CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 23

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Psychological Risk Factors for Childhood Nonhuman Animal Cruelty

Hawkins, Roxanne D., Hawkins, Emma L., Williams, Joanne M.·2017·Society & Animals
DOI 10.1163/15685306-12341448
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Despite growing research into human-nonhuman animal relationships, little is known about childhood cruelty to nonhuman animals. The purpose of this review was to investigate the potential psychological risk factors for childhood cruelty to animals. The aim was to assemble, synthesize, and evaluate the quality and breadth of existing empirical research and highlight areas in need of further study. The review reveals a myriad of potential psychological risk factors associated with childhood animal cruelty, but highlights the decrease in publications on this topic over time and the lack of high-quality publications. Investigating the factors underlying cruel behavior toward animals has great implications for animal welfare and child wellbeing, and is vital for designing and implementing successful universal and targeted interventions to prevent cruelty to animals.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1163/15685306-12341448

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 87

  1. Achenbach, 1991, Manual for the child behavior checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile
  2. 2013, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
  3. Arluke, 1999, The relationship of animal abuse to violence and other forms of antisocial behavior, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14, 963, 10.1177/088626099014009004 · DOI
  4. Ascione, 1993, Children who are cruel to animals: A review of research and implications for developmental psychopathology, Anthrozoös, 6, 226, 10.2752/089279393787002105 · DOI
  5. Ascione, 1997, Battered women’s reports of their partners’ and their children’s cruelty to animals, Journal of Emotional Abuse, 1, 119, 10.1300/J135v01n01_06 · DOI
  6. Ascione, 2001, Animal abuse and youth violence, us Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
  7. Ascione, 2005, Children and animals: Exploring the roots of kindness and cruelty
  8. Ascione, 1999, Child abuse, domestic violence, and animal abuse: Linking the circles of compassion for prevention and intervention
  9. Ascione, 2003, Cruelty to animals in normative, sexually abused, and outpatient psychiatric samples of 6-to 12-year-old children: Relations to maltreatment and exposure to domestic violence, Anthrozoös, 16, 194, 10.2752/089279303786992116 · DOI
  10. Ascione, 1997, Childhood cruelty to animals: Assessing cruelty dimensions and motivations, Anthrozoös, 10, 170, 10.2752/089279397787001076 · DOI
  11. Ascione, 1995, Battered partner shelter survey (BPSS)
  12. Baldry, 2004, The development of the pet scale for the measurement of physical and emotional tormenting against animals in adolescents, Society & Animals, 12, 1, 10.1163/156853004323029513 · DOI
  13. Baldry, 2005, Animal abuse among preadolescents directly and indirectly victimized at school and at home, Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 15, 97, 10.1002/cbm.42 · DOI
  14. Becker, 2004, A study of firesetting and animal cruelty in children: Family influences and adolescent outcomes, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 905, 10.1097/01.chi.0000128786.70992.9b · DOI
  15. Boat, 1994, Boat inventory on animal-related experiences
  16. Boat, 2011, Childhood cruelty to animals: Psychiatric and demographic correlates, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 20, 812, 10.1080/10926771.2011.610773 · DOI
  17. 2008, Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 34, 278, 10.1080/00754170802208081 · DOI
  18. Compas, 1995, Adolescent development: Pathways and processes of risk and resilience, Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 265, 10.1146/annurev.ps.46.020195.001405 · DOI
  19. Currie, 2006, Animal cruelty by children exposed to domestic violence, Child Abuse & Neglect, 30, 425, 10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.10.014 · DOI
  20. Dadds, 2006, Associations among cruelty to animals, family conflict, and psychopathic traits in childhood, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 411, 10.1177/0886260505283341 · DOI
  21. Dadds, 2004, Measurement of cruelty in children: The cruelty to animals inventory, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 321, 10.1023/B:JACP.0000026145.69556.d9 · DOI
  22. DeGue, 2008, Is animal cruelty a “red flag” for family violence? Investigating co-occurring violence toward children, partners, and pets, Journal of Interpersonal Violence
  23. Duncan, 2005, Significance of family risk factors in development of childhood animal cruelty in adolescent boys with conduct problems, Journal of Family Violence, 20, 235, 10.1007/s10896-005-5987-9 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Felthous, 1980, Aggression against cats, dogs and people, Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 10, 169, 10.1007/BF01433629 · DOI
  25. Felthous, 1986, Violence against animals and people: Is aggression against living creatures generalized?, Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 14, 55
  26. Flynn, 1999, Animal abuse in childhood and later support for interpersonal violence in families, Society & Animals, 7, 161, 10.1163/156853099X00059 · DOI
  27. Friedrich, 1997, Child Sexual Behavior Inventory: Professional Manual
  28. Furnham, 2003, Personality, empathy and attitudes to animal welfare, Anthrozoös, 16, 135, 10.2752/089279303786992260 · DOI · Paper page
  29. Gleyzer, 2002, Animal cruelty and psychiatric disorders, Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 30, 257
  30. Gullone, 2008, The relationship between bullying and animal abuse behaviors in adolescents: The importance of witnessing animal abuse, Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 371, 10.1016/j.appdev.2008.06.004 · DOI
  31. Gupta, 2008, Functional links between intimate partner violence and animal abuse: Personality features and representations of aggression, Society & Animals, 16, 223, 10.1163/156853008X323385 · DOI
  32. Guymer, 2001, The development of a screening questionnaire for childhood cruelty to animals, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 1057, 10.1111/1469-7610.00805 · DOI
  33. Hardt, 2004, Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: Review of the evidence, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 260, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00218.x · DOI · Paper page
  34. Hawkins, 2016a, Children’s attitudes towards animal cruelty, 18
  35. Hawkins, 2016b, Children’s beliefs about animal minds (Child-bam): Associations with positive and negative child-animal interactions, Anthrozoös, 29, 503, 10.1080/08927936.2016.1189749 · DOI
  36. Hawkins, Assessing effectiveness of nonhuman animal welfare education program for primary school children, Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
  37. Henry, 2004, The relationship between animal cruelty, delinquency, and attitudes toward the treatment of animals, Society & Animals, 12, 185, 10.1163/1568530042880677 · DOI
  38. Henry, 2006, Empathy, home environment, and attitudes toward animals in relation to animal abuse, Anthrozoös, 19, 17, 10.2752/089279306785593847 · DOI
  39. Henry, 2007, Bullying and animal abuse: Is there a connection?, Society & Animals, 15, 107, 10.1163/156853007X187081 · DOI
  40. Hensley, 2005a, Animal cruelty motivations assessing demographic and situational influences, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 1429, 10.1177/0886260505278714 · DOI
  41. Hensley, 2005b, Learning to be cruel? Exploring the onset and frequency of animal cruelty, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 49, 37, 10.1177/0306624X04266680 · DOI
  42. Hensley, 2011, Examining demographic and situational factors on animal cruelty motivations, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55, 492, 10.1177/0306624X10362661 · DOI
  43. Hills, 1995, Empathy and belief in the mental experience of animals, Anthrozoös, 8, 132, 10.2752/089279395787156347 · DOI · Paper page
  44. Hodges, 1982, The Child Assessment Schedule (cas) diagnostic interview: A report on reliability and validity, Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 21, 468, 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60796-2 · DOI
  45. Kavanagh, 2013, The Dark Triad and animal cruelty: Dark personalities, dark attitudes, and dark behaviors, Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 666, 10.1016/j.paid.2013.05.019 · DOI
  46. Kellert, 1985, Childhood cruelty toward animals among criminals and noncriminals, Human Relations, 38, 1113, 10.1177/001872678503801202 · DOI
  47. Knight, 2014, Parental predictors of children’s animal abuse findings from a national and intergenerational sample, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29, 3014, 10.1177/0886260514527825 · DOI
  48. Knight, 2004, Attitudes towards animal use and belief in animal mind, Anthrozoös, 17, 43, 10.2752/089279304786991945 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Kruesi, 1989, Cruelty to animals and csf 5HIAA, Psychiatry Research, 28, 115, 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90203-5 · DOI
  50. Landis, 1977, The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data, Biometrics, 33, 159, 10.2307/2529310 · DOI · Paper page
  51. Lewchanin, 2008, Assessing children’s experiences with animal cruelty: Assessment, treatment, community needs, and policy considerations, 423
  52. Lockwood, 1998, Cruelty to Animals and Interpersonal Violence: Reading in Research and Application
  53. Lucia, 2011, Is animal cruelty a marker of interpersonal violence and delinquency? Results of a Swiss national self-report study, Psychology of Violence, 1, 93, 10.1037/a0022986 · DOI
  54. Luk, 1999, Children who are cruel to animals: A revisit, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 29, 10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00528.x · DOI
  55. McCardle, 2011, How Animals Affect Us: Examining the Influence of Human–Animal Interaction on Child Development and Human Health
  56. McEwen, 2014, Is childhood cruelty to animals a marker for physical maltreatment in a prospective cohort study of children?, Child Abuse & Neglect, 38, 533, 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.016 · DOI
  57. McPhedran, 2009, A review of the evidence for associations between empathy, violence, and animal cruelty, Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14, 1, 10.1016/j.avb.2008.07.005 · DOI · Paper page
  58. Mellor, 2008, The relationship between childhood cruelty to animals and psychological adjustment: A Malaysian study, Anthrozoös, 21, 363, 10.2752/175303708X371582 · DOI
  59. Merz-Perez, 2003, Animal cruelty: Pathway to violence against people
  60. Miller, 2001, Childhood animal cruelty and interpersonal violence, Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 735, 10.1016/S0272-7358(00)00066-0 · DOI
  61. Miller, 1997, Reports of severe physical punishment and exposure to animal cruelty by inmates convicted of felonies and by university students, Child Abuse & Neglect, 21, 59, 10.1016/S0145-2134(96)00131-7 · DOI
  62. Moher, 2009, Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement, Annals of Internal Medicine, 151, 264, 10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · DOI · Paper page
  63. O’Connell, 2009, Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People: Progress and Possibilities
  64. Oleson, 2009, Relations among need for power, affect and attitudes toward animal cruelty, Anthrozoös, 22, 255, 10.2752/175303709X457595 · DOI
  65. Overton, 2011, Examining the relationship between childhood animal cruelty motives and recurrent adult violent crimes toward humans, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27, 899, 10.1177/0886260511423256 · DOI
  66. Patrick, 1994, Personality disorder and the mental representation of early social experience, Development and Psychopathology, 6, 375, 10.1017/S0954579400004648 · DOI
  67. Ressler, 1986, Murderers who rape and mutilate, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1, 273, 10.1177/088626086001003002 · DOI
  68. Rogeness, 1984, Clinical characteristics of emotionally disturbed boys with very low activities of dopamine-β-hydroxylase, Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 203, 10.1097/00004583-198403000-00013 · DOI
  69. Rosell, 2015, The neurobiology of aggression and violence, CNS Spectrums, 20, 254, 10.1017/S109285291500019X · DOI
  70. Sakheim, 1991, Toward a clearer differentiation of high-risk from low-risk fire-setters, Child Welfare: Journal of Policy, Practice, and Program, 70, 489
  71. Saks, 2007, Researching Health: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods
  72. Sanders, 2013, Bullies, victims, and animal abusers: Do they exhibit similar behavioral difficulties?, Society & Animals, 21, 225, 10.1163/15685306-12341285 · DOI
  73. Schiffman, 2004, Consumer Behavior
  74. Serpell, 1996, In the Company of Animals: A Study of Human-Animal Relationships
  75. Shapiro, 2006, A dominating imaginary friend, cruelty to animals, social withdrawal, and growth deficiency in a 7-year-old girl with parents with schizophrenia, Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Paediatrics, 27, 231, 10.1097/00004703-200606000-00010 · DOI
  76. Signal, 2013, When do psychologists pay attention to children harming animals?, Human-Animal Interaction Bulletin, 1, 82
  77. Sverd, 1994, Prevalence of pervasive developmental disorder in a sample of psychiatrically hospitalized children and adolescents, Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 25, 221, 10.1007/BF02250991 · DOI
  78. Tapia, 1971, Children who are cruel to animals, Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 2, 70, 10.1007/BF01434639 · DOI
  79. Thompson, 2003, Promotion of empathy and prosocial behaviour in children through humane education, Australian Psychologist, 38, 175, 10.1080/00050060310001707187 · DOI
  80. Thompson, 2006, An investigation into the association between the witnessing of animal abuse and adolescents’ behavior toward animals, Society & Animals, 14, 221, 10.1163/156853006778149163 · DOI
  81. Thompson, 2008, Prosocial and antisocial behaviors in adolescents: An investigation into associations with attachment and empathy, Anthrozoös, 21, 123, 10.2752/175303708X305774 · DOI · Paper page
  82. Vaughn, 2011, Effects of childhood adversity on bullying and cruelty to animals in the United States: Findings from a national sample, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 3509, 10.1177/0886260511403763 · DOI
  83. Vaughn, 2009, Correlates of cruelty to animals in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions, Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 1213, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.04.011 · DOI
  84. Volant, 2008, The relationship between domestic violence and animal abuse an Australian study, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 1277, 10.1177/0886260508314309 · DOI
  85. Walters, 2015, Family context and externalizing correlates of childhood animal cruelty in adjudicated delinquents, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30, 1369, 10.1177/0886260514540328 · DOI
  86. Wong, 2013, Childhood cruelty to animals in China: The relationship with psychological adjustment and family functioning, Child: Care, Health and Development, 39, 668, 10.1111/cch.12001 · DOI
  87. 2004, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Vol. 1

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 23

Metadata

Authors
Hawkins, R. D., Hawkins, E. L., & Williams, J. M.
Affiliations
  • School of Health in Social Science, The University of EdinburghUnited Kingdom
  • Division of Psychiatry, The University of EdinburghUnited Kingdom
Venue
Society & Animals
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Published
2017-06-01
Volume
25
Issue
3
Pages
280-312
ISSN
  • 1063-1119
  • 1568-5306
DOI
10.1163/15685306-12341448
Cited by
23
References
2

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review