…”
BackgroundTHE IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON THE LABOR MARKET
Edo, A. (2018) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.12300 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“…result implies that selective migration policies toward low-educated workers will tend to increase wage inequality between high- and loweducated native workers, while selective policies in favor of high-educated immigration will tend to reduce it (Aydemir and Borjas, 2007; Edo and Toubal, 2015).”
InfluentialImmigration Economics by George J. Borjas: A Review Essay
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Immigration and Wages: Evidence from Construction
Bratsberg, B., & Raaum, O. (2012) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02540.x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Hanson, G., & McIntosh, C. (2010) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00031 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“…natives who fail to complete high school according to birth year (where the number of high school dropouts is measured the first time a cohort is observed after age 19).10 U.S. high school dropouts are the group that Mexican immigrants appear mostly likely to compete with (Aydemir & Borjas, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Effect of Emigration from Poland on Polish Wages
Dustmann, C., Frattini, T., & ROSSO, A. C. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/sjoe.12102 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“Our results are thus in line with those found by Aydemir and Borjas (2007)”
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The impact of mass migration of Syrians on the Turkish labor market
Aksu, E., Erzan, R., & KIRDAR, M. G. (2022) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102183 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
International Migration and the Developing World
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Borjas, G. J., Grogger, J. T., & Hanson, G. (2012) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1111/j.1542-4774.2011.01055.x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“As an example, Card (2009) argues that the effects of immigrants on US wages are small, whereas Borjas (2003) and Aydemir and Borjas (2007) suggest the opposite, that recent immigration has reduced US wages, particularly for low-skilled natives.”
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Adelman, R. M., Reid, L. W., Markle, G. L., Weiß, S., & Jaret, C. (2016) · Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/15377938.2016.1261057 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
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Gindling, T. H. (2008) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.01.013 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“” There have been more studies on the impact of emigration from a developing country on the labor market of the migrant sending country (for example, Aydemir and Borjas, 2007 and Hanson, 2007). 5 A comprehensive description of the characteristics of Nicaraguan immigrants in Costa Rica can be found in Marquette (2006).”
The Effect of Immigration on Wages
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“Even though the finding of similar OLS estimates to those in Borjas (2003) for the United States and in Aydemir and Borjas (2007, 2011) for Canada suggests that the effect of immigration on wages is similar in the two countries, the estimation of y after restricting the second stage sample to a…”
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Elsner, B. (2012) · Journal of Population Economics · doi:10.1007/s00148-012-0452-6 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“The magnitude of the effect is larger than in previous studies (Mishra 2007; Aydemir and Borjas 2007), which looked at the long-run effect.”
Labor Outflows and Labor Inflows in Puerto Rico
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“Aydemir and Borjas (2007) analyze the wage effects of immigration in Canada, Mexico and the US, employing a production function framework and using disaggregated micro data.”
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The Labor Market Impact of Immigration in Western Germany in the 1990'sPreprint
Ottaviano, G. I. P., D’Amuri, F., & Peri, G. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1105317 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
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Dustmann, C., & Preston, I. P. (2019) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-025843 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“A smaller literature investigates effects on wages in sending countries (see, for example, Aydemir and Borjas 2007 and Dustmann, Frattini and Rosso 2015).”
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Felbermayr, G. J., Grossmann, V., & Köhler, W. (2015) · Handbook of the economics of international migration · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53768-3.00018-7 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
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Edo, A., & Hillel Rapoport, C. (2019) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2019.101753 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“, Aydemir and Borjas (2007); Borjas, Grogger, and Hanson (2010); Cortes (2008); Bratsberg, Raaum, Røed, and Schøne (2014).14 Over the period we cover, the share of male immigrants in the labor force increased from 14.”
InfluentialSkilled migration and economic performances: Evidence from OECD countries
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“Up to now economists focused a lot, both theoretically and empirically, on the labor markets e¤ects of immigration (Card 2001, 2005; Borjas 2003, Aydemir and Borjas 2007, Ottaviano and Peri 2008), because the e¤ects of immigration have been considered passing mainly throught the labor market, but…”
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Steinhardt, M. F. (2011) · The B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy · doi:10.2202/1935-1682.2615 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“In a recent paper this approach was used for cross-country comparison between the US, Canada and Mexico, finding similar responses in wages and significant differences in changes of the wage structure across countries (Aydemir and Borjas 2007).”
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Self-citationAttracting Skilled Immigrants: An Overview of Recent Policy Developments in Advanced Countries
Giovanni Facchini, A., & Lodigiani, E. (2014) · National Institute Economic Review · doi:10.1177/002795011422900102 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Even if selection on the basis of skill requirements involves only a small proportion of the total number of migrants admitted by Western destination countries, there is some evidence suggesting that migrant-driven schemes have been successful in increasing the skill level of the average migrant (Aydemir and Borjas, 2…”
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Ortega, J., & Verdugo, G. (2014) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2014.05.002 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The Impact of Immigration on Wage Dynamics: Evidence from the Algerian Independence War
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“4This result echoes the studies by Aydemir and Borjas (2007); Docquier et al.”
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Immigration Wage Effects by Origin
Bratsberg, B., Raaum, O., Røed, M., et al. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/sjoe.12053 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“For Canada, Aydemir and Borjas (2007) have found an even stronger effect on relative wages from immigration.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAn Introduction to the Economics of Immigration in OECD Countries
Edo, A., Ragot, L., Hillel Rapoport, C., et al. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique · doi:10.1111/caje.12482 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“2010, Borjas 2014, Llull 2017) and for Canada (Aydemir and Borjas 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBRIDGING TRADE THEORY AND LABOUR ECONOMETRICS: THE EFFECTS OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION*
Gaston, N. G., & NELSON, D. R. (2011) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6419.2011.00696.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“It should be noted that Borjas has produced other papers showing essentially perfect substitutability and large effects (Aydemir and Borjas, 2007; Borjas et al., 2009).”
BackgroundThe Wage Impact of Immigration in Germany: New Evidence for Skill Groups and OccupationsPreprint
Steinhardt, M. F. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1392862 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The Impact of Emigration on Source Country Wages: Evidence from the Republic of Moldova
Bouton, L., Paul, S., & Tiongson, E. R. (2011) · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-5764 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“In addition, following Mishra (2007) and Aydemir and Borjas (2008), we also estimated the baseline regression model for a sample of men only, separate from a sample of women to address potential selection issues.”
InfluentialThe Impact of Immigration on Native Wages and Employment
Edo, A. (2015) · The B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy · doi:10.1515/bejeap-2014-0075 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“The gap between the estimated coefficients is consistent with the prevalence of measurement bias in the computation of the immigrant share (Aydemir and Borjas 2011). Finally, the negative effect on native employment persists even when the sample with six education groups is used. This illustrates that the displacement…”
InfluentialSelective Immigration Policies and Wages Inequality
Edo, A., & Farid Toubal, B. (2014) · Review of International Economics · doi:10.1111/roie.12163 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“This is consistent with the results of Borjas (2003), Aydemir and Borjas (2007) and Borjas and Katz (2007) who employ a structural labor market equilibrium approach and find an overall negative short-term impact on wages by 3% for the USA.”
Restrictive immigration policy in Germany: pains and gains foregone?
Felbermayr, G. J., Geis, W., & Köhler, W. (2010) · Review of World Economics · doi:10.1007/s10290-009-0044-z · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Typically, researchers draw on census data (Borjas, 2003; Ottaviano & Peri, 2005, 2006; Aydemir and Borjas, 2007), or social security data (Bonin, 2005; Br ucker & Jahn, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe economic impact of east–west migration on the European Union
Kahanec, M., & Pytlíková, M. (2017) · Empirica · doi:10.1007/s10663-017-9370-x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Most of the existing empirical papers examine the impact of immigration by focusing only on labor market implications and on one or only a few receiving countries (e.g. Aydemir and Borjas 2007; Borjas 2003; Ottaviano and Peri 2008; Manacorda et al. 2012).”
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Gehrsitz, M., & Ungerer, M. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2887442 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Borjas (2003) and Aydemir and Borjas (2007), on the other hand, show substantial negative effects of immigration on natives’ labor market outcomes.”
Warman, C., & Worswick, C. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique · doi:10.1111/caje.12142 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Exchange Rates and Wages in an Integrated World
Mishra, P., & Spilimbergo, A. (2011) · American Economic Journal Macroeconomics · doi:10.1257/mac.3.4.53 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Immigration and the Wage Distribution in the United States
Lin, K.-H., & Weiss, I. (2019) · Demography · doi:10.1007/s13524-019-00828-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
South–South migration and the labor market: evidence from South Africa
Biavaschi, C., Giovanni Facchini, A., Mayda, A. M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lby010 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Aydemir and Borjas (2007) use the same methodology to compare the experience of two destination countries, i.”
Immigration and the Occupational Choice of Natives: A Factor Proportions ApproachPreprint
Ortega, J., & Verdugo, G. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1898565 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Do Immigrants Affect Firm‐Specific Wages?*
Malchow‐Møller, N., Munch, J. R., & Skaksen, J. R. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9442.2012.01720.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
South-South Migration and the Labor Market: Evidence from South AfricaPreprint
Giovanni Facchini, A., Mayda, A. M., & Mendola, M. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2054761 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Gang, J., Cheng, X., Kannaiah, D., et al. (2022) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/imig.12963 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Rising Wage Inequality and Postgraduate EducationPreprint
Lindley, J. K., & Machin, S. J. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1933338 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“For the US, see Aydemir and Borjas (2007) and for Britain see Manacorda, Manning a d Wadsworth (2012).”
BackgroundAydemir, A. B., & KIRDAR, M. G. (2017) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.07.005 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“An alternative approach exploits variation in the size of immigrant supply shocks across skill groups at the national level and reports much larger impacts (Borjas, Freeman, Katz 1992, 1996, 1997; Borjas 2003; Aydemir and Borjas 2007).”
BackgroundSelf-citationImmigration and the gender wage gap
Edo, A., & Farid Toubal, B. (2016) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2016.12.005 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“6see, e.g., Aydemir and Borjas (2007); Borjas and Katz (2007); Ottaviano and Peri (2012) for the United states, D’Amuri, Ottaviano, and Peri (2010); Felbermayr, Geis, and Kohler (2010); Brücker and Jahn (2011) for Germany, Gerfin and Kaiser (2010) for Switzerland, Manacorda, Manning, and Wadsworth…”
BackgroundResultImpact of Internal Migration on Labour Market Outcomes of Native Males in Thailand
Badaoui, E. E., Strobl, E., & Walsh, F. (2017) · HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · doi:10.7892/boris.109727 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Corak, M. (2016) · Canadian Public Policy · doi:10.3138/cpp.2016-056 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“…put limits on the growth of wages at the lower end of the skill distribution, probably having a disproportional impact on new entrants to the labour 42 market, the young and previous cohorts of immigrants (Aydemir and Borjas 2007, Institute for Competitiveness & Prosperity 2007, Worswick 2013).”
BackgroundDo Remittances Boost Economic Development - Evidence from Mexican States
Dallas, F. R. B. O., Orrenius, P. M., Madeline Zavodny, B., et al. (2010) · Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Working Papers · doi:10.24149/wp1007 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Macroeconomic Impacts of C anadian Immigration: Results from a Macro Model
Dungan, P., Fang, T., & Gunderson, M. (2012) · British Journal of Industrial Relations · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2012.00905.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The effects from Canada were from three studies: Akbari and Devoretz (1992), Gross (2004) and Aydemir and Borjas (2007).”
Black, R., Pantiru, M. C., Engbersen, G., & Okolski, M. (2010) · Amsterdam University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9789048510979 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sanderson, M. R. (2012) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2013.723244 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“…countries, including Norway, Sweden and Finland (Feridun 2004, 2005), the US (Borjas 1995, 2003; Ottaviano and Peri 2008), Canada and Mexico (Aydemir and Borjas 2007), the UK and Ireland (Barrell et al. 2010) and Greece (Cholezas and Tsakloglu 2009; Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies…”
BackgroundInfluentialBrücker, H., & Jahn, E. J. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1294546 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“These results contrast with the relatively low elasticities found by Ottaviano and Peri (2006) for the US, but do not support the finding that natives and migrants are perfect substitutes (Aydemir and Borjas, 2007).”
Annual Levels of Immigration and Immigrant Entry Earnings in Canada
Hou, F., & Picot, G. (2014) · Canadian Public Policy · doi:10.3138/cpp.2013-017 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A Theory of Political Entrenchment
Saint‐Paul, G., Ticchi, D., & Vindigni, A. (2014) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/ecoj.12215 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“, Barro, 1973; Ferejohn, 1986; Persson et al., 1997) repeated elections are su¢cient to provide incentives to politicians in power to refrain from appropriating too much rents. Term limits represent a harmful constraint since they force voters to replace politicians even if the latter have behaved well in o¢ce. As a r…”
InfluentialSports and Development: An Economic Perspective on the Impact of the 2010 World Cup in South Africa
Swinnen, J., & Vandemoortele, T. (2008) · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Four Decades of Canadian Earnings Inequality and Dynamics Across Workers and Firms
Bowlus, A. J., Gouin-Bonenfant, É., Liu, H., Lochner, L., & Park, Y. (2021) · Quantitative Economics · doi:10.3982/qe1846 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Do remittances boost economic development? Evidence from Mexican statesPreprint
Cañas, J., Coronado, R., Orrenius, P. M., et al. (2010) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Labor Market Competition with Immigrants and Political Polarization
Finseraas, H., Røed, M., & Schøne, P. (2017) · Quarterly Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1561/100.00016109 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“A set of papers analyzing US data conclude that there is a high level of substitution between natives and immigrants within these groups (Aydemir and Borjas, 2007; Borjas, 2003; Borjas et al., 2010; Jaeger, 1996), while others find indications of more imperfect substitution (Manacorda et al.”
BackgroundHow do rigid labor markets absorb immigration? Evidence from France
Edo, A. (2016) · IZA Journal of Migration · doi:10.1186/s40176-016-0055-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Migration and employment interactions in a crisis context
David, A., & Marouani, M. A. (2015) · Economics of Transition · doi:10.1111/ecot.12074 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“With a more detailed approach, Aydemir and Borjas (2007) show that due to the skill composition of the Mexican emigration, relative wages increased for the medium skilled and decreased for those at the bottom of the skill distribution. Moreover migration impacts the labour markets through remittances. McKenzie and Sas…”
Immigrant Workers and Farm Performance: Evidence from Matched Employer‐Employee Data
Malchow‐Møller, N., Munch, J. R., Seidelin, C. A., & Skaksen, J. R. (2013) · American Journal of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1093/ajae/aat010 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Examples of such analyses are Card (1990, 2001, 2005), Borjas et al. (1997), Pischke and Velling (1997), Borjas (2003, 2006), Angrist and Kugler (2003), Dustmann et al. (2005), Ottaviano and Peri (2012) and Aydemir and Borjas (2007).”
Auguste, D. (2018) · Sociological Forum · doi:10.1111/socf.12437 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…a scenario in Canada, where immigration policies tend to recruit workers from the high-skill end in their home countries, so that immigration has been associated with a reduction in the wage gap between high-skilled and low-skilled workers and reduced income inequality (Aydemir and Borjas 2007).”
BackgroundEstimating the impact of immigration on housing prices and housing affordability in New Zealand
Chanpiwat, N. (2013) · Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Stalder, P. (2010) · Zeitschrift für schweizerische Statistik und Volkswirtschaft/Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik/Swiss journal of economics and statistics · doi:10.1007/bf03399338 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Several authors, including Borjas (2003), Manacorda et al. (2006), D’Amuri et al. (2008), Ottaviano and Perry (2008) and Aydemir and Borjas (2007), have analyzed the effects of immigration on relative wages by estimating substitution elasticities between different types of labor in the framework of…”
BackgroundInfluentialFriberg, J. H. (2010) · Amsterdam University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9789048510979-002 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Temporary Migration for Long-Term Investment
Bossavie, L. L. Y., Görlach, J., Özden, Ç., et al. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-9740 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Economic Effects of Migration: Receiving States
Orrenius, P. M., & Madeline Zavodny, B. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195337228.013.0005 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cebolla‐Boado, H., & Busto, M. M. (2019) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/imig.12631 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Task specialization and the Native‐Foreign Wage Gap
Storm, E. (2022) · Labour · doi:10.1111/labr.12220 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Karoly, L. A., & Pérez‐Arce, F. (2016) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rr1397 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Impact of Foreign Workers on the Labour Market of Cyprus
Christofides, L. N., Clerides, S. K., Hadjiyiannis, C., et al. (2007) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wage and employment effects of immigration: Evidence from South Korea
Kim, H. (2021) · Journal of Demographic Economics · doi:10.1017/dem.2021.16 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Some studies suggest that immigration has a detrimental effect on native wages [Bonin (2005); Aydemir and Borjas (2007)], but other studies find insignificant impacts [Carrasco et al. (2008); Breunig et al. (2017)].”
Skilled Immigration, Innovation, and the Wages of Native‐Born Americans
Islam, A., Islam, F., & Châu, N. V. V. (2017) · Industrial Relations A Journal of Economy and Society · doi:10.1111/irel.12182 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“One line of empirical work that is associated with Borjas and some of his collaborators (Aydemir and Borjas 2007; Borjas, Grogger, and Hanson 2008, 2009) implicitly suggests that native and immigrant workers are perfectly interchangeable.”
BackgroundRegional Economic Impacts of Immigration: A ReviewPreprint
Longhi, S., Nijkamp, P. J., & Poot, J. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1422483 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…the US; Pope and Withers (1993), Addison and Worswick (2002) for Australia; Maré and Stillman (2009) for New Zealand; Akbari and Devoretz (1992), Aydemir and Borjas (2007) for Canada; De New and Zimmermann (1994), Pischke and Velling (1997), Winter-Ebmer and Zweimuller (1999), Gavosto et al.…”
BackgroundImmigration, Low Income and Income Inequality in Canada: What's New in the 2000s?Preprint
Picot, G., & Hou, F. (2014) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Four Decades of Canadian Earnings Inequality and Dynamics across Workers and Firms
Bowlus, A. J., Gouin-Bonenfant, É., Liu, H., Lochner, L., & Park, Y. (2021) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w28757 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Second, Aydemir and Borjas (2007) estimate that Canada’s focus on admitting high-skilled immigrants dampened its university earnings premium, while greater numbers of low-skilled immigrants led to an increase in the U.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe wage impacts of intensified immigration enforcement on native and immigrant workers
Luo, T., & Kostandini, G. (2022) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2022.2075539 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Confined to stay: Migration restrictions, natural disasters, and poverty
Cinque, A., Gehrke, E., & Reiners, L. (2025) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103605 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Immigration Selection and the Educational Composition of the US Labor Force
Hook, J. V., Bélanger, A., Sabourin, P., et al. (2020) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.1111/padr.12315 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Aydemir, A., & Borjas, G. J.
- Affiliations
- Statistics Canada (CA)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the European Economic Association
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-06-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 663-708
- ISSN
- 1542-4766 (ISSN-L)
- 1542-4774
- OpenAlex
- W2141954859
- Semantic Scholar
- 663af748643aef027db75d9ddee6b3d1d546d607
- Cited by
- 280
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 48.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the European Economic Association (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Global trade and economics
- Keywords
- international migration, labor supply, wage effects, wage inequality, skill differentials, cross-national comparison, Canada, Mexico, United States
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