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Hippocampal Structure Predicts Statistical Learning and Associative Inference Abilities during Development
Open accessAbstract
Despite the importance of learning and remembering across the lifespan, little is known about how the episodic memory system develops to support the extraction of associative structure from the environment. Here, we relate individual differences in volumes along the hippocampal long axis to performance on statistical learning and associative inference tasks—both of which require encoding associations that span multiple episodes—in a developmental sample ranging from ages 6 to 30 years. Relating age to volume, we found dissociable patterns across the hippocampal long axis, with opposite nonlinear volume changes in the head and body. These structural differences were paralleled by performance gains across the age range on both tasks, suggesting improvements in the cross-episode binding ability from childhood to adulthood. Controlling for age, we also found that smaller hippocampal heads were associated with superior behavioral performance on both tasks, consistent with this region's hypothesized role in forming generalized codes spanning events. Collectively, these results highlight the importance of examining hippocampal development as a function of position along the hippocampal axis and suggest that the hippocampal head is particularly important in encoding associative structure across development.
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“Pattern recognition is a neural mechanism for gist extraction and schema formation in mice 1 and humans 119,120 .”
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“Although older children and adults did not differ in our study, previous studies reported an increase in associative inference or detection of recurring patterns from age 6 to 14 15. Generalization may continue to change during middle childhood.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schlichting, M. L., Guarino, K. F., Schapiro, A. C., Turk-Browne, N. B., & Preston, A. R.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- 3Princeton University
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press
- Published
- 2017-01-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-51
- ISSN
- 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8898
- PMC
- PMC5130612
- OpenAlex
- W2508031728
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 8.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Texas at Austin
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH100121)
- National Eye Institute (R01EY021755)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD083785)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- hippocampal development, hippocampal volume, hippocampal head, statistical learning, associative inference, episodic memory, individual differences, lifespan development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Association, Child, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Organ Size, Probability Learning, Young Adult
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