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Hippocampal Structure Predicts Statistical Learning and Associative Inference Abilities during Development

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Schlichting, Margaret L., Guarino, Katharine F., Schapiro, Anna C., Turk-Browne, Nicholas B., Preston, Alison R.·2017·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

DOI 10.1162/jocn_a_01028PMC PMC5130612

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Abstract

Despite the importance of learning and remembering across the lifespan, little is known about how the episodic memory system develops to support the extraction of associative structure from the environment. Here, we relate individual differences in volumes along the hippocampal long axis to performance on statistical learning and associative inference tasks—both of which require encoding associations that span multiple episodes—in a developmental sample ranging from ages 6 to 30 years. Relating age to volume, we found dissociable patterns across the hippocampal long axis, with opposite nonlinear volume changes in the head and body. These structural differences were paralleled by performance gains across the age range on both tasks, suggesting improvements in the cross-episode binding ability from childhood to adulthood. Controlling for age, we also found that smaller hippocampal heads were associated with superior behavioral performance on both tasks, consistent with this region's hypothesized role in forming generalized codes spanning events. Collectively, these results highlight the importance of examining hippocampal development as a function of position along the hippocampal axis and suggest that the hippocampal head is particularly important in encoding associative structure across development.

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Authors: Schlichting, M. L., Guarino, K. F., Schapiro, A. C., Turk-Browne, N. B., & Preston, A. R.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
3Princeton University
ORCID: Schlichting, Margaret L.
Schapiro, Anna C.
Preston, Alison R.
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Publisher: MIT Press
Published: 2017-01-01
Volume: 29
Issue: 1
Pages: 37-51
ISSN: 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
1530-8898
DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01028
PMC: PMC5130612
OpenAlex: W2508031728
Cited by: 173
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 8
FWCI: 8.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: University of Texas at Austin
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH100121)
National Eye Institute (R01EY021755)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD083785)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords: hippocampal development, hippocampal volume, hippocampal head, statistical learning, associative inference, episodic memory, individual differences, lifespan development
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Association, Child, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Organ Size, Probability Learning, Young Adult

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Hippocampal Structure Predicts Statistical Learning and Associative Inference Abilities during Development

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