Cited by 115Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesCognitive Abilities and TestingCognitive Functions and Memory

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From an Executive Network to Executive Control: A Computational Model of the n-back Task

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Chatham, Christopher H., Herd, Seth A., Brant, Angela M., Hazy, Thomas E., Miyake, Akira, O'Reilly, Randy, Friedman, Naomi P.·2011·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

DOI 10.1162/jocn_a_00047PMC PMC3269304

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Abstract

A paradigmatic test of executive control, the n-back task, is known to recruit a widely distributed parietal, frontal, and striatal "executive network," and is thought to require an equally wide array of executive functions. The mapping of functions onto substrates in such a complex task presents a significant challenge to any theoretical framework for executive control. To address this challenge, we developed a biologically constrained model of the n-back task that emergently develops the ability to appropriately gate, bind, and maintain information in working memory in the course of learning to perform the task. Furthermore, the model is sensitive to proactive interference in ways that match findings from neuroimaging and shows a U-shaped performance curve after manipulation of prefrontal dopaminergic mechanisms similar to that observed in studies of genetic polymorphisms and pharmacological manipulations. Our model represents a formal computational link between anatomical, functional neuroimaging, genetic, behavioral, and theoretical levels of analysis in the study of executive control. In addition, the model specifies one way in which the pFC, BG, parietal, and sensory cortices may learn to cooperate and give rise to executive control.

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“…enabled by executive functions that help stop prepotent responses, resolve interference, update working memory, shift mental sets, and coordinate multiple tasks (e.g., Friedman & Miyake, 2004; Logie, Cocchini, Delia Sala, & Baddeley, 2004; Salthouse, Atkinson, & Berish, 2003; Miyake et al., 2000).”
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Neuroimaging studies of working memory:
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Self-citation
Neurocomputational Models of Cognitive Control
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Authors: Chatham, C. H., Herd, S. A., Brant, A. M., Hazy, T. E., Miyake, A., O'Reilly, R., & Friedman, N. P.
Affiliations: University of Colorado Boulder (US)
ORCID: Herd, Seth A.
Brant, Angela M.
Miyake, Akira
Friedman, Naomi P.
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Publisher: MIT Press
Published: 2011-11-01
Volume: 23
Issue: 11
Pages: 3598-3619
ISSN: 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
1530-8898
DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00047
PMC: PMC3269304
OpenAlex: W2120528765
Cited by: 115
References: 80
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 3.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Explore Bristol Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH079485, R01MH063207, MH063207, MH079485, R56MH063207)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords: n-back task, executive function, executive network, computational model, working memory, proactive interference, prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, dopaminergic mechanisms, parietal cortex, striatum, information maintenance, task learning
MeSH terms: Brain, Computer Simulation, Humans, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Neuropsychological Tests, Executive Function

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From an Executive Network to Executive Control: A Computational Model of the n-back Task

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