Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 295

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Assessing Competition with the Panzar-Rosse Model: The Role of Scale, Costs, and Equilibrium

Open access
Bikker, Jacob A., Shaffer, Sherrill, Spierdijk, Laura·2012·Review of Economics and Statistics

Abstract

The Panzar-Rosse test has been widely applied to assess competitive conduct, often in specifications controlling for firm scale or using a price equation. We show that neither a price equation nor a scaled revenue function yields a valid measure for competitive conduct. Moreover, even an unscaled revenue function generally requires additional information about costs and market equilibrium to infer the degree of competition. Our theoretical findings are confirmed by an empirical analysis of competition in banking, using a sample containing more than 100,000 bank-year observations on more than 17,000 banks in 63 countries during the years 1994 to 2004.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1162/rest_a_00210

Cites

61 of 61 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 61 references

Metadata

Authors
Bikker, J. A., Shaffer, S., & Spierdijk, L.
Venue
Review of Economics and Statistics
Published
2012-11
Volume
94
Issue
4
Pages
1025-1044
ISSN
  • 0034-6535 (ISSN-L)
  • 1530-9142
OpenAlex
W2124220071
Cited by
295
References
61
FWCI
46.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Assessing Competition with the Panzar-Rosse Model: The Role of Scale, Costs, and Equilibrium. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1162/rest_a_00210
The paper
Bikker, J. A., Shaffer, S., & Spierdijk, L. (2012). Assessing Competition with the Panzar-Rosse Model: The Role of Scale, Costs, and Equilibrium. Review of Economics and Statistics. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00210

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.